This document provides a list of common Linux commands along with brief descriptions of their functions. It includes commands for manipulating files, running programs, managing processes, networking, installing software, and more. The list spans from a to z and covers over 150 different commands that can be used in a Linux terminal.
This document provides an A-Z index of common Linux bash commands and their brief descriptions. It lists over 150 commands, such as alias to create an alias, apt-get to install software packages, cat to concatenate files, chmod to change file permissions, cp to copy files, date to display or change the system date and time, df to display disk space, grep to search files for patterns, ls to list files, mv to move or rename files, rm to remove files, and pwd to print the working directory.
This document contains a list of common Linux commands and their brief descriptions. It includes commands for managing files, directories, users, processes, networking, installing software, editing text, and more. The list spans from a to z and contains over 100 commands in total that cover many essential tasks in Linux systems.
Quick guide of the most common linux commandsCarlos Enrique
This document provides a quick guide to the most common Linux commands organized in alphabetical order. It lists over 100 commands and briefly describes the basic function of each one such as manipulating files and directories, running processes, viewing system information, and more.
This document lists Linux commands and provides a brief description of their functions. Some key commands include:
- ls lists information about files and directories
- cd changes the current directory
- cp copies files
- mv moves or renames files
- rm removes files
- grep searches files for lines that match a pattern
This document provides an A-Z index of common Linux bash commands and their brief descriptions. It lists over 150 commands, their purposes, and additional resources for bash commands. The commands range from basic file management like cp, mv, rm and ls to process management like top, kill and jobs to networking commands like ping, traceroute and ssh. It also indicates which commands are bash built-ins and notes that many commands are available on other shells besides bash.
The document provides a cheat sheet listing GNU Coreutils commands with brief descriptions. It contains over 70 commands organized in a table with the utility name and a one sentence description. The cheat sheet is intended to help users quickly find and understand common Linux/Unix commands for tasks like manipulating files, viewing system information, and processing text.
This document provides descriptions of common Linux commands organized into categories including file manipulation, text processing, documentation, editors, file and directory management, file display and printing, programming tools, communications, process control, status information, and web commands. It describes what each command is used for and provides examples of some commonly used commands and their functions.
This document provides an A-Z index of commands for the Apple OS X command line, listing over 200 commands and their brief descriptions. It includes basic commands for file management, text processing, networking, system administration, and more. The document also notes that bash is the default shell for OS X and that many commands are built-in bash commands.
This document provides an A-Z index of common Linux bash commands and their brief descriptions. It lists over 150 commands, such as alias to create an alias, apt-get to install software packages, cat to concatenate files, chmod to change file permissions, cp to copy files, date to display or change the system date and time, df to display disk space, grep to search files for patterns, ls to list files, mv to move or rename files, rm to remove files, and pwd to print the working directory.
This document contains a list of common Linux commands and their brief descriptions. It includes commands for managing files, directories, users, processes, networking, installing software, editing text, and more. The list spans from a to z and contains over 100 commands in total that cover many essential tasks in Linux systems.
Quick guide of the most common linux commandsCarlos Enrique
This document provides a quick guide to the most common Linux commands organized in alphabetical order. It lists over 100 commands and briefly describes the basic function of each one such as manipulating files and directories, running processes, viewing system information, and more.
This document lists Linux commands and provides a brief description of their functions. Some key commands include:
- ls lists information about files and directories
- cd changes the current directory
- cp copies files
- mv moves or renames files
- rm removes files
- grep searches files for lines that match a pattern
This document provides an A-Z index of common Linux bash commands and their brief descriptions. It lists over 150 commands, their purposes, and additional resources for bash commands. The commands range from basic file management like cp, mv, rm and ls to process management like top, kill and jobs to networking commands like ping, traceroute and ssh. It also indicates which commands are bash built-ins and notes that many commands are available on other shells besides bash.
The document provides a cheat sheet listing GNU Coreutils commands with brief descriptions. It contains over 70 commands organized in a table with the utility name and a one sentence description. The cheat sheet is intended to help users quickly find and understand common Linux/Unix commands for tasks like manipulating files, viewing system information, and processing text.
This document provides descriptions of common Linux commands organized into categories including file manipulation, text processing, documentation, editors, file and directory management, file display and printing, programming tools, communications, process control, status information, and web commands. It describes what each command is used for and provides examples of some commonly used commands and their functions.
This document provides an A-Z index of commands for the Apple OS X command line, listing over 200 commands and their brief descriptions. It includes basic commands for file management, text processing, networking, system administration, and more. The document also notes that bash is the default shell for OS X and that many commands are built-in bash commands.
This document lists and briefly describes many common Linux terminal commands starting with the letters A through X. It includes basic commands for navigating files and directories, manipulating text, installing and managing software packages, networking tasks, and more. Some of the commands described are apt-get, cd, cp, grep, ls, man, mkdir, mv, ping, rm, tar, top, and vi.
The document provides an A-Z index of common Linux bash commands and their brief descriptions. Some key commands include:
- adduser and addgroup to add users and groups
- alias to create command aliases
- apt-get and aptitude to install software packages
- bash for the GNU Bourne Again shell
- cat and more to view file contents
- cd to change directories
- cp to copy files
- grep to search files for patterns
- ls to list directory contents
- mkdir to create directories
- rm to remove files
- sudo to run commands as root
- tar to archive and compress files
This document provides a tutorial on Unix/Linux. It begins with an overview of the Unix system including the kernel, shell, multi-user and multi-process capabilities, and important directory structures. It then covers basic commands, relative and absolute paths, redirecting and piping output, permissions, process management, installing software, text editors, running jobs in the foreground and background, and remote login/file transfer. The goal is to introduce fundamental Unix concepts and commands to new users.
Linux is an open-source operating system that can run on various hardware. The document discusses various Linux commands and concepts related to directories, files, permissions, users, groups, text editors like vi and vim, process management, disk partitioning and more. It also covers Linux installation, package management, shell scripting and configuring network and services like SSH, web servers and more. Exercises are included to help understand concepts like mount points, journaling and file attributes.
This document provides information about various Linux commands. It begins by defining what a command is and explaining the different types of commands - built-in shell commands and external commands. It then discusses command navigation shortcuts and various file manipulation commands like mkdir, rmdir, touch, cp, rm, man, head, tail, cat, tac, more and files. The document also covers the Linux filesystem hierarchy standard and describes the main directories for binaries, configuration, data and memory. Overall, the document serves as a guide to common Linux commands and filesystem structure.
Linux Administration in this basic commands are there & also advanced commands are also there,It will be very use full for everyone who are all intrested in learning Linux,Which means everyone learn Linux esaliy.
This document provides a reference sheet for common UNIX/Linux commands organized into categories such as file commands, process management, permissions, searching, compression and more. It lists basic commands for manipulating files, running processes, setting permissions on files and directories, searching for files and text, compressing files, version control, getting system information and shortcuts.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into the following sections: date and time commands, file and directory commands, file handling commands, simple filters, searching commands, and other miscellaneous commands. It describes commands like cal, date, echo, passwd, man, mkdir, cd, mv, cp, rmdir, rm, cat, more, less, wc, head, tail, cut, paste, sort, grep, sed, pwd, df, du, find, lspci, lsusb, and more. The document is intended as an introduction to common Linux commands and their usage.
The document provides summaries of common Linux commands, including their most common uses. Some key commands covered are ls, which lists files and directories; cd, which changes the current working directory; and man, which provides documentation for other commands. The document also discusses commands for viewing system processes and users, like top, w, who, and finger.
This document provides an A-Z index of common Windows command line (CMD) commands, listing the name and brief description of each command. It includes both internal CMD commands, marked with a bullet, and external commands that can also be run directly or from other shells like PowerShell. The index contains over 100 different commands for performing tasks like copying files, changing directories, managing disks and partitions, viewing system information, scheduling tasks, and more. It also provides additional resources for command documentation and discussion.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Linux shell scripting. It begins by explaining key concepts like the kernel, shell, processes, redirection and pipes. It then covers variables, writing and running scripts, quotes, arithmetic, arguments, exit status, wildcards, and basic programming commands like echo, if/test, loops, case. The document concludes with more advanced commands like functions, I/O redirection, traps and examples.
This document provides an overview of the Unix operating system and some basic Unix commands. It discusses the kernel and shell architecture of Unix, the multi-user and multi-process capabilities, file and directory structures including important directories like /bin, /home, and /var. It also summarizes common commands for navigating directories, viewing files, copying/moving files, and managing permissions and processes. The document is intended to help users get started with basic Unix concepts and commands.
Course 102: Lecture 10: Learning About the Shell Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture Introduces the shell program, its role, its functionality , and the categories of commands to run on it. It also discusses the different scripts executed at shell startup
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
The document provides summaries of common Linux commands, including their most common uses. Some key commands covered are ls, which lists files and directories; cd, which changes the current working directory; and man, which displays manuals for commands. The document also discusses commands for checking network connectivity like ping and ifconfig, managing processes like top and ps, and manipulating files and directories like touch, rm, and chmod.
This document provides an index of 21 coding topics that include performing arithmetic operations, comparison of numbers, compound interest calculation, prime number checking, and palindrome checking. It also includes displaying a Fibonacci series, calculating simple interest, and swapping numbers without using three variables. The index provides the topic name and number for each item.
This document provides an overview of common UNIX commands for navigating directories, listing files, editing text, searching for files and strings, compressing files, and more. It describes commands like ls, cd, pwd, vi, grep, find, tar, gzip and man for viewing manual pages. It also explains concepts like pipes, redirection, environment variables and basics of the awk command for text manipulation.
This document provides an A-Z index of common Windows CMD commands and their descriptions. It lists over 100 commands, including basic commands like CD, COPY, DIR, ECHO, and TYPE for navigating the file system, manipulating files and folders, and getting system information. Also included are more advanced commands for managing disks, services, users, permissions, networking, remote connections and tasks.
This document provides descriptions and examples of various Linux commands, including commands for listing files and directories (ls), creating directories (mkdir), viewing file contents (cat, tac), copying and moving files (cp, mv), checking the current working directory (pwd), finding command locations (whereis, which), getting command documentation (man, info), viewing user and system information (whoami, uname), and more. 35 commands are described in total, with the syntax and examples provided for each.
This document lists Linux commands and provides a brief description of their functions. Some key commands include:
- ls lists information about files
- cd changes the current directory
- cp copies files
- mv moves or renames files
- rm removes files
- grep searches files for lines matching a pattern
- man displays manual pages for commands
The document provides a cheat sheet listing GNU Coreutils commands with brief descriptions. It contains over 60 commands organized in a table with the utility name and a one sentence description. The cheat sheet is intended to help users quickly find and understand common Linux/Unix commands for tasks like manipulating files, checking system information and managing processes.
The document provides a cheat sheet listing GNU Coreutils commands with brief descriptions. It contains over 50 commands organized in a table with the utility name and a one sentence description. The cheat sheet is intended to help users quickly find and understand common Linux/Unix commands for tasks like manipulating files, checking system information and modifying permissions.
This document provides an A-Z index of Windows CMD commands, listing over 100 commands and their brief descriptions. Some key commands include:
- DIR - Display a list of files and folders
- COPY - Copy one or more files to another location
- DEL - Delete one or more files
- MD - Create new folders
- REN - Rename a file or files
- CD - Change Directory - move to a specific Folder
- VER - Display version information
This document lists and briefly describes many common Linux terminal commands starting with the letters A through X. It includes basic commands for navigating files and directories, manipulating text, installing and managing software packages, networking tasks, and more. Some of the commands described are apt-get, cd, cp, grep, ls, man, mkdir, mv, ping, rm, tar, top, and vi.
The document provides an A-Z index of common Linux bash commands and their brief descriptions. Some key commands include:
- adduser and addgroup to add users and groups
- alias to create command aliases
- apt-get and aptitude to install software packages
- bash for the GNU Bourne Again shell
- cat and more to view file contents
- cd to change directories
- cp to copy files
- grep to search files for patterns
- ls to list directory contents
- mkdir to create directories
- rm to remove files
- sudo to run commands as root
- tar to archive and compress files
This document provides a tutorial on Unix/Linux. It begins with an overview of the Unix system including the kernel, shell, multi-user and multi-process capabilities, and important directory structures. It then covers basic commands, relative and absolute paths, redirecting and piping output, permissions, process management, installing software, text editors, running jobs in the foreground and background, and remote login/file transfer. The goal is to introduce fundamental Unix concepts and commands to new users.
Linux is an open-source operating system that can run on various hardware. The document discusses various Linux commands and concepts related to directories, files, permissions, users, groups, text editors like vi and vim, process management, disk partitioning and more. It also covers Linux installation, package management, shell scripting and configuring network and services like SSH, web servers and more. Exercises are included to help understand concepts like mount points, journaling and file attributes.
This document provides information about various Linux commands. It begins by defining what a command is and explaining the different types of commands - built-in shell commands and external commands. It then discusses command navigation shortcuts and various file manipulation commands like mkdir, rmdir, touch, cp, rm, man, head, tail, cat, tac, more and files. The document also covers the Linux filesystem hierarchy standard and describes the main directories for binaries, configuration, data and memory. Overall, the document serves as a guide to common Linux commands and filesystem structure.
Linux Administration in this basic commands are there & also advanced commands are also there,It will be very use full for everyone who are all intrested in learning Linux,Which means everyone learn Linux esaliy.
This document provides a reference sheet for common UNIX/Linux commands organized into categories such as file commands, process management, permissions, searching, compression and more. It lists basic commands for manipulating files, running processes, setting permissions on files and directories, searching for files and text, compressing files, version control, getting system information and shortcuts.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into the following sections: date and time commands, file and directory commands, file handling commands, simple filters, searching commands, and other miscellaneous commands. It describes commands like cal, date, echo, passwd, man, mkdir, cd, mv, cp, rmdir, rm, cat, more, less, wc, head, tail, cut, paste, sort, grep, sed, pwd, df, du, find, lspci, lsusb, and more. The document is intended as an introduction to common Linux commands and their usage.
The document provides summaries of common Linux commands, including their most common uses. Some key commands covered are ls, which lists files and directories; cd, which changes the current working directory; and man, which provides documentation for other commands. The document also discusses commands for viewing system processes and users, like top, w, who, and finger.
This document provides an A-Z index of common Windows command line (CMD) commands, listing the name and brief description of each command. It includes both internal CMD commands, marked with a bullet, and external commands that can also be run directly or from other shells like PowerShell. The index contains over 100 different commands for performing tasks like copying files, changing directories, managing disks and partitions, viewing system information, scheduling tasks, and more. It also provides additional resources for command documentation and discussion.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Linux shell scripting. It begins by explaining key concepts like the kernel, shell, processes, redirection and pipes. It then covers variables, writing and running scripts, quotes, arithmetic, arguments, exit status, wildcards, and basic programming commands like echo, if/test, loops, case. The document concludes with more advanced commands like functions, I/O redirection, traps and examples.
This document provides an overview of the Unix operating system and some basic Unix commands. It discusses the kernel and shell architecture of Unix, the multi-user and multi-process capabilities, file and directory structures including important directories like /bin, /home, and /var. It also summarizes common commands for navigating directories, viewing files, copying/moving files, and managing permissions and processes. The document is intended to help users get started with basic Unix concepts and commands.
Course 102: Lecture 10: Learning About the Shell Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture Introduces the shell program, its role, its functionality , and the categories of commands to run on it. It also discusses the different scripts executed at shell startup
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
The document provides summaries of common Linux commands, including their most common uses. Some key commands covered are ls, which lists files and directories; cd, which changes the current working directory; and man, which displays manuals for commands. The document also discusses commands for checking network connectivity like ping and ifconfig, managing processes like top and ps, and manipulating files and directories like touch, rm, and chmod.
This document provides an index of 21 coding topics that include performing arithmetic operations, comparison of numbers, compound interest calculation, prime number checking, and palindrome checking. It also includes displaying a Fibonacci series, calculating simple interest, and swapping numbers without using three variables. The index provides the topic name and number for each item.
This document provides an overview of common UNIX commands for navigating directories, listing files, editing text, searching for files and strings, compressing files, and more. It describes commands like ls, cd, pwd, vi, grep, find, tar, gzip and man for viewing manual pages. It also explains concepts like pipes, redirection, environment variables and basics of the awk command for text manipulation.
This document provides an A-Z index of common Windows CMD commands and their descriptions. It lists over 100 commands, including basic commands like CD, COPY, DIR, ECHO, and TYPE for navigating the file system, manipulating files and folders, and getting system information. Also included are more advanced commands for managing disks, services, users, permissions, networking, remote connections and tasks.
This document provides descriptions and examples of various Linux commands, including commands for listing files and directories (ls), creating directories (mkdir), viewing file contents (cat, tac), copying and moving files (cp, mv), checking the current working directory (pwd), finding command locations (whereis, which), getting command documentation (man, info), viewing user and system information (whoami, uname), and more. 35 commands are described in total, with the syntax and examples provided for each.
This document lists Linux commands and provides a brief description of their functions. Some key commands include:
- ls lists information about files
- cd changes the current directory
- cp copies files
- mv moves or renames files
- rm removes files
- grep searches files for lines matching a pattern
- man displays manual pages for commands
The document provides a cheat sheet listing GNU Coreutils commands with brief descriptions. It contains over 60 commands organized in a table with the utility name and a one sentence description. The cheat sheet is intended to help users quickly find and understand common Linux/Unix commands for tasks like manipulating files, checking system information and managing processes.
The document provides a cheat sheet listing GNU Coreutils commands with brief descriptions. It contains over 50 commands organized in a table with the utility name and a one sentence description. The cheat sheet is intended to help users quickly find and understand common Linux/Unix commands for tasks like manipulating files, checking system information and modifying permissions.
This document provides an A-Z index of Windows CMD commands, listing over 100 commands and their brief descriptions. Some key commands include:
- DIR - Display a list of files and folders
- COPY - Copy one or more files to another location
- DEL - Delete one or more files
- MD - Create new folders
- REN - Rename a file or files
- CD - Change Directory - move to a specific Folder
- VER - Display version information
This document provides a summary of common Linux commands in 3 sentences or less:
It lists common Linux commands used for file manipulation, system administration, and querying system information along with brief descriptions of each command's functionality. The commands are organized alphabetically and include file copying and manipulation commands like cp, mv, rm as well as system information commands like date, df, du, and hostname. This cheat sheet was created by Peteris Krumins to provide a quick reference to common Linux commands and their uses.
A z index of the windows cmd command lineproser tech
The document provides an A-Z index of common Windows CMD commands and their functions. It lists over 100 commands including basic commands like CD, COPY, DIR, ECHO, and VER to manage files, folders, disks and view system information. Other commands control services, users, groups, permissions, networking, remote connections and more to administer Windows systems from the command line.
This document provides an A-Z index of common Windows CMD commands and their functions. It lists over 100 commands including basic commands like DIR, COPY, DEL, MD, RD, REN, TYPE, VER along with more advanced commands for managing disks, files, permissions, users, groups, networking, services, tasks and remote administration. The index is intended to help users navigate and learn about the various capabilities available through the Windows command line interface.
The document provides an introduction to Linux commands and lists the top 50 commands. It includes brief descriptions of common commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, ps, kill, cat, head, cp, mv, comm, ln, history, wget, curl, find, grep, sed and more. It then provides a lab exercise with 17 steps to practice basic file navigation and directory creation/deletion using these commands.
This document provides an A-Z index of common Windows command line (CMD) commands, listing the name and brief description of each command. It includes both internal CMD commands, marked with a bullet, and external commands that can also be run directly or from other shells like PowerShell. The index contains over 100 different commands for performing tasks like copying files, changing directories, managing disks and partitions, viewing system information, scheduling tasks, and more. It also provides additional resources for learning more about Windows command line tools.
The document discusses various topics related to Linux administration. It covers Unix system architecture, the Linux command line, files and directories, running programs, wildcards, text editors, shells, command syntax, filenames, command history, paths, hidden files, home directories, making directories, copying and renaming files, and more. It provides an overview of key Linux concepts and commands for system administration.
This document provides a summary of Linux command line cheat sheet covering topics such as:
- Simple commands like date, cal, df, free for displaying system information
- Navigation commands like cd, ls
- Exploring and manipulating files and directories using commands like cp, mv, mkdir, rm
- Finding files using locate, find
- Process commands like ps, top, kill
- Networking commands like ping, traceroute, netstat
- Archiving files using gzip, bzip2, tar, zip
- User permissions and ownership with chmod, chown, su
The document provides an overview of common Linux commands, including commands for executing other commands, navigating directories, listing and copying files, managing users and permissions, searching for files, processing text, managing archives, and compressing files. Examples are given for commands like ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, who, echo, alias, awk, chown, diff, grep, pushd, kill, df, cat, tar, gzip, su. Brief descriptions are provided for most commands and references are given at the end for additional Linux resources.
The document summarizes the usage of various Linux commands like cd, bc, man, who, whoami, pwd, mkdir, rmdir, ls, touch, mv, date, cat, more, less, print, echo, lp, rm, cp and their options. It provides the syntax and examples of using each command. The commands covered are for directory navigation, file manipulation, text processing and printing files in Linux operating system.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on Unix, designed for multi-user environments. The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands like ls, mkdir, cd for navigating files and directories, as well as more advanced commands for manipulating files, checking system resources, and getting system information. It also lists and describes many common Linux commands and their functions.
An operating system acts as an interface between hardware and software, managing resources and presenting an easier programming interface than the underlying hardware. The UNIX system is organized into three levels - the kernel which manages tasks and storage, the shell which connects programs and executes commands, and tools/applications which provide additional functionality. PuTTY is a free and open-source terminal emulator and SSH client most commonly used to access UNIX/Linux systems remotely from Windows. The course objectives are to learn UNIX commands, shell programming, process management, memory management, file organization, and implementing related algorithms.
This document lists various Windows command line utilities, organized alphabetically. Some of the more common commands listed include COPY, DATE, DEL, DIR, ECHO, MD, MKDIR, MOVE, PATH, REN, RD, SET, START, TIME, TITLE, TYPE, VER, and XCOPY. The commands allow users to manage files, folders, disks, environment variables, and perform other tasks from the command line.
The document provides an introduction to Linux file systems and navigation, basic Linux commands, and users and groups. It describes:
1) The Linux file system uses a tree structure with root ("/") at the bottom and directories like /bin, /boot, /etc, /home, /lib, /opt, /proc, /sbin, /tmp, /usr, and /var.
2) Basic Linux commands include ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, mount, df, ps, kill, touch, cat, head, cp, mv, comm, ln, history, wget, curl, find, which, echo, sort, man, tar, printenv, sleep, vi/vim
This document provides an overview of system administrator tasks and basic UNIX concepts. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of system administrators, the structure and components of UNIX operating systems, basic commands for navigating the file system, managing files and directories, editing text, and running processes. It also covers shells, variables, and cron jobs for scheduling automated tasks. The document concludes with introductions to AIX operating systems and IBM pSeries servers.
The document provides an overview of Unix and shell scripting. It discusses the history and architecture of Unix operating systems. It then covers various Unix commands and utilities for file management, processes, communication, and system administration. Finally, it describes the basics of shell scripting including variables, conditional statements, loops, and here documents.
This document describes the functions of various Linux commands, including commands for listing files (ls), creating directories (mkdir) and files (touch, cat), copying files (cp), changing directories (cd), moving files (mv), finding file locations (whereis, which), displaying manual pages (man, info), checking disk usage (df, du), viewing running processes (ps), setting aliases (alias), changing user identity (su, sudo), viewing command history (history), setting the system date and time (date), displaying calendars (cal), and clearing the terminal screen (clear). It provides the syntax and examples for using each command.
1. alias Create an alias •
apropos Search Help manual pages (man -k)
apt-get Search for and install software packages
(Debian/Ubuntu)
aptitude Search for and install software packages
(Debian/Ubuntu)
aspell Spell Checker
awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
b
basename Strip directory and suffix from filenames
bash GNU Bourne-Again SHell
bc Arbitrary precision calculator language
bg Send to background
break Exit from a loop •
builtin Run a shell builtin
bzip2 Compress or decompress named file(s)
c
cal Display a calendar
case Conditionally perform a command
cat Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
cd Change Directory
cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp Change group ownership
chmod Change access permissions
chown Change file owner and group
chroot Run a command with a different root directory
chkconfig System services (runlevel)
cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear Clear terminal screen
cmp Compare two files
comm Compare two sorted files line by line
command Run a command - ignoring shell functions •
continue Resume the next iteration of a loop •
cp Copy one or more files to another location
cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut Divide a file into several parts
d
date Display or change the date & time
dc Desk Calculator
dd Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot
records
ddrescue Data recovery tool
declare Declare variables and give them attributes •
df Display free disk space
diff Display the differences between two files
2. diff3 Show differences among three files
dig DNS lookup
dir Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs Display list of remembered directories
dmesg Print kernel & driver messages
du Estimate file space usage
e
echo Display message on screen •
egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended
expression
eject Eject removable media
enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands •
env Environment variables
ethtool Ethernet card settings
eval Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec Execute a command
exit Exit the shell
expect Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a
terminal
expand Convert tabs to spaces
export Set an environment variable
expr Evaluate expressions
f
false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
fg Send job to foreground
fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
file Determine file type
find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt Reformat paragraph text
fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for Expand words, and execute commands
format Format disks or tapes
free Display memory usage
fsck File system consistency check and repair
ftp File Transfer Protocol
function Define Function Macros
fuser Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
g
gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts Parse positional parameters
grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groupadd Add a user security group
groupdel Delete a group
3. groupmod Modify a group
groups Print group names a user is in
gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)
h
hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head Output the first part of file(s)
help Display help for a built-in command •
history Command History
hostname Print or set system name
i
iconv Convert the character set of a file
id Print user and group id's
if Conditionally perform a command
ifconfig Configure a network interface
ifdown Stop a network interface
ifup Start a network interface up
import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
install Copy files and set attributes
j
jobs List active jobs •
join Join lines on a common field
k
kill Stop a process from running
killall Kill processes by name
l
less Display output one screen at a time
let Perform arithmetic on shell variables •
ln Create a symbolic link to a file
local Create variables •
locate Find files
logname Print current login name
logout Exit a login shell •
look Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc Line printer control program
lpr Off line print
lprint Print a file
lprintd Abort a print job
lprintq List the print queue
lprm Remove jobs from the print queue
ls List information about file(s)
lsof List open files
m
make Recompile a group of programs
man Help manual
mkdir Create new folder(s)
mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
4. mknod Make block or character special files
more Display output one screen at a time
mount Mount a file system
mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files
mtr Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
mv Move or rename files or directories
mmv Mass Move and rename (files)
n
netstat Networking information
nice Set the priority of a command or job
nl Number lines and write files
nohup Run a command immune to hangups
notify-send Send desktop notifications
nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
o
open Open a file in its default application
op Operator access
p
passwd Modify a user password
paste Merge lines of files
pathchk Check file name portability
ping Test a network connection
pkill Stop processes from running
popd Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr Prepare files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
printenv Print environment variables
printf Format and print data •
ps Process status
pushd Save and then change the current directory
pwd Print Working Directory
q
quota Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas
r
ram ram disk device
rcp Copy files between two machines
read Read a line from standard input •
readarray Read from stdin into an array variable •
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
reboot Reboot the system
rename Rename files
renice Alter priority of running processes
remsync Synchronize remote files via email
return Exit a shell function
rev Reverse lines of a file
5. rm Remove files
rmdir Remove folder(s)
rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
s
screen Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
scp Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff Merge two files interactively
sed Stream Editor
select Accept keyboard input
seq Print numeric sequences
set Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp Secure File Transfer Program
shift Shift positional parameters
shopt Shell Options
shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
sleep Delay for a specified time
slocate Find files
sort Sort text files
source Run commands from a file '.'
split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
ssh Secure Shell client (remote login program)
strace Trace system calls and signals
su Substitute user identity
sudo Execute a command as another user
sum Print a checksum for a file
suspend Suspend execution of this shell •
symlink Make a new name for a file
sync Synchronize data on disk with memory
t
tail Output the last part of file
tar Tape ARchiver
tee Redirect output to multiple files
test Evaluate a conditional expression
time Measure Program running time
timeout Run a command with a time limit
times User and system times
touch Change file timestamps
top List processes running on the system
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true Do nothing, successfully
tsort Topological sort
tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
type Describe a command •
u
ulimit Limit user resources •
6. umask Users file creation mask
umount Unmount a device
unalias Remove an alias •
uname Print system information
unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
uniq Uniquify files
units Convert units from one scale to another
unset Remove variable or function names
unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
until Execute commands (until error)
uptime Show uptime
useradd Create new user account
userdel Delete a user account
usermod Modify user account
users List users currently logged in
uuencode Encode a binary file
uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
v
v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vi Text Editor
vmstat Report virtual memory statistics
w
wait Wait for a process to complete •
watch Execute/display a program periodically
wc Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis Search the user's $path, man pages and source files
for a program
which Search the user's $path for a program file
while Execute commands
who Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
wget Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
write Send a message to another user
x
xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
xdg-open Open a file or URL in the user's preferred
application.
yes Print a string until interrupted
. Run a command script in the current shell
!! Run the last command again
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