The document discusses the evolving relationship between research and design, particularly emphasizing the role of ethnography in interaction design and human-centered design. It highlights various approaches and perspectives on ethnography, including its historical development, applications in design research, and the importance of understanding cultural subgroups. Critical questions regarding field research methodologies and the implications of ethnographic practices for design are also presented.

1. Research and design: a changing
relationship and the influence of Ethnography
DR GAVIN MELLES
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A Prompt: Ethno What?
http://www.methods.manchester.ac.uk/methods/ethnography/

2. Personal experiences
2

3. Designs new realities
3

4. The nature and requirements of
interaction design: why ethnography?
4
Design Ethnography: Fishing?
http://vimeo.com/6038262

5. Developing clarity and
focus from uncertainty
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6. Perspectives on the role
of anthropology in design

7. Research through design:
anthropology's contribution
Zimmerman, J., Forlizzi, J., & Evenson, S. (2007). Research through
design as a method for interaction design research in HCI. Proceedings
of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems -
CHI ’07 (pp. 493-502)
5

8. Human-centred design: IDEO's message
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgEAAhEeDHY

9. The landscape of human centred design: multiple entry
points for ethnography
Sanders, E. B.-N., & Stappers, P. J. (2008).
Co-creation and the new landscapes of
design. CoDesign, 4(1), 5-18. doi:
10.1080/15710880701875068
7

10. A little bit of history
Developments in Ethnography

11. In the field one has to face a
chaos of facts, some of which
are so small that they seem
insignificant; others loom so
large that they are hard to
encompass with one synthetic
glance. But in this crude form
they are not scientific facts at
all; they are absolutely
elusive, and can be fixed only
by interpretation (Bronislaw
Malinowski, Baloma (1954),
238.
Ethnography: origins of
the outsider/insider view
http://img.ehowcdn.com/article-new/ehow/images/a05/f9/rk/ethnographic-observation-800x800.jpg
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12. Sociological ethnography: city as
laboratory
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13. Understanding cultural subgroups
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14. Visual ethnography: a
picture worth 1000 words
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15. Focused ethnography: impetus
from Latour and Goffman
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16. Medical ethnography: an
example
Engebretson, J. (2011). Clinically applied
medical ethnography: relevance to cultural
competence in patient care. The Nursing
clinics of North America, 46(2), 145-54
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http://www.intel.eu/content/www/eu/en/healthcare-it/healthcare-ethnography-video.html

17. Technology development:
new ways of working
https://www.ethosapp.com
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18. Without field research: cliches versus
thick description
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19. Analysis: grounded
theorizing or design driven
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http://www.methods.manchester.ac.uk/methods/groundedtheory/index.shtml

20. Crucial questions
• Should I take an overt or covert role in the field?
• How much should my prior reading and analysis dictate the
field study?
• How long should or can I remain in the field?
• What is the effect of my presence on results and can I
intervene in situations?
• Should I take photographs or film in the field?
• Can I use cultural probes to get users to gather their own
evidence?
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21. Conclusion
• Ethnography has its own history of developments
• Applied ethnography represents a practical application
• There is a critical discussion between applied and
traditional approaches
• The application into design puts an emphasis on stories
and people's own perceptions
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