The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
One of the main goals in orthodontics is to attain excellence in treatment with comfortable and esthetic appliances. From the esthetic perspective, lingual orthodontics provides the best option.
This presentation covers the history and evolution of lingual brackets and the various methods of lingual bonding in orthodontics
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
One of the main goals in orthodontics is to attain excellence in treatment with comfortable and esthetic appliances. From the esthetic perspective, lingual orthodontics provides the best option.
This presentation covers the history and evolution of lingual brackets and the various methods of lingual bonding in orthodontics
In order to solve the serious problems of traditional surgical
orthodontic treatment, a new approach was adopted:
the first step is OGS, and this is followed by orthodontic alignment. This approach is named as Surgery First Orthognathic Approach (SFOA)
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
lingual appliance in orthodontics.
a recent advancement in orthodontics.
invisible orthodontics.
invisible braces.
invisible braces for adults.
adult orthodontics.
braces for adults.
Lingual orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lingual orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Torque in p.e.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Introduction
Historical Perspectives
Creation of tip-edge
Tip –edge concepts
Bonding and setting up
Treatment stages
Stage I
Stage II
Torque in tip-edge
Stage III
Advantages
Disadvantages
Case reports
Articles
Conclusion
References
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Vision of the founder:
Malligai Dental Academy Was founded by Major.Dr.PravinPrathip.J in the year 2013. He is an Ex-Indian Army Dental Corps officer.
His vision for this academy is to help the clinicians to understand the core concept of Implantology, Endodontics and Orthodontics in every day dental practice and to elevate the level of patient care by continuing dental education for the dentist and provide a greater satisfaction level for the patients and to take the art and science of dentistry to next level for future generations
To spread the awareness of this vision he has created multiple slides on various topics in Orthodontics, Endodontics ,Periodontics, Pedodontics and other dental subjects for the General Practitioner in his busy schedule to learn a few things.
To Join our Courses Pls contact us at
Malligai Dental Hospital located in West Mambalam Chennai was serving the patients since 2009 September. In a very short span of 7 years our hospital has gained 9th rank in the top 10 ranking of Healthcare Providers conducted by All India Times of India Survey. In a Modest attempt to improve the knowledge and awareness among the people, Major Dr Pravin Has initiated the set of slides on the commonly occurring dental problems. We have simplified the concept by what? How? what to do? Why to do? Where to go? If you like these slides kindly share the slides in your FB and other media so that you would understand about your dental problems and also find the best solutions.
For a World class Dental Treatments in the city of Chennai , the best dentist in the city of Chennai and West Mambalam Ashok nagar area
Please contact us at
Malligai Dental Hospital
107 lake view Road
West Mambalam
Chennai 600033
Malligai dental hospital -Ashoknagar branch
G1 Chandra flats
23/49 Ashok Nagar 7th avenue (next to sangamam hotel)
Chennai- 600083.
WWW.MALLIGAIDENTAL.COM
WWW.MALLIGAIDENTALACADEMY.COM
Straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lingual orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
In order to solve the serious problems of traditional surgical
orthodontic treatment, a new approach was adopted:
the first step is OGS, and this is followed by orthodontic alignment. This approach is named as Surgery First Orthognathic Approach (SFOA)
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
lingual appliance in orthodontics.
a recent advancement in orthodontics.
invisible orthodontics.
invisible braces.
invisible braces for adults.
adult orthodontics.
braces for adults.
Lingual orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lingual orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Torque in p.e.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Introduction
Historical Perspectives
Creation of tip-edge
Tip –edge concepts
Bonding and setting up
Treatment stages
Stage I
Stage II
Torque in tip-edge
Stage III
Advantages
Disadvantages
Case reports
Articles
Conclusion
References
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Vision of the founder:
Malligai Dental Academy Was founded by Major.Dr.PravinPrathip.J in the year 2013. He is an Ex-Indian Army Dental Corps officer.
His vision for this academy is to help the clinicians to understand the core concept of Implantology, Endodontics and Orthodontics in every day dental practice and to elevate the level of patient care by continuing dental education for the dentist and provide a greater satisfaction level for the patients and to take the art and science of dentistry to next level for future generations
To spread the awareness of this vision he has created multiple slides on various topics in Orthodontics, Endodontics ,Periodontics, Pedodontics and other dental subjects for the General Practitioner in his busy schedule to learn a few things.
To Join our Courses Pls contact us at
Malligai Dental Hospital located in West Mambalam Chennai was serving the patients since 2009 September. In a very short span of 7 years our hospital has gained 9th rank in the top 10 ranking of Healthcare Providers conducted by All India Times of India Survey. In a Modest attempt to improve the knowledge and awareness among the people, Major Dr Pravin Has initiated the set of slides on the commonly occurring dental problems. We have simplified the concept by what? How? what to do? Why to do? Where to go? If you like these slides kindly share the slides in your FB and other media so that you would understand about your dental problems and also find the best solutions.
For a World class Dental Treatments in the city of Chennai , the best dentist in the city of Chennai and West Mambalam Ashok nagar area
Please contact us at
Malligai Dental Hospital
107 lake view Road
West Mambalam
Chennai 600033
Malligai dental hospital -Ashoknagar branch
G1 Chandra flats
23/49 Ashok Nagar 7th avenue (next to sangamam hotel)
Chennai- 600083.
WWW.MALLIGAIDENTAL.COM
WWW.MALLIGAIDENTALACADEMY.COM
Straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lingual orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
orthodontic Brackets /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Prepared by Hisham Pasha N K
ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT ,E-ARCH, EDGEWISE, METALIC BRACKETS, BEGG APPLIANCE(1920), STEPS IN BONDING , etc
A seminar conducted by Dr.Sayyida.N.K @ Government Dental College, Calicut
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Vari simplex /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Varisimplex2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Vari simplex /fixed orthodontic courses /certified fixed orthodontic cours...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tip edge /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Management of cross bite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Pre prosthetic surgery /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Preprosthetic surgery /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
Expansion in orthodontics,/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Expansion with removable orthodontic appliance /certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Obturator seminar final /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rme slide /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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3. INTRODUCTION
• There are many patients who would
strongly benefit from better function,
healthier periodontal tissues, and
improved self-image if they had
orthodontic correction.
• Many of these patients never consider
orthodontics because of their
preconceived ideas of "tinsel teeth" and
"metal mouth"
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. HISTORY
• 1726 –An appliance on lingual surface of teeth by
PIERRE FAUCHARD
• 1841- first lingual arch for expansion and alignment of
teeth by PIERRE JOACHIM LEFOULON
• 1889 -a "lingual removable arch" by John Farrar.
• 1918 -Dr. John Mershon "The Removable Lingual Arch
as an Appliance for the Treatment of Malocclusion of the
Teeth".
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. • 1975, Dr. Craven
Kurz developed the
first true lingual
appliance
• He was orthodontist
assistant professor
of occlusion and
gnathology at the
UCLA School of
Dentistry
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. • The appliance
consisted of plastic
Lee Fisher brackets
bonded to the
lingual aspect of the
anterior dentition
and metal brackets
bonded to the
lingual aspect of the
posterior dentition
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. • This was a lingual bonded edgewise
appliance by modifying labial
appliances
• Dr. Kurz applied for a patent for the
Kurz Lingual Appliance on November
15, 1976
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. • 1979 --- Dr.Kinya Fujita introduced
Lingual bracket design and Mushroom
shaped arch wires AJO ,76; 657-
675,1979.
• The American Lingual Orthodontic
Association (ALOA) was established on
November 14, 1987
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Ideal Lingual cases
Non extraction cases
• Deep bite, class I with mild crowding
• Deep bite, class I with generalized spacing,
• Deep bite, mild class II ,
• Class II div 2 with retruded mandible
• Cases requiring expansion
• Consolidation (diastema) cases
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Ideal Lingual cases
Extraction cases
• Class II,maxillary first bicuspid and mandibular
second bicuspid extractions
• Maxillary first bicuspid only extractions
• Mild double protrusions with four first bicuspid
extractions, where in anchorage is not critical
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Difficult lingual cases
• a) Surgical cases
• b) Class II tendencies
• c) Class II four first bicuspids extraction
• d) Mesiofacial pattern and / or moderate
mandibular plane angle.
• e) Cases with multiple restorative work.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Cases contraindicated for
Lingual therapy
• Acute TMJ dysfunction
• Mutilated posterior occlusion
• High angle or dolicofacial patterns
• Extensive anterior prosthesis
• Short clinical crowns
• Critical anchorage cases
• Severe class II discrepancies
• Poor oral hygiene or Unresolved periodontal
involvement
• Inadaptable or demanding personality types
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. ORMCO (KRUZ) LINGUAL BRACKET
Generation # 1-1976
The first Kurz appliance was manufactured by ORMCO.
This appliance had flat maxillary occlusal bite plane from
canine to canine. The lower incisors and pre molar brackets
were low profile and half round. And there were no hooks
on any brackets.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. ORMCO (KRUZ) LINGUAL BRACKET
Generation # 2-1976
Hooks were added to all canine brackets.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. ORMCO (KRUZ) LINGUAL BRACKET
Generation #3-1981
Hooks were added to all anterior and premolar brackets.
The first molar had a bracket with an internal hook. The
second molar had a terminal sheath without a hook but
had a terminal recess for elastic traction.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. ORMCO (KRUZ) LINGUAL BRACKET
Generation # 4-1982-84
This generation saw the addition of a low profile anterior
inclined plane on the central and lateral incisor brackets.
Hooks were optional.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. ORMCO (KRUZ) LINGUAL BRACKET
Generation # 5-1985-86
The anterior Inclined plane became more pronounced, with an
increase in labial torque in the maxillary anterior region.The canine also
had an inclined plane. A transpalatal bar attachment was now
available for the first molar bracket.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. ORMCO (KRUZ) LINGUAL BRACKET
Generation # 6-1987-90
The inclined plane in the maxillary incisors became more square
in shape. Hooks on the anteriors and premolars were elongated. A
hinge cap, allowing ease of manipulation, was now available for
molar brackets.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. ORMCO (KRUZ) LINGUAL BRACKET
• 7th generation
– straight wire brackets
– .018’’ or .022’’
– Rounded facial
contours
– Large hook
– Rounded opening to
the slot
– Increased tie wing
area
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. ORMCO (KRUZ) LINGUAL BRACKET
– Bracket base is large
– Horizontal slot
– Bite plan in the upper
anterior brackets
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. • Molar brackets are
twin brackets with
mesial ball hooks.
• also brackets with
hinge cap molar
tube
• a special molar
bracket with
transpalatal sheath
Hinge-cup molar bracket
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Bracket design
• Hardened stainless
steel
• brackets for all the teeth
are of the same design
• differ only in the width
• brazed to a diffusion
bonded foil / mesh base
• The bonding base is
contour
• additional adaptation
can be done in the
laboratory
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. • 0.018” each wire slot
which parallels the
occlusal plane
• A bracket with a slot
size of 0.018” was
selected with two
criteria in mind.
1. It would conserve incisal
– gingival bracket
dimension
2. It would be compatible
with existing arch wires.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. • Maxillary anterior
brackets incorporate
bite plane designed
into the incisal edge of
the bracket the bite
plane in parallel to the
arch wire and the
occlusal plane.
– It assisted in opening
the bite.
– It redirected the forces
of occlusion to prevent
shearing of the bond
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. • A gingival ball hook
– 1. Elastic ligature
placement
– 2. Rotation control
– 3. Placement of intra
and intermaxillary
elastics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. highlights
• 1. Comfortable
– Reduced dimension,
– The lowest bracket profile of just 1.5mm
– Special rounded design
– Low friction ,low force hence reduced pain
• 2.Easy hygiene maintenance.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. • 3.Fast
– Passive ligation step with 0.3 mm clearance
between the slot base and the ligature wire
– Used with the " Light Lingual system " (gentle
forces)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. Fujita lingual bracket
• Based on an occlusal slot opening
• Brackets for the anterior teeth and premolars
have three slots: occlusal, lingual, and vertical.
• Molar brackets have five slots: one occlusal, two
lingual, and two vertical.
• Each of the three types of archwire slots
provides different capabilities for efficient tooth
movements.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. • The .019" × .019"
main occlusal slot
allows
easier archwire
insertion, seating,
and removal than
with lingually
opening slots
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. • Rotation control is more efficient with the
occlusal slot, since it requires only the
insertion of the light archwire, which produces
an action analogous to tipping with a labial
edgewise appliance
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. • The .018" × .018" lingual slot is generally
reserved for sliding mechanics such as partial
canine retraction
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. • The molar bracket has .028"
× .022" outer and .018" × .
018" inner lingual slots (“slot
in slot”).
The outer slot of the maxillary
molar bracket can engage a
transpalatal arch to retain an
expanded maxillary archn or
to inhibit extrusion of the
maxillary first molar during
leveling in dolichofacial
patients.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. • The .016" × .016"
vertical slot permits
the insertion of
auxiliary uprighting
springs or elastic
hooks on one or
more teeth at any
time during
treatment
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. UNITEK CONCEAL BRACKETS
Introduced by THOMAS CREEKMORES, AJO-DO Volume 1989 Aug (120 –
137)
instead of labiolingually
0.016’’ SLOT
Based on occlusal slot
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. • The first 1 mm of the
molar tube opens to
the occlusal aspect to
simplify arch wire
insertion.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. • Premolar bracket tie
wings project mesially
and distally instead of
labiolingually
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. • Conceal brackets are
designed around the
Unitwin bracket
"centered slot" concept
• The Unitwin bracket is,
in effect, a single
bracket without tie
wings in the center of a
0.045 inch twin bracket
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. • It uses the advantages of both single and
twin brackets by allowing maximum
interbracket distance for optimal tip and
torque functions, while providing twin tie
wings for rotation control
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. • The Conceal
system slot is
therefore 0.016 inch
horizontally and
0.022 inch vertically
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. • Each Conceal bracket
has three different slot
widths for the three
different functions
– TIP (A-B) 0.100 inch
– TORQUE (E-F) 0.070
inch
– ROTATION (C-F OR E-
D) 0.035 inch
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. Adenta- self ligating evolution
• Dr. Hatto Loidl, an
orthodontist from
Berlin,Germany and Mr.
Claus Schendell, owner
and engineer of adenta
GmbH, together
designed a new self-
ligating lingual bracket
and modified Hiro
system called the
Evolution slt bracket
system.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Highlights
• Self-ligating bracket
eliminates ligature ties
• Easy handling and
archwire changes
• Closing springs are
designed as bite planes
for the lower incisors
• Perfect transmission of
torque and angulation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Highlights
• One piece design
• Occousal archwire
insertion
• Significant reduction of
chair time
• Hygienic situation, the
occurrence of
decalcification is
dramatically reduced
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. Forestadent lingual brackets
• Easy to use
• Self ligating brackets
• An extremely low profile and are
barely noticeable for the patient.
• A vertical slot for fast and easy
archwire insertion.
• 2D-Lingual brackets for
Treating less complex cases.
• 3D torque lingual brackets for
for complex cases
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Phantom lingual attachements
“Ortendahl lingual system”
• First tooth colored self-
ligating bracket
• Made up of composite
polymer
• Manufactured by
GESTENCO
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. • Direct bonding with built
in placement jig
• Passive initially and
active later- when you
need it
• Tubes on premolars to
avoid speech impediment
• A replacement for
INVISALIGN
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. GAC –IN – OVATION L
• Twin self - ligating lingual
bracket system
• Provides full functionality
throughout of course of
treatment
• Low profile
• Twin design with
interactive clip
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. • Passive function is achived
with a small diameter round
wire
• Expressive function with the
light seating a BIO FORCE
wire into the bases of slot so
programming may be
expressed and rotation are
corrected
• Active function by a full size
Beta –Ti wire
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. I braces (Incognito)
• Conceptualized by dr.
DIRK WIECHMANN
• Using state-of-the-art
CAD/CAM technology
• Based on digital
registration of the
malocclusion
situation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. I braces (Incognito)
• The brackets are then
individually designed and
optimally positioned in the
computer.
• State-of-the-art Rapid
Prototyping technology is
used for the actual
manufacturing of the
lingual brackets. www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. • Each bracket body is designed independently of
the bracket base, on which it is optimally
positioned.
• Filler spaces such as those occurring in the
individualized positioning of prefabricated
brackets can thus be avoided.
• This also makes the lingual appliance decidedly
more favorable for good oral hygiene.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. LINGUAL STRAIGHT WIRE
APPLIANCE
• Future of lingual
orthosontics
• Allows ease of flossing
• Without bite plane it is
easy to establish
adequate overbite during
detailing stage
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. • Opposite direction of wire
insertion helps in easy
rotation correction
• Easy of anterior
expansion
• Distance of contact point
from the wire long
enough to permit
proximal slicing without
removing wire
www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. Direct bonding
Gauges are available for direct bonding,
but bonding is difficult and not accurate
with this procedure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
59. The New Lingual Bracket Jig
(LBJ)
• The Lingual Bracket
Jig (LBJ ) was first
presented in ESLO
congress in Rome in
1998, and published
in JCO in 1999 (1)
• a precision device
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. The New Lingual Bracket Jig (LBJ)
• a simple direct bonding technique,
• and an in-office preparation for indirect bonding
of Lingual brackets, controlling tip, torque, in-out
and height of the brackets.
• The LBJ is suitable for Ormco Generation 7, STb
and Stealth (American Orthodontics) Lingual
brackets,
• and it fits for both 0.018" and 0.022" slot
brackets
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. The New Lingual Bracket Jig
(LBJ)
• The concept of the
LBJ is that it copies
the labial bracket
slot prescription and
translates it to the
lingual surface
www.indiandentalacademy.com
62. The New Lingual Bracket Jig
(LBJ)
• Prescription of the LBJ and brackets
mounted with the LBJ
www.indiandentalacademy.com
102. Indirect bonding techniques
• 1. TARG : (Torque Angulation Reference
Guide)
• 2. CLASS : ( The Customized Lingual
Appliance Set -up Service System )
• 3. The HIRO system
• 4. Ray set
www.indiandentalacademy.com
103. The TARG
• developed by
Ormco in 1984 for
lingual bracket
bonding
• Placing the lingual
brackets directly
onto the
malocclusion model
www.indiandentalacademy.com
104. • permits us to bond brackets in the
laboratory at an accurate distance from
the occlusal edge of each tooth with
respect to a horizontal occlusal plane.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
105. • The model is tipped
on the swivel base
until the long axis of
the labial face of the
tooth aligns with the
specific gauge
curvature at the
middle third of the
tooth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
106. • The gauge or torque
blade orientates the
tooth in its final
position.
• This orientation
allows us to
preprogram torque
and angulation (tip)
before starting the
treatment
www.indiandentalacademy.com
107. • After the TARG
horizontal blade is
engaged into the
bracket slot, it is
moved toward the
varnished plaster at
the bonding level
determined by the
laboratory
technician
www.indiandentalacademy.com
108. • The bracket is
bonded to the
plaster with a filled
resin, which allows
the gap between the
lingual tooth surface
and the metal base
of the bracket to be
completely filled
www.indiandentalacademy.com
109. • Once all the brackets are bonded to the
model, a transfer tray is fabricated.
• an accurate and quantified two-
dimensional system
• The torque, angulation (tip), and height
measurements are registered by the
technician.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
110. • TARG does not take
into account the
labiolingual
thickness of the
teeth.
• So it did not allow
preprogramming of
in and out bends for
individual teeth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
111. Fillion’s Lingual Indirect
Bonding System
• DIDIER FILLION
improved TARG in 1987
by adding an electronic
device to the machine
with the purpose of
measuring tooth labio-
lingual thickness
• This composed of two
elements—a Thickness
Measurement System
(adapted for the TARG)
and the DALI program
www.indiandentalacademy.com
112. • One end caliper
(MITUTOYO), is
engaged into the
bracket slot, and the
other one is applied
to the labial tooth
surface
www.indiandentalacademy.com
113. • For a selected height
bonding level, the
Thickness
Measurement System
records the thickness
(the width of the teeth
with bracket) of the six
anterior teeth.
• The greatest thickness
is chosen as the
standard thickness
www.indiandentalacademy.com
114. The Customized LingualAppliance Set-Up Service
(CLASS) System
• Account the anatomical discrepancies in the
lingual surfaces of the teeth
• First constructing an ideal diagnostic set-up from
a duplicate set-up model of the patient’s original
malocclusion.
• This ideal set-up or template is then used as a
physical guide to place the lingual brackets in an
ideal configuration.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
115. The Customized LingualAppliance Set-Up Service
(CLASS) System
• The brackets are placed on the diagnostic set-up using
composite adhesive, which acts as a spacer between the
metal mesh pad and the individual dental surfaces.
• After the brackets are placed on the ideal diagnostic set-
up, they are next transferred back to the malocclusion
cast.
• At this point, transfer trays are fabricated so the brackets
can be delivered clinically via the indirect bonding
method.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
116. . Transfer trays
• two-tray system processed on the Biostar
machine.
• The inner tray is a 1.5 mm Bioplast and
the outer tray is a 1.0 Biocryl.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
117. • first seat the Bioplast
tray and bend it as
needed to gain initial
placement
• Once each flexible
section is seated, the
hard acrylic tray is
immediately placed
over it and pressure is
applied to bring the
adhesive and dental
surfaces into complete
contact
www.indiandentalacademy.com
118. • The trays are
removed from the
model by soaking
the cast in warm
water for
approximately 30
minutes
www.indiandentalacademy.com
119. • the trays are
sectioned in two or
three pieces per
arch to allow the
clinician complete
control over the
clinical bonding
process
www.indiandentalacademy.com
120. Arch wires
• The main problem in the biomechanics of lingual
orthodontics is the short interbracket distances
• Biological tooth movement with a low and
continuous force and a constant moment/force
ratio in order to maintain a low stress/strain ratio
www.indiandentalacademy.com
121. • Two different ways
– INCREASE WIRE LENGTH
– USE ELASTIC WIRES
• Shape memory alloys are ideal materials
because they have low Young’s modulus,
present a very small stress/strain ratio,
and have a large cross-section of wire to
achieve a maximum of control
www.indiandentalacademy.com
122. • Mushroom shaped arch
wires.
• The compensatory first
order bends are placed
interproximally at cuspid
–bicuspid and bicuspid
–molar locations.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
123. Biomechanical advantage
• Point of application of
the force in relation to
the center of
resistance of teeth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
125. Vertical plane
• Maxillary incisors are best intruded along
their long axis into the broadest area of
alveolar process
www.indiandentalacademy.com
133. Vetical anchorage
• Buccal root torque
• Mesial tilted molars
• an intrusive force is applied to
the functional or lingual cusps
of the upper molars because
the appliance is placed near
these cusps.
• Therefore, the CO-CR
discrepancy caused by the
primarily initial contact and the
mandibular clockwise rotation
caused by the elongation of
molars are reduced.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
134. • The primary changes induced by the
lingual appliance can best be categorized
as those dynamic effects on vertical,
anteroposterior, and transverse planes.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
135. • Bite opening resulting from the lower
incisors occluding on the maxillary incisor
bracket bite planes
• In the low angle brachyfacial patterns
• posterior occlusion reestablishing in
approximately 3 to 4 months.
• In the mesiofacial and dolichofacial types
www.indiandentalacademy.com
136. vertical bowing effect
• Excessive force
• Upper anterior teeth tip
lingualy
• Premature contacts b/w
the bite plane and lower
anteriors
• Posterior disclussion
• Mesial tipping of the
posterior
www.indiandentalacademy.com
137. • Prevantive measures
• Reduce retraction force
• Placing glable bends and compensating
curve to increase intrusive force
• Place good lingual root torque in anterior
segment
• Highly resilient 0.017 X 0.025 TMA wires
• Medium sized outer bows of head gear
recommonded
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138. Transverse bowing effect
• Upper arch
• Retracting force with
head gear
• Distal rotating force on 1st
molars
• Widen in premolar area
and constrict in 2nd
molars
area
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139. • Prevantive measures
• Retractin wire with a compensating
bowing arch form distal to upper 1st
premolar
• Brackets placed slightly mesialy
• Brackets with small distal offset
• Transpalatal arch placed
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140. Leveling, Aligning, Rotational Control,
and Bite Opening
• The objectives of this initial phase of therapy are to:
• 1. initiate tooth movement with light forces,
• 2. provide for a period of patient adaptation,
• 3. eliminate rotations,
• 4. level and align individual arches to permit wire progression,
• 5. obtain initial torque control when required,
• 6. establish posterior anchorage units with buccal segments,
• 7. initiate posterior segment control with extraoral traction and
transpalatal arch when required,
• 8. reduce any excessive overbite, and
• 9. gain space for rotations and additional bracket bonding.
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141. • Anterior leveling
– Partial canine retraction: 0.016 TMA or lingual
arch
– Anterior leveling: 0.016 cu-NiTi or 0.017 x
0.017 cu-NiTi
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149. En masse retraction
• jsliding mechanics
• loop mechanics.
• Three
• different kinds of loops are commonly
used: closed helical loop , L-loop and T-
loop
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151. • Open bite cases with little need for upper
anterior torque control or active tipping of
anteriors;
• closure of small spaces.
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156. • When maximum anterior retraction is
needed while maintaining anterior torque;
• when active intrusion of anteriors is
indicated ; and
• in seventy percent of total extraction
cases.
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157. Sliding mechanics
– .016" TMA with Class I
elastic thread
– .017 x.025 TMA
– .016 X .022 SS lower arch
1. Minimum or moderate
anchorage cases with
upper second bicuspid
extraction
2. nervous patients who do
not want auxiliaries like
loops;
3. lower arch extraction
cases.
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158. • Class II elastics to a
bonded Debnam cleat.
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