Linear city
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Linear City, Garden City, and Broadacre City were three urban planning concepts proposed in the early 20th century. Ebenezer Howard conceived Garden City which proposed self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that would relieve overcrowding in cities. Frank Lloyd Wright envisioned Broadacre City which sought to decentralize cities by giving each American family a plot of land to live independently yet collectively on individual homesteads across the country.
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Patrick Geddes
Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner known as the "Father of Modern Town Planning". He introduced concepts like the "region" in architecture and planning. Geddes believed that a region influences and is influenced by the cities within it, represented by his "Geddian Trio" of activity, work, and place. He coined the term "conurbation" to describe merged cities and regions influenced by new transportation technologies. Some of Geddes' plans included the master plan for Tel Aviv which emphasized pedestrians, greenery, and civic spaces. He also developed the "constellation theory" of regional planning around groupings of interconnected cities.
Neighborhood planning case study
The document discusses the concepts and principles of neighborhood planning. It describes Clarence Perry's neighborhood unit model from the early 1900s which centered schools in neighborhoods and used arterial streets to define boundaries while prioritizing walkability. The purpose of neighborhood planning is to enable social interaction, share amenities, and ensure safety. Principles include limiting neighborhood size, using major roads as boundaries, internal street hierarchies, and dedicating 10% of land to open space. Southern Village in Chapel Hill, NC is provided as an example, being a 312-acre mixed-use development with housing, retail, offices, and civic spaces organized around a central green.
Elements of urban design
Urban design can significantly impact the economic, environmental, social, and cultural outcomes of a place. It influences factors like local business success, housing costs, transportation access, and how people interact. Key elements of urban design include buildings, public spaces, streets, transportation systems, and landscape features. Buildings define the streetscape while public spaces are where people come together. Streets connect places and their design impacts walkability. Transportation networks enable movement throughout the city. Landscape provides green spaces that enhance character and beauty.
Jane Jacobs- urban activist
Jacobs had no professional training in the field of city planning, nor did she hold the title of planner. Instead, she relied on her observations and common sense to show why certain places work, and what can be done to improve those that do not
Town planning concepts- le corbusier (with pics)
The Contemporary City for Three Million Inhabitants was Le Corbusier's first major urban planning project from 1922. It proposed a rigidly geometric and centralized city plan with vast open spaces covering 85-95% of the surface. The city consisted of concentric rectangular belts, with a central business district of tall cruciform towers and surrounding residential blocks of stacked duplexes with garden terraces. The project aimed to solve urban problems through standardization, increased densities, and separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic via an elevated highway system. Though utopian and not fully practical, it had a immense influence on 20th century ideas of the modern city.
Radburn city, vikas rathore
Radburn is a planned community located in New Jersey that was developed in the 1920s based on principles of separating pedestrian and vehicular traffic. It utilized superblocks with interior parks and a network of pedestrian paths to allow residents to access all community amenities without crossing streets. The community was designed with turned-around houses facing the pedestrian network and included single-family homes, row houses, apartments, parks, and a shopping center. While innovative at the time, some of Radburn's designs did not work as intended, such as underutilized front green spaces. However, Radburn demonstrated early principles of planning that focused on open space and community design, influencing later suburban development.
City Beautiful Movement
An Overview of the City Beautiful Movement - An architectural manifestation of the social response to failing urban life.
Contains details regarding the origin, key characteristics, architects and major cities involved, along with the following case studies :
- Mcmillan Plan
- Plan of Chicago and
- City of Minneapolis.
Neighbourhood unit (Clarence Perry)
Clarence Perry was an American urban planner who promoted the concept of the neighbourhood unit in the 1920s. He advocated for self-contained residential communities centered around a school, with arterial roads along the perimeter and a hierarchy of internal streets. Neighbourhood units were intended to be walkable, with amenities like parks, playgrounds, and shopping areas accessible within a quarter mile. The goal was to improve quality of life by fostering social interaction and providing safe spaces separated from traffic and industrial areas. Perry's model influenced planning in U.S. cities in the early 20th century.
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Patrick Geddes
Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner known as the "Father of Modern Town Planning". He introduced concepts like the "region" in architecture and planning. Geddes believed that a region influences and is influenced by the cities within it, represented by his "Geddian Trio" of activity, work, and place. He coined the term "conurbation" to describe merged cities and regions influenced by new transportation technologies. Some of Geddes' plans included the master plan for Tel Aviv which emphasized pedestrians, greenery, and civic spaces. He also developed the "constellation theory" of regional planning around groupings of interconnected cities.
Neighborhood planning case study
The document discusses the concepts and principles of neighborhood planning. It describes Clarence Perry's neighborhood unit model from the early 1900s which centered schools in neighborhoods and used arterial streets to define boundaries while prioritizing walkability. The purpose of neighborhood planning is to enable social interaction, share amenities, and ensure safety. Principles include limiting neighborhood size, using major roads as boundaries, internal street hierarchies, and dedicating 10% of land to open space. Southern Village in Chapel Hill, NC is provided as an example, being a 312-acre mixed-use development with housing, retail, offices, and civic spaces organized around a central green.
Elements of urban design
Urban design can significantly impact the economic, environmental, social, and cultural outcomes of a place. It influences factors like local business success, housing costs, transportation access, and how people interact. Key elements of urban design include buildings, public spaces, streets, transportation systems, and landscape features. Buildings define the streetscape while public spaces are where people come together. Streets connect places and their design impacts walkability. Transportation networks enable movement throughout the city. Landscape provides green spaces that enhance character and beauty.
Jane Jacobs- urban activist
Jacobs had no professional training in the field of city planning, nor did she hold the title of planner. Instead, she relied on her observations and common sense to show why certain places work, and what can be done to improve those that do not
Town planning concepts- le corbusier (with pics)
The Contemporary City for Three Million Inhabitants was Le Corbusier's first major urban planning project from 1922. It proposed a rigidly geometric and centralized city plan with vast open spaces covering 85-95% of the surface. The city consisted of concentric rectangular belts, with a central business district of tall cruciform towers and surrounding residential blocks of stacked duplexes with garden terraces. The project aimed to solve urban problems through standardization, increased densities, and separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic via an elevated highway system. Though utopian and not fully practical, it had a immense influence on 20th century ideas of the modern city.
Radburn city, vikas rathore
Radburn is a planned community located in New Jersey that was developed in the 1920s based on principles of separating pedestrian and vehicular traffic. It utilized superblocks with interior parks and a network of pedestrian paths to allow residents to access all community amenities without crossing streets. The community was designed with turned-around houses facing the pedestrian network and included single-family homes, row houses, apartments, parks, and a shopping center. While innovative at the time, some of Radburn's designs did not work as intended, such as underutilized front green spaces. However, Radburn demonstrated early principles of planning that focused on open space and community design, influencing later suburban development.
City Beautiful Movement
An Overview of the City Beautiful Movement - An architectural manifestation of the social response to failing urban life.
Contains details regarding the origin, key characteristics, architects and major cities involved, along with the following case studies :
- Mcmillan Plan
- Plan of Chicago and
- City of Minneapolis.
Neighbourhood unit (Clarence Perry)
Clarence Perry was an American urban planner who promoted the concept of the neighbourhood unit in the 1920s. He advocated for self-contained residential communities centered around a school, with arterial roads along the perimeter and a hierarchy of internal streets. Neighbourhood units were intended to be walkable, with amenities like parks, playgrounds, and shopping areas accessible within a quarter mile. The goal was to improve quality of life by fostering social interaction and providing safe spaces separated from traffic and industrial areas. Perry's model influenced planning in U.S. cities in the early 20th century.
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This document discusses elements of city planning and urban land use patterns. It describes key components of a city plan including communications, transportation, public services, and amenities. It summarizes various models of urban land use patterns proposed by theorists like Burgess, Hoyt, and Harris-Ullman. It also describes characteristics of different urban land uses such as residential, commercial, industrial zones and the central business district. Key challenges faced in urban planning related to housing, transportation and land use are highlighted.
Urban morphology, elements of urban design
This document provides an overview of urban design topics including urban morphology, elements of urban design, and the nature of urban design projects in public and private developments. It defines urban morphology as the study of the form and development of human settlements. It then discusses some key elements of urban design like buildings, public spaces, streets, transportation, and landscaping. Finally, it describes how urban design projects are carried out through public-private partnerships, with the private sector taking on financial and operational risks and the public sector providing funding or subsidies.
Radiant city
The Radiant City plan proposed by Le Corbusier involved rebuilding cities using modern construction methods. It centered around large, pre-fabricated apartment buildings called les unites that would house thousands of residents. Les unites would be placed on stilts above the ground and connected by interior streets and elevators. Transportation and industry would be separated onto different roadway levels. However, critics argue that while Corbusier advocated for certain individual freedoms and leisure activities, his vision actually involved a paternalistic and bureaucratic form of authority that did not allow for individual voice or non-rational human behavior. His conception of a rationally-planned city did not account for the complexity and unpredictability of human nature.
City beautiful and broadacre city
The City Beautiful movement arose in the late 19th century as an effort to introduce beautification and grandeur to cities through Neoclassical and Beaux-Arts architecture. Planners like Daniel Burnham wanted to replace railway depots with grand entrances, build attractive bridges, and develop boulevards to address traffic issues and house the wealthy. Though some aspects like Manila's American-style post office emerged in the Philippines, the movement declined by 1909 as being too expensive and impractical. Frank Lloyd Wright later proposed Broadacre City as a vision of low-density, automobile-centered suburbia where each family would own an acre, but it failed to account for large population growth and environmental impacts of urban sprawl
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This document discusses the key elements of urban design: buildings, public spaces, streets, transport, and landscape. It provides examples for each element. Buildings shape urban spaces and give a sense of place. Public spaces are living rooms of the city where people gather. Streets connect spaces and are defined by their dimensions, scale, and surrounding buildings. Transport networks enable movement throughout cities. Landscape includes green spaces like parks and trees that provide contrast. Together these elements are woven into the overall urban design structure.
Paris- town planning
Under Emperor Napoleon III, Baron Haussmann oversaw a massive urban renewal project in Paris from 1853-1870. He demolished narrow, winding medieval streets and replaced them with wide boulevards and public parks. This modernized Paris and improved sanitation, traffic flow, and military defense. It also changed the city's architectural landscape, social geography, and aesthetic identity. Haussmann's renovations transformed Paris into the iconic city known today.
Sir ebenezer howard
Sir Ebenezer Howard was a pioneer of town planning who developed the concept of the garden city. He was influenced by the overcrowding and poor conditions he witnessed in cities like London and Chicago. Howard proposed that towns and countryside each had benefits and drawbacks, but that a new type of settlement combining their advantages could be created. This was the garden city - a self-contained community surrounded by greenbelt land, with proportionate areas for housing, industry and agriculture. The first examples of garden cities were Letchworth and Welwyn, which aimed to provide the benefits of both urban and rural living.
City Beautiful
The first large-scale elaboration of the City Beautiful occurred in Chicago at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. The planning of the exposition was directed by architect Daniel Burnham, who hired architects from the eastern United States, as well as the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to build large-scale Beaux-Arts monuments that were vaguely classical with uniform cornice height. The exposition displayed a model city of grand scale, known as the "White City", with modern transport systems and no poverty visible. The exposition is credited with resulting in the large-scale adoption of monumentalism for American architecture for the next 15 years. Richmond, Virginia's Monument Avenue is one expression of this initial phase.
Characteristics of urban design
This document summarizes characteristics of urban design presented by Nguyen Dang Phuong Linh at Hanoi Architectural University in 2014. It discusses three main characteristics: 1) spatial orientation and human scale in design, 2) time orientation and how buildings represent different eras, and 3) people and landscape environment, including the importance of social factors, green space, and public spaces that are accessible to all.
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Radiant city
Le Corbusier designed the unrealized Radiant City project in 1930 which sought to improve urban living standards. The design had strict zoning with segregated areas for housing, business, and industry connected by underground transit. Housing would be in tall, standardized residential towers set amongst green spaces. Though never built, the Radiant City influenced many later projects seeking efficient urban planning and design through order and separation of functions.
Neighbourhood Concept
The document discusses the concept of the neighborhood unit plan proposed by Clarence Perry in the 1920s. The key aspects of Perry's plan included:
1) Neighborhoods of a fixed size to support one elementary school
2) Boundaries defined by arterial streets to discourage through traffic
3) Open spaces like parks and playgrounds making up 10% of the area
4) Community facilities like schools and shops located near the center
5) An internal street network to facilitate circulation within the neighborhood
New Urbanism.pptx
New Urbanism is a planning movement that began in the 1980s as an alternative to post-war suburban sprawl. It aims to create more walkable and diverse neighborhoods with a mix of housing types and good connectivity through interconnected streets. The principles of New Urbanism emphasize traditional neighborhood structure with a discernible center and edges, mixed land uses within a 10-minute walk, and pedestrian-friendly design with buildings close to the street. If implemented well, New Urbanism seeks to raise quality of life through sustainable community design.
Patrick geddes theory
This document provides information about Sir Patrick Geddes, a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist, and pioneering town planner. It discusses his influential thinking in fields like urban planning and sociology. Some of Geddes' key contributions mentioned include introducing the concept of "region" to architecture and planning, coining the term "conurbation" to describe merged urban areas, and founding the Scots College international teaching establishment. The document also outlines some of Geddes' principles for urban planning projects in places like Bombay and his concepts around the relationships between a place, its folk/people, and their work.
History & Theory of Planning: The City Beautiful
The document discusses the City Beautiful movement which emerged in the late 19th century. It aimed to beautify American cities through neoclassical civic design including grand boulevards, public buildings, and parks. Key examples discussed are the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago which popularized the City Beautiful ideal, and Kansas City's implementation of this approach through a comprehensive park and boulevard system designed by George Kessler. The 1909 Plan of Chicago by Daniel Burnham and Edward Bennett also sought to beautify the city through similar civic improvements and create a more functional transportation network. However, critics argued that City Beautiful planning focused too much on aesthetics and wealthy areas, neglecting social and housing issues.
Le corbusier
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, known as Le Corbusier, was a pioneering modern architect and urban planner. He developed several influential urban planning concepts including the Radiant City, Plan Voisin for Paris, and the Linear City. Le Corbusier went on to design the city of Chandigarh in India according to principles of modern architecture and urban planning, dividing it into sectors with ample green space and separating types of traffic. His master plan for Chandigarh included the Capitol Complex, City Centre, and other zones organized according to his theories.
City beautiful movement
The City Beautiful Movement sought to beautify American cities in the late 19th/early 20th century through monumental architecture and planning inspired by European styles. Reformers believed beautifying cities could inspire civic duty and morality among residents. Daniel Burnham was a leading architect who helped plan the 1893 World's Fair and 1901 plan for Washington D.C., spreading Beaux-Arts styles. He designed skyscrapers like the Flatiron Building and co-authored Chicago's 1909 plan, establishing himself as a pioneer of American city planning before dying in 1912.
Image of city
The document discusses elements of urban design that shape cities, including buildings, public spaces, streets, landscape, and their interrelationships. It also summarizes Kevin Lynch's book "The Image of the City", which examines how residents mentally map their city based on paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. Finally, it provides examples of these elements in Mysore, India, highlighting landmarks like the Ambavilas Palace, focal points like Chamaraja Circle, and the city's planned layout with vistas, public squares, and response of buildings to the street network.
Planning concepts
The document discusses several important planning concepts including:
1) Garden City Concept by Ebenezer Howard which proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living.
2) Geddesian Triad by Patrick Geddes which emphasized the organic relationship between social, physical, and economic environments in planning.
3) Neighborhood Unit concept by Clarence Perry which proposed planning residential areas with schools, parks, and shops at their core to create self-sufficient neighborhoods.
4) Radburn Concept by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright which pioneered the separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic in planned communities.
Radburn
Radburn was a planned community developed in 1929 in New Jersey as a response to rapid urbanization. It included single family homes, row houses, apartments and amenities across 149 acres. Key features included separating pedestrian and vehicle networks using cul-de-sacs and footpaths, orienting homes around common green spaces rather than facing streets, and organizing commercial areas at block intersections. While innovative at the time, some elements like underused front green spaces and preferences for more private yards led to some failures in implementation. Overall though, Radburn demonstrated an early model for planned communities that influenced later suburban developments.
Strong motion
1) Strong ground motion refers to the strong earthquake shaking that occurs close to the causative fault (within about 50 km). It is recorded using accelerometers.
2) Starting in 1976, IIT Roorkee operated a network of over 200 analog strong motion accelerographs across northern India to record strong ground motion.
3) Key ground motion parameters used in structural design include peak ground acceleration (PGA), response spectra, and acceleration time histories. PGA measures the largest acceleration, while response spectra show maximum response of structures of varying frequencies.
Urban legislation
This document provides definitions and abbreviations for various types of urban settlements based on population size. It then summarizes the core objectives, functions, and structure of urban local governance in India. The structure discusses municipal corporations, councillors, mayors, and nagar panchayats. It also briefly outlines some other municipal bodies like notified areas and town area committees. The document concludes by listing several key urban development schemes in India.
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Elements of city plan 3 unit
This document discusses elements of city planning and urban land use patterns. It describes key components of a city plan including communications, transportation, public services, and amenities. It summarizes various models of urban land use patterns proposed by theorists like Burgess, Hoyt, and Harris-Ullman. It also describes characteristics of different urban land uses such as residential, commercial, industrial zones and the central business district. Key challenges faced in urban planning related to housing, transportation and land use are highlighted.
Urban morphology, elements of urban design
This document provides an overview of urban design topics including urban morphology, elements of urban design, and the nature of urban design projects in public and private developments. It defines urban morphology as the study of the form and development of human settlements. It then discusses some key elements of urban design like buildings, public spaces, streets, transportation, and landscaping. Finally, it describes how urban design projects are carried out through public-private partnerships, with the private sector taking on financial and operational risks and the public sector providing funding or subsidies.
Radiant city
The Radiant City plan proposed by Le Corbusier involved rebuilding cities using modern construction methods. It centered around large, pre-fabricated apartment buildings called les unites that would house thousands of residents. Les unites would be placed on stilts above the ground and connected by interior streets and elevators. Transportation and industry would be separated onto different roadway levels. However, critics argue that while Corbusier advocated for certain individual freedoms and leisure activities, his vision actually involved a paternalistic and bureaucratic form of authority that did not allow for individual voice or non-rational human behavior. His conception of a rationally-planned city did not account for the complexity and unpredictability of human nature.
City beautiful and broadacre city
The City Beautiful movement arose in the late 19th century as an effort to introduce beautification and grandeur to cities through Neoclassical and Beaux-Arts architecture. Planners like Daniel Burnham wanted to replace railway depots with grand entrances, build attractive bridges, and develop boulevards to address traffic issues and house the wealthy. Though some aspects like Manila's American-style post office emerged in the Philippines, the movement declined by 1909 as being too expensive and impractical. Frank Lloyd Wright later proposed Broadacre City as a vision of low-density, automobile-centered suburbia where each family would own an acre, but it failed to account for large population growth and environmental impacts of urban sprawl
Elements of Urban Design
This document discusses the key elements of urban design: buildings, public spaces, streets, transport, and landscape. It provides examples for each element. Buildings shape urban spaces and give a sense of place. Public spaces are living rooms of the city where people gather. Streets connect spaces and are defined by their dimensions, scale, and surrounding buildings. Transport networks enable movement throughout cities. Landscape includes green spaces like parks and trees that provide contrast. Together these elements are woven into the overall urban design structure.
Paris- town planning
Under Emperor Napoleon III, Baron Haussmann oversaw a massive urban renewal project in Paris from 1853-1870. He demolished narrow, winding medieval streets and replaced them with wide boulevards and public parks. This modernized Paris and improved sanitation, traffic flow, and military defense. It also changed the city's architectural landscape, social geography, and aesthetic identity. Haussmann's renovations transformed Paris into the iconic city known today.
Sir ebenezer howard
Sir Ebenezer Howard was a pioneer of town planning who developed the concept of the garden city. He was influenced by the overcrowding and poor conditions he witnessed in cities like London and Chicago. Howard proposed that towns and countryside each had benefits and drawbacks, but that a new type of settlement combining their advantages could be created. This was the garden city - a self-contained community surrounded by greenbelt land, with proportionate areas for housing, industry and agriculture. The first examples of garden cities were Letchworth and Welwyn, which aimed to provide the benefits of both urban and rural living.
City Beautiful
The first large-scale elaboration of the City Beautiful occurred in Chicago at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. The planning of the exposition was directed by architect Daniel Burnham, who hired architects from the eastern United States, as well as the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to build large-scale Beaux-Arts monuments that were vaguely classical with uniform cornice height. The exposition displayed a model city of grand scale, known as the "White City", with modern transport systems and no poverty visible. The exposition is credited with resulting in the large-scale adoption of monumentalism for American architecture for the next 15 years. Richmond, Virginia's Monument Avenue is one expression of this initial phase.
Characteristics of urban design
This document summarizes characteristics of urban design presented by Nguyen Dang Phuong Linh at Hanoi Architectural University in 2014. It discusses three main characteristics: 1) spatial orientation and human scale in design, 2) time orientation and how buildings represent different eras, and 3) people and landscape environment, including the importance of social factors, green space, and public spaces that are accessible to all.
20 Urban Renewal Projects
We find urban renewal projects to be both fascinating and inspirational. They showcase amazing creativity and reviltalise neglected neighbourhoods, underused waterfronts or even entire cities. Here’s a list of 20, about half of which are just getting started.
Radiant city
Le Corbusier designed the unrealized Radiant City project in 1930 which sought to improve urban living standards. The design had strict zoning with segregated areas for housing, business, and industry connected by underground transit. Housing would be in tall, standardized residential towers set amongst green spaces. Though never built, the Radiant City influenced many later projects seeking efficient urban planning and design through order and separation of functions.
Neighbourhood Concept
The document discusses the concept of the neighborhood unit plan proposed by Clarence Perry in the 1920s. The key aspects of Perry's plan included:
1) Neighborhoods of a fixed size to support one elementary school
2) Boundaries defined by arterial streets to discourage through traffic
3) Open spaces like parks and playgrounds making up 10% of the area
4) Community facilities like schools and shops located near the center
5) An internal street network to facilitate circulation within the neighborhood
New Urbanism.pptx
New Urbanism is a planning movement that began in the 1980s as an alternative to post-war suburban sprawl. It aims to create more walkable and diverse neighborhoods with a mix of housing types and good connectivity through interconnected streets. The principles of New Urbanism emphasize traditional neighborhood structure with a discernible center and edges, mixed land uses within a 10-minute walk, and pedestrian-friendly design with buildings close to the street. If implemented well, New Urbanism seeks to raise quality of life through sustainable community design.
Patrick geddes theory
This document provides information about Sir Patrick Geddes, a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist, and pioneering town planner. It discusses his influential thinking in fields like urban planning and sociology. Some of Geddes' key contributions mentioned include introducing the concept of "region" to architecture and planning, coining the term "conurbation" to describe merged urban areas, and founding the Scots College international teaching establishment. The document also outlines some of Geddes' principles for urban planning projects in places like Bombay and his concepts around the relationships between a place, its folk/people, and their work.
History & Theory of Planning: The City Beautiful
The document discusses the City Beautiful movement which emerged in the late 19th century. It aimed to beautify American cities through neoclassical civic design including grand boulevards, public buildings, and parks. Key examples discussed are the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago which popularized the City Beautiful ideal, and Kansas City's implementation of this approach through a comprehensive park and boulevard system designed by George Kessler. The 1909 Plan of Chicago by Daniel Burnham and Edward Bennett also sought to beautify the city through similar civic improvements and create a more functional transportation network. However, critics argued that City Beautiful planning focused too much on aesthetics and wealthy areas, neglecting social and housing issues.
Le corbusier
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, known as Le Corbusier, was a pioneering modern architect and urban planner. He developed several influential urban planning concepts including the Radiant City, Plan Voisin for Paris, and the Linear City. Le Corbusier went on to design the city of Chandigarh in India according to principles of modern architecture and urban planning, dividing it into sectors with ample green space and separating types of traffic. His master plan for Chandigarh included the Capitol Complex, City Centre, and other zones organized according to his theories.
City beautiful movement
The City Beautiful Movement sought to beautify American cities in the late 19th/early 20th century through monumental architecture and planning inspired by European styles. Reformers believed beautifying cities could inspire civic duty and morality among residents. Daniel Burnham was a leading architect who helped plan the 1893 World's Fair and 1901 plan for Washington D.C., spreading Beaux-Arts styles. He designed skyscrapers like the Flatiron Building and co-authored Chicago's 1909 plan, establishing himself as a pioneer of American city planning before dying in 1912.
Image of city
The document discusses elements of urban design that shape cities, including buildings, public spaces, streets, landscape, and their interrelationships. It also summarizes Kevin Lynch's book "The Image of the City", which examines how residents mentally map their city based on paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. Finally, it provides examples of these elements in Mysore, India, highlighting landmarks like the Ambavilas Palace, focal points like Chamaraja Circle, and the city's planned layout with vistas, public squares, and response of buildings to the street network.
Planning concepts
The document discusses several important planning concepts including:
1) Garden City Concept by Ebenezer Howard which proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living.
2) Geddesian Triad by Patrick Geddes which emphasized the organic relationship between social, physical, and economic environments in planning.
3) Neighborhood Unit concept by Clarence Perry which proposed planning residential areas with schools, parks, and shops at their core to create self-sufficient neighborhoods.
4) Radburn Concept by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright which pioneered the separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic in planned communities.
Radburn
Radburn was a planned community developed in 1929 in New Jersey as a response to rapid urbanization. It included single family homes, row houses, apartments and amenities across 149 acres. Key features included separating pedestrian and vehicle networks using cul-de-sacs and footpaths, orienting homes around common green spaces rather than facing streets, and organizing commercial areas at block intersections. While innovative at the time, some elements like underused front green spaces and preferences for more private yards led to some failures in implementation. Overall though, Radburn demonstrated an early model for planned communities that influenced later suburban developments.
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More from Arvinder Singh
Strong motion
1) Strong ground motion refers to the strong earthquake shaking that occurs close to the causative fault (within about 50 km). It is recorded using accelerometers.
2) Starting in 1976, IIT Roorkee operated a network of over 200 analog strong motion accelerographs across northern India to record strong ground motion.
3) Key ground motion parameters used in structural design include peak ground acceleration (PGA), response spectra, and acceleration time histories. PGA measures the largest acceleration, while response spectra show maximum response of structures of varying frequencies.
Urban legislation
This document provides definitions and abbreviations for various types of urban settlements based on population size. It then summarizes the core objectives, functions, and structure of urban local governance in India. The structure discusses municipal corporations, councillors, mayors, and nagar panchayats. It also briefly outlines some other municipal bodies like notified areas and town area committees. The document concludes by listing several key urban development schemes in India.
Smart cities
Smart cities aim to use information and communication technologies to improve efficiency and sustainability in urban areas while reducing costs. Sensors around the city monitor various factors and transmit data to authorities to facilitate better planning. Technologies used include CCTV, traffic sensors, and crime prediction software. At the proposed GIFT City in Gujarat, a smart waste management system uses underground pipes and plasma incineration to efficiently dispose of waste and generate power. The smart city development models include retrofitting existing areas, redeveloping areas over 50 acres, and greenfield development on over 250 acres of vacant land.
Water filtration
The document summarizes various steps in water treatment:
Screening removes large debris from surface water. Sedimentation allows particles in water to settle out under gravity. Coagulation uses chemicals to induce settling of fine particles. Filtration separates solids from liquids by passing water through filter media. Slow sand filters treat surface water over 1-2 meters of sand. Chlorination adds chlorine to kill microbes and prevent waterborne diseases.
Pumps and pumping stations
The document discusses different types of pumps used for groundwater irrigation including centrifugal pumps with volute impellers, submersible pumps, turbine pumps, and rotary pumps. It also describes tubewells, which are wells equipped with pumps, as a reliable way to access groundwater for irrigation even during drought periods. Tubewells come in screen type and strainer type designs.
Earthquake damages
The document summarizes seismic damages from the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in India. It killed over 13,000 people and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes. Common failures of reinforced concrete structures included soft stories, floating columns, strong column weak beam configurations, mass and plan irregularities, poor construction materials and techniques, and pounding between adjacent buildings. Soft story failures occurred particularly in buildings with large ground floor openings. Floating columns and strong column weak beam designs led to column failures. Masonry structures commonly experienced out-of-plane wall failures, in-plane shear failures, connection failures between walls and floors, diaphragm failures, and failures around wall openings.
Introduction to earthquake
The document provides an overview of earthquakes and seismology. It discusses key topics such as:
- Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates.
- The movement of tectonic plates is driven by convection currents in the earth's mantle. As plates move against each other, strain builds up at plate boundaries and is released through earthquakes.
- India experiences earthquakes due to its location in a seismically active zone where the Indian plate is moving northward into the Eurasian plate. The country is divided into several seismic zones based on expected earthquake intensities.
Layout for town development
The document discusses the gridiron plan, a city plan where streets intersect at right angles to form a grid. It also mentions three city grids shown at the same scale with differences in their dimensions and layouts.
History of town planning
The document provides a brief history of urban development from early settlements like Catal Hyuk in modern-day Turkey and cities in Mesopotamia. It then mentions some famous ancient structures including the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt and settlements in Deir el medina, Egypt as well as the Port of Athens and the city of Miletos. Finally, it notes the urban development of cities during the Roman period.
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reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
Method of technical Drawing of prisms,and cylinders.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Horizon Generation
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
rock mass characterization and New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
DfMAy 2024 - key insights and contributions
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Recently uploaded (20)
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf
BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Linear city
- 2. Linear City
- 5. Garden City
Editor's Notes
- The linear city was an urban plan for an elongated urban formation. The city would consist of a series of functionally specialized parallel sectors. Generally, the city would run parallel to a river and be built so that the dominant wind would blow from the residential areas to the industrial strip. The sectors of a linear city would be: a purely segregated zone for railway lines, a zone of production and communal enterprises, with related scientific, technical and educational institutions, a green belt or buffer zone with major highway, a residential zone, including a band of social institutions, a band of residential buildings and a "children's band", a park zone, and an agricultural zone with gardens and state-run farms
- The linear city design was first developed by Arturo Soria y Mata in Madrid, Spain during the 19th century Soria theorised a single developed strip in the north east of Madrid City of no more than 500 metres in width, with a central tram and roadway and residential and commercial plots on either side of stipulated size and separated by smaller streets, at the intersections of which there would be kiosks and shops, and in the centre of which there would be schools, hospitals, courtrooms and so on as need determined
- The garden city movement is a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. His idealised garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of 6,000 acres (2,400 ha), planned on a concentric pattern with open spaces, public parks and six radial boulevards, 120 ft (37 m) wide, extending from the centre. The garden city would be self-sufficient and when it reached full population, another garden city would be developed nearby. Howard envisaged a cluster of several garden cities as satellites of a central city of 58,000 people, linked by road and rail.
- Broadacre City was an urban or suburban development concept proposed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Broadacre City was the antithesis of a city and the apotheosis of the newly born suburbia, shaped through Wright's particular vision. It was both a planning statement and a socio-political scheme by which each U.S. family would be given a one acre (4,046.86 m²) plot of land from the federal lands reserves, and a Wright-conceived community would be built anew from this. In a sense it was the exact opposite of transit-oriented development. There is a train station and a few office and apartment buildings in Broadacre City, but the apartment dwellers are expected to be a small minority. All important transport is done by automobile and the pedestrian can exist safely only within the confines of the one acre (4,046.86 m²) plots where most of the population dwells.