The document discusses several forms of African music including maracatu, blues, soul, spirituals, and call and response. Maracatu originated in Brazil and combines strong African rhythms with Portuguese melodies. Blues originated in African American communities in the Deep South and uses soulful sounds to express feelings like lost love. Soul music combines elements of gospel, rhythm and blues, and jazz with catchy rhythms and dancing. Spirituals are religious songs that were sung by enslaved Africans with dramatic vocal styles. Call and response uses distinct musical phrases between musicians to comment on each other.

1. VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC
🞭 MARACATU – first surfaced in the African
state of Pernambuco, combining the strong
rhythms of African percussion instruments
with Portuguese melodies. The maracatu
groups were called “nacoes” (nations) who
paraded with drumming ensemble numbering
up to 100, accompanied by a singer, chorus,
and a coterie of dancers. (Maracatu Dance)

2. MACARATU EXAMPLE

3. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS USED IN MARACATU
🞭Alfaia Drum
🞭Tarol
🞭Agbe Shekere
🞭Caixa
🞭Miniero or Ganza
🞭Gongue

4. BLUES
🞭 A musical form of the late 19th century that has
had deep roots in African – American
communities. These communities are located in
the so-called “Deep South” of the United States.
The slaves and their descendants used to sing
as they worked in the cotton and vegetable
fields.
🞭 The notes of blues create expressive and
soulful sound. The feelings that are evoked are
normally associated with slight degrees of
misfortune, lost in love, frustration, or loneliness.

5. BLUES MUSIC
🞭Early Mornin’ , A House is Not a
Home , and Billie’s Blues.
🞭Noted performers of the Rhythm
and Blues genre are Ray Charles,
James Brown, Cab Calloway,
Aretha Franklin, and John Lee
Hooker and more.

6. BLUES MUSIC EXAMPLE

7. SOUL
🞭 Soul Music was a popular music genre of
the 1950’s and 1960’s. It originated in the
United States. It combines elements of
African – American gospel music, rhythm and
blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms
are accompanied by handclaps and
extemporaneous body moves which are
among its important features.

8. 🞭Brown was known as the
“Godfather of Soul.”
🞭Sam Cookie and Jackie Wilson
are acknowledged as “Soul
forefathers.”
🞭Soul music are the ff: Ain’t No
Mountain High enough, Ben, All I
could Do is Cry, Soul to Soul, and
Becha by Golly, and Wow.

9. Soul MUSIC EXAMPLE

10. SPIRITUAL
🞭 The term spiritual, normally associated with a
deeply religious person, refers here to a Negro
Spiritual, a song form by African migrants to
America who became enslaved by its white
communities.
🞭 The texts are mainly religious, sometimes taken
from psalms of Biblical Passages. The Vocal
inflections, Negro accents, and dramatic
dynamic changes add to the musical interest
and effectiveness of the performance.

11. SPIRITUAL MUSIC
🞭We are Climbing Jacob’s Ladder
🞭Rock My Soul
🞭When the Saints Go Marching In
🞭Peace Be Still

12. CALL AND RESPONSE
🞭 The call and response method is a
succession of two distinct musical phrases
usually rendered by different musicians,
where the second phrase acts a direct
commentary on or response to the first.
🞭 It also forms a strong resemblance to the
verse-chorus form in many vocal
compositions.

13. CALL AND RESPONSE SONGS
🞭Mannish Boy – a signature song
by Muddy Waters
🞭School Day – Ring, Ring goes the
bell by Chuck Berry.