This document discusses various Afro-Latin American and African musical genres and their origins, including styles from Nigeria, Brazil, Jamaica, Cuba, and elsewhere. It notes genres like afrobeat that fuse West African and black American music, apala from Nigeria, axé from Brazil influenced by Caribbean styles, and jive and juju from South Africa. Reggae from Jamaica incorporated mento as well as calypso, African, and American jazz styles. Salsa comprises genres like son montuno and chachacha. Soca originated as a fusion of calypso with Indian rhythms. Vocal forms discussed include spirituals and blues from African-American communities in the Deep South.

1. AFRO-LATIN
AMERICAN AND
POPULAR MUSIC

2. TRADITIONAL MUSIC
OF AFRICA

4. AFROBEAT- is a term used to describe the fusion of West
African with black American music.
APALA(AKPALA)- is a musical genre from Nigeria in the
Yoruba tribal style, used to wake up the worshippers after
fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
Percussion instrumentation includes:
• rattle(sekere)
• Thumb piano (agidigbo)
• Bell (agogo)
• 2 or 3 talking drums

5. AXE- is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and
Brazil. It fuses the afro-Caribbean styles on the marcha, reggae,
and calypso, and is played by carnival bands.
JIT- is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music
played on drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by
mbira-based guitar styles.
JIVE- is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively
and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.

6. JUJU- is a popular style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional
Yoruba rhythms, where the instruments are more Western in
origin.
KWASSA kwassa- is a dance style begun in Zaire in the late
1980’s, popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the
hips move back and forth while the arms follow the hip
movements.
MARABI- is a South African three-chord township music of the
1930s-1960’s which evolved in African jazz.

7. LATIN AMERICAN
MUSIC INFLUENCED
BY AFRICAN MUSIC

8. REGGAE- is a Jamaican musical style that was strongly influenced
by the island’s traditional mento music, as well as by calypso,
African music, Americn Jazz, and rhythm and blues.
SALSA- is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It
comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son
montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero.
SAMBA- is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style.
SOCA- is also known as “ soul of calypso”. It originated as a fusion
of calypso with Indian rhythms.

9. WERE- is Muslim music often
performed as a wake-up call for early
breakfast and prayers during Ramadan
celebrations.
ZOUK- is fast, carnival like rhythmic
music, from the Creole slang word for
“party”.

10. VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN
MUSIC

11. Maracatu- first surface in the African state of
Penambuco, combining the strong rhythms of
African persussion instruments with
Portuguese melodies. The maracatu groups
were called nacoes (nations) who paraded with
a drumming ensemble numbering up to 100,
accompanied by a singer, a chorus, and a
coterie of dancers.

12. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS USED IN
MARACATU

13.  The maracatu uses mostly percussion
instruments such as alfaia, tarol, Caixa-de-
Guerra, gongue, agbe, and miniero.
Alfaia Tarol Caixa Gongue Agbe Miniero
or Ganza

14. Blues- is a musical form of the late 19th century
that had deep roots in African-American
communities. These community were located
in the so called ‘Deep Douth”.
Soul- popular music genre of the 1950s and
1960s. It originated in the United States, and
combined elements of African-American gospel
music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz.

15. Spiritual- The term spiritual normally associated
with a deeply religious person. In music however,
it refers to a song form, known as “Negro spiritual”,
sung by African slaves in America who became
enslaved by its white communities.
Call and Response method is a succession of two
distinct musical phrases usually rendered by
different musicians, where the second phrase acts
as direct commentary on or response to the first.