3. Music of Africa
Historical and Cultural Background of African Music
Singing, dancing, hand clapping, and the beating of
drums are essential to many ceremonies : birth, death,
initiation, marriage and funerals.
Important to religious expression and political events.
It has great influences on global music ( contemporary
American, Latin American, and European styles)
Hand clapping is the basic rhythmic accompaniment of
nomadic tribes.
4. Music of Africa
CHARACTERISTIC OF AFRICAN MUSIC
Music in an integral part of the lives of African Music.
T
raditional African Music is functional in nature
and has no system of notation.
Performing African music is communal activity.
Music serves as a communication with the spirit
world through shamans and witch doctors.
6. D:FilesDesktop filesMODULE OF GRADE 10MUSIC 10 videosThe Polyphonic
Singing of the Aka Pygmies of Central Africa (1).mp4
7. Traditional Music of Africa
APALA
Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal
style to wake up the worshippers after fasting
during the Muslim holy
Instrumentation includes
feast of Ramadan.
the rattle(sekere),
thumb piano (agidigbo), bell ( agogo) and two
or three talking drums.
8. TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF
AFRICA
AXE
Popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia and Brazil. It
fuses the Afro-Carribean styles of the marcha, reggae and
calypso.
Jit
Hard and fast Zimbabwean dance music played on drums
with guitar accompaniment.
9. Traditional Music of Africa
Jive- Lively and uninhibited variation of jitterbug
Juju
Popular style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional
Yoruba rhythms.
Kwassa Kwassa
Shake your booty dance style begun in Zaire in the late
80’s.
10. Music of Africa
Marabi
Characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and
repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the
dances more time on the dance floor.
Reggae- Jamaican sound dominated by bass and guitar chops
associated with Rastsafarian religion.
11. Music of Africa
Salsa- Afro-Cuban music.
Samba-Typifies most Brazilian music
Soca- Modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music
combining “soul” and “calypso” music.
12. Were- Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for
early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebration.
Zouk- Fast, carnival-like rhythmic music from the Creole slang
word for “party” Originating in the Carribean Islands of
Guadalupe and Martinique.
14. LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC BY AFRICAN
MUSIC
1. Reggae
Reggae is a Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar and
drums. It refers to a particular music style that was strongly
influenced by traditional mento and calypso music, as well
as American jazz, and rhythm and blues. The most
recognizable musical elements of reggae are its offbeat
rhythm and staccato chords.
15. LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC BY AFRICAN
MUSIC
2. Salsa
Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian
dance music. It comprises various musical genres
including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha,
chachacha, mambo and bolero.
16. LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC BY AFRICAN
MUSIC
3. Samba
Samba is the basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music. It is a
lively and rhythmical dance and music with three steps to every bar, making the
Samba feel like a timed dance. There is a set of dances—rather than a single
dance—that define the Samba dancing scene in Brazil. Thus, no one dance can be
claimed with certainty as the “original” Samba style.
4. Soca Soca
is a modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining “soul” and “calypso”
music.
5.Were This is Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early breakfast
and prayers during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses
the African and European music styles with particular usage of the natural
harmonic series.
17. LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC BY AFRICAN
MUSIC
6. Zouk
Zouk is fast, carnival-like hythmic music, from the Creole
slang word for ‘party,’ originating in the Carribean Islands of
Guadaloupe and Martinique and popularized in the 1980’s. It
has a pulsating beat supplied by the gwo ka and tambour bele
drums, a tibwa rhythmic pattern played on the rim of the
snare drum and its hi-hat, rhythm guitar, a horn section, and
keyboard synthesizers.
18. LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC BY AFRICAN
MUSIC
2. SALSA
Salsa music is
Colombian dance
Cuban, Puerto Rican, and
music. It comprises various
musical genres including the Cuban son montuno,
guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero.
19. Vocal Forms of African Music
1. Maracatu
Surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining
the strong rhythms of African percussion instruments with
Portugese melodies. It uses mostly percussion instruments
such as the alfaia, tarol, and caixa-de-Guerra, gongue,
agbe, and miniero.
Noted performers of the Rhythm and Blues genre are Ray
Charles, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, and
John Lee Hooker; as well as B.B. King, Bo Diddley,
20. 2. Blues
Musical form of the late 19th century that has
had deep roots in African-American
communities ( “Deep South” of the United
States). Slaves used to sing as they worked in
the cotton and vegetable fields.
21. The form of the blues is characterized by
specific chord progression. The twelve-bar
blues is the most common form. The notes
of the blues are normally flattened or
gradually bent.
22. 3. Soul
It combines elements of African-American gospel
music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The
catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps and
extemporaneous body moves which are among its
important features.
Brown was known as the “Godfather of Soul,”
while Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also often
acknowledged as “soul forefathers.” Examples of
soul music are the following: Ain’t No Mountain
High Enough, Ben, All I Could Do is Cry, Soul to
Soul, and Becha by Golly, Wow.
23. 5. Other characteristics include call and
response between soloist and the chorus,
and an especially tense and powerful vocal
sound.
24. WAKO WAPI
WANAFUNZI WAKO
WAPI WALIMU
WAKO WAPI
WAZAZI WAKO WAPI
KWANZA TUWAONE, PILI
TUWASIKIE, TATU NI VITENDO,
YA INNE NI FURAHA.
IYE NI WEMA IYE - OH YEAH , ITS GOOD OHYEAH.
SHULE NI WEMA - SCHOOL IS GOOD/MAMBO SAWA -
25. RHYTHMIC PATTERN USED BY AFRICAN
a. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
b. a. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
c. a. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
d. a. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
26. African music is rhythmic and percussive.
Varieties of African musical instruments and ensembles are
brought about by diversity of it’s people and availability of
resources.
Music in many African cultures is used to communicate
every task, call to war, religious events.
Musical Instruments of Africa
27. Musical Instruments of Africa
IDIOPHONES
1. Xylophone: Balafon
2. Rattles( made of shells, tin, animal hoofs, horn, wood,
metal, bells, cocoons, palm kernels, or tortoise shells)
3. Agogo(bell)- has the highest pitch of any of the bacteria
instruments.
28. Musical Instruments of Africa
4. Rasps- a hand percussion instrument whose
sound is produced by scraping a group of notched
sticks with another stick, creating a series of
rattling effects.
29. Musical Instruments of Africa
5. Drums ( slit or log)
Slit drum- hollow percussion instrument, although
known as a drum, it is not a true drum.
Long drum- best known is the West African djembe, log
drum.
30. Musical Instruments of Africa
6. Atingting Kon (Slit gong)- They were used to
communicate between villages.
31. Musical Instruments of Africa
B. MEMBRANOPHONES
Examples of these are found in the different
localities:
Entenga ( Ganda)
Dundun (Yoruba)
Atumpan (Akan)
Ngoma (Shona)
32. Musical Instruments of Africa
1. Body Percussion
2. Talking Drum
C. LAMELLAPHONE- a set of plucked keys mounted on a
sound board, known by different names according to the
regions such as mbira, karimba, kisaanj, likembe.
33. Musical Instruments of Africa
D. CHORDOPHONES-
D1. Musical bow- Earth bow
, mouth bow and the
resonator-bow are the principle types of musical bows.
D2. Harp
D3. Lute ( konting, khalam, and the nkoni)
D4. Zither
34. Musical Instruments of Africa
AEROPHONES- Flutes in various sizes and shapes ( Fulani
flutes ). Panpipes and Horns( Kudo horns)
