Text as connected discourse

1. Topic: Text as a Connected Discourse
Reading and Writing

2. Introduction
Contents
01
Connected
Discourse
02
Text
03
Reading
04
Writing
05
Types of Reading
06

3. What is Discourse?
The term discourse has many meanings and
definitions. Discourse was first interpreted as
dialogue – an interaction between a speaker and a
listener. Thus, discourse referred to authentic daily
communications, mainly oral, included in the wide
communicative context.

4. What is a Text?
A text can be defined as an object that can be read,
whether it is a work of literature, a lesson written on the
blackboard, or a street sign. It is a coherent set of signs
that transmits some kind of informative message.

5. What is the difference between a Text and
a Discourse?
TEXT DISCOURSE
It is made up of sentences It is the use of such sentences.
A text is made up of sentences
having the property of
grammatical cohesion
A discourse is made up of
utterances having the property of
coherence.
TEXT is defined in terms of its
being a physical product.
Meaning is not found in text
DISCOURSE is viewed as a
process. Meaning is derived
through the reader’s interaction
with the text.

6. What makes TEXT a
Connected Discourse?
Text becomes A connected
discourse when
WE READ AND WRITE!

7. What is Reading?
Key concept Reading is one of the four
language skills, which are:
Listening, Speaking,
Reading, and Writing.

8. What is Reading?
Key concept
READING is a cognitive process of
decoding symbols to derive meaning
from a text. It is always an interaction
between the text and the reader. We
read to gain and share information
and ideas, whether for academic,
personal, or professional purposes.

9. What is Reading?
Key concept
Reading can be silent (in our
head) or oral/aloud (so that
other people can hear).

10. Why is reading
important?
1.Reading is fundamental to functioning
in today's society.
2. Reading is a vital skill in finding a good
job.
3.it develops the mind.
4. It is how we discover new things.
5. Reading develops the imagination.
6. Reading develops the creative side of
people
7. Reading is fundamental in developing a
good self-image.

11. Why is reading
important?
8. Good reading skills, especially in
a phonics reading program, improve
spelling.
9. Reading is important because
words - spoken and written - are the
building blocks of life.

12. Types of
Reading

13. 1. Scanning
- This is looking over a text quickly to get
a specific piece of information.

14. 2. Skimming
- Looking over the text quickly to get a general
idea of the content. Your eyes move quite fast,
taking in titles of chapters, their beginnings and
ends, and the first sentences of paragraphs.

15. 3. Sub-vocalization
- This is reading very slowly and methodically,
either saying the words out loud or at least with a
‘voice’ in your head. It is painstaking but very slow.
We tend to use it when trying out a recipe for the
first time, or carrying out instructions as to how to
assemble something we’ve bought.

16. 4. Light Reading
This is reading fairly quickly without concentrating
too hard or worrying about every single word.
We often use it when reading an enjoyable novel.

17. 5. Study Reading
Study reading involves thinking about what is being
read so that it is understood and can be recalled.
It needs to be worked at, with time for reflection,
thought, analysis, criticism, comparison, notes made,
points highlighted and emphasized, arguments
followed and evaluated, the whole summarized.

18. What is Writing?
Key concept
"Writing" is the process of using
symbols (letters of the alphabet,
punctuation and spaces)
to communicate thoughts and ideas
in a readable form.

19. What is Writing?
Key concept
Generally, we write using a
pen/pencil (handwriting) or a
keyboard (typing).

20. What is Writing?
Key concept
A writer may write for personal
enjoyment or use, or for an
audience of one person or more.
The audience may be known
(targeted) or unknown.

21. Taking notes for
study purposes is
an example of
writing for one's
self.
Blogging
publicly is an
example of
writing for an
unknown
audience.
A letter to a
friend is an
example of
writing for a
targeted
audience.
As with
speaking, it is
important to
consider your
audience when
writing. There
are many
different styles
of writing, from
informal to
formal.
01
02 03
04
Examples

22. Why is writing
important?
• Writing is the primary basis upon which
your work, your learning, and your
intellect will be judged—in college, in
the workplace, and in the community.
• Writing expresses who you are as a
person.
• Writing is portable and permanent. It
makes your thinking visible.
• Writing helps you move easily among
facts, inferences, and opinions without
getting confused—and without confusing
your reader.

23. Why is writing
important?
• Writing promotes your ability to pose
worthwhile questions.
• Writing fosters your ability to explain a
complex position to readers, and to
yourself.
• Writing helps others give you feedback.
• Writing helps you refine your ideas when
you give others feedback.

24. Why is writing
important?
• Writing requires that you anticipate your
readers’ needs. Your ability to do so
demonstrates your intellectual flexibility
and maturity.
• Writing ideas down preserves them so
that you can reflect upon them later.
• Writing out your ideas permits you to
evaluate the adequacy of your argument.
• Writing stimulates you to extend a line of
thought beyond your first impressions or
gut responses.

25. Why is writing
important?
• Writing equips you with the
communication and thinking skills you
need to participate effectively in
democracy.
• Writing is an essential job skill.