The document discusses the concept of self and self-perception, emphasizing the distinction between real self and ideal self, and how this discrepancy can lead to discomfort. It outlines the importance of positive regard, self-esteem, and self-actualization in personal development, highlighting the stages of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Additionally, it describes characteristics of self-actualized individuals, including moral development, openness, and a positive outlook on life.

1. Discovering Oneself
Val Ed 1
Instructor:

2. DESCRIBE YOURSELF

4. The self is made up of
many self-perceptions,
abilities, and personality
characteristics that are
organized and consistent
with one another.

5. Rogers 1953
•Contends that self-concept
plays an important role in
personality because it
influences human behaviors,
feelings, and thoughts.

6. What is Self-concept?

7. Characteristics of:

8. Characteristics of:

9. REAL SELF versus IDEAL
SELF

10. Discrepancy in Self-concept
Rogers (1953) states there is usually a
contradiction or discrepancy between the
real self and the ideal self. This difference
may result in discomfort and personality
problems which can be resolved by paying
more attention to one’s actual experiences,
working more at positive experiences, and
paying less attention to the expectations of
others.

12. POSITIVE REGARD
•Is believed to be important for the healthy
development of one’s self-concept and for
successful interpersonal relationships
(Liebert & Spiegler, 1994)
•Positive regards includes love, sympathy,
warmth, acceptance, and respect with
which people crave from family, friends,
and other significant people.

13. CONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD
•Refers to positive regard received
as a result of acceptable behaviour
or living up to the expectations and
standards of others.
•For example, a teacher may reward
students for passing the test.

14. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE
REGARD
•On the other hand refers to the love
and acceptance by a person
regardless of who he/she is or what
he/she does. For instance, parents
may still love and respect their
child even if the child flunks an
exam.

15. SELF-ESTEEM

16. SELF-ESTEEM
•Personality and social development
refer to how a person’s sense of self-
identity, relationships with others,
and skills necessary for social
interactions evolve.
•Self-esteem is the level of importance
attributed to oneself and one’s
abilities.

17. •One may put a high value or a low
value on his/her worth as a person.
In many ways, self-esteem relates
to a person’s attractiveness and
social competence.
•It is likewise associated with
important positive or negative
outcomes.

18. •One should strive to develop a high
self-esteem because it determines
his/her kind of personal and social
relationships. Holding good feelings
about oneself results in flexibility and
adaptability to situations and people.
•On the other hand, a low-self esteem
may lead to poor social relationships.

19. Self-Actualization
Human possess an inner drive to grow, improve, and use
their potential to the fullest (Plotnik, 2014). The final stage
in completed growth is known as self-actualization or self-
fulfillment.
• According to Abraham Maslow (1943), a self-actualizing
person has reached the highest level or peak of his/her
personal development and has fully realized his/her
potential as a human being.
• The self-fulfilled person is generally happy, generous
with his/her time and effort to help others, and strives
for the common good for his/her family, community,
country, and even humanity.

20. LABEL IT!
Hierarchy of Needs

22. FIRST LEVEL (Physiological Needs)
It is for survival comprised of
food, water, shelter, clothing,
and sleep.

23. SECOND LEVEL ( SAFETY AND
SECURITY NEEDS
This stage involves health and well-
being, property, social stability, and
protection from harm, among others.

24. THIRD LEVEL (LOVE AND
BELONGINGNESS)
Adults and adolescence who are
starting to look for serious
relationships are particularly
concerned with satisfying the
needs at this level.

25. FOURTH LEVEL (ESTEEM NEEDS)
It contains items such as
achievement, competency,
approval, recognition, and respect
from others.

26. FINAL LEVEL (SELF
ACTUALIZATION NEEDS)
Included in this level are morality,
realization of the purpose in life,
meaning, inner potentials, and the
like.
This level aims for the full
development of one’s unique
potentials.

27. Characteristics of Self-actualized
Persons
They have a reached high level of moral
development and are more concerned with the
welfare of loved ones, friends, and humanity in
general than themselves.
They are open, honest, and have the courage to
act on their convictions, even if it makes them
unpopular.

28. They have an accurate, concrete, and
realistic- rather than a romanticized-view
of people and life, and yet they are positive
about life.
Life is always challenging and fresh to self-
actualizing individuals.

29. One key action to fully satisfy
your needs at each stage and to
achieve self-actualization is to
study hard. In the process, you
acquire a big stock of knowledge,
as well as develop the necessary life
skills which will help you achieve
your goals.