The document discusses population management policies in the Indian state of Kerala. It notes that Kerala has experienced one of the greatest declines in fertility rates in India, with women having an average of 2 children, similar to rates in the UK. This is attributed to factors like high literacy rates, especially for women (85% literacy for women in Kerala), greater educational and work opportunities for women, later ages of marriage, improved access to healthcare and family planning, and greater legal rights and financial independence for women. The empowerment of women has been a major factor in Kerala's success in lowering its population growth rate.