The document discusses the impact of public funding on the development of nanotechnology in Quebec, Canada and the US based on a comparison study. It presents the motivation, theoretical framework, data and methodology, hypotheses, econometric models and regression results of the study. The study finds that public funding has a positive impact on research outputs like papers and patents, but the impacts vary between contracts/grants and the different regions studied. Network characteristics are also found to positively influence research outputs.
Diakun, A. (2015) - Clearing the Air on %22Geoengineering%22 and Intellectual...Aladdin Diakun
This document provides a summary of a master's thesis that develops a framework for evaluating intellectual property rights (IPRs) concerns related to climate engineering (CE) research and governance. The author first provides an overview of CE, focusing on categories (carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management) and governance challenges. They then examine how patents and trade secrets could impact CE research and governance generally, as well as for specific interventions like direct air capture, ocean iron fertilization, and stratospheric aerosol spraying. Finally, the author proposes evaluating IPRs appropriateness based on technology-specific challenges, distribution of risks/benefits, and incentivizing research. The goal is to help researchers and policymakers think more clearly about
This document discusses potential opportunities for transatlantic research collaboration between Dutch and US institutions on clean energy and smart grid technologies. It identifies over 1700 Dutch and 3300 US researchers active in the field across various clusters. Examples of areas of collaboration could include battery modeling (TU Eindhoven and NIST), solar fuels research (TU Delft, Princeton, Stanford with ARPA-E funding), and smart grid infrastructure modeling (TU Delft's Powerweb program and work by NIST/Carnegie Mellon on a "Smart Grid in a Room" testbed). Next steps proposed include identifying viable joint projects and applying for funding from sources like NSF, ARPA-E, and EU programs.
The presentation I held at #ocg12, based on the paper "The case for an open science in technology enhanced learning" by P. Kraker, D. Leony, W. Reinhardt, and G. Beham
Beaudry, Schiffauerova & Moazami_The scientific and technological nanotechnol...Ne3LS_Network
This document describes a study comparing nanotechnology innovation networks in Quebec, Canada and the United States. The study analyzes collaboration networks constructed from co-authorship data of scientific articles and co-inventorship data of patents. It aims to test hypotheses about the role of international linkages, differences between academic and non-academic actors, and differences between regions. The methodology involves constructing collaboration networks from databases of over 748,000 scientific articles and 240,000 patents, and analyzing the network structures to test the hypotheses.
The Web in Science and Research: A tour through four topicsOpen Knowledge Maps
Slides to my talk at the KMi Podium on July 24, 2012. The video can be found here: http://stadium.open.ac.uk/stadia/preview.php?s=29&whichevent=2011&option=both&record=0
Assessing the diffusion of nanotechnology in turkeydarvishrd
This document summarizes a study assessing the diffusion of nanotechnology in Turkey through social network analysis. The study analyzed bibliographic data from 2000-2010 from Bilkent University and Hacettepe University to map co-authorship networks and identify productive authors. It found the universities had different research topics with little shared activities. Central authors in each network helped boost the diffusion of nanotechnology information.
Research Discovery, Social Networks and VIVO Simon Caton
This document summarizes a presentation about research discovery tools and social networks. It discusses how the research process has changed over time with the rise of data sharing and increased complexity of scientific problems. It introduces VIVO, a research discovery tool that creates a virtual organization of researchers and research activities through linked open data. VIVO produces HTML and RDF representations of research profiles and can generate visualizations like co-author and co-funding networks to examine relationships over time. The presentation highlights collaboration between various universities and organizations to augment data and build the VIVO community.
Diakun, A. (2015) - Clearing the Air on %22Geoengineering%22 and Intellectual...Aladdin Diakun
This document provides a summary of a master's thesis that develops a framework for evaluating intellectual property rights (IPRs) concerns related to climate engineering (CE) research and governance. The author first provides an overview of CE, focusing on categories (carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management) and governance challenges. They then examine how patents and trade secrets could impact CE research and governance generally, as well as for specific interventions like direct air capture, ocean iron fertilization, and stratospheric aerosol spraying. Finally, the author proposes evaluating IPRs appropriateness based on technology-specific challenges, distribution of risks/benefits, and incentivizing research. The goal is to help researchers and policymakers think more clearly about
This document discusses potential opportunities for transatlantic research collaboration between Dutch and US institutions on clean energy and smart grid technologies. It identifies over 1700 Dutch and 3300 US researchers active in the field across various clusters. Examples of areas of collaboration could include battery modeling (TU Eindhoven and NIST), solar fuels research (TU Delft, Princeton, Stanford with ARPA-E funding), and smart grid infrastructure modeling (TU Delft's Powerweb program and work by NIST/Carnegie Mellon on a "Smart Grid in a Room" testbed). Next steps proposed include identifying viable joint projects and applying for funding from sources like NSF, ARPA-E, and EU programs.
The presentation I held at #ocg12, based on the paper "The case for an open science in technology enhanced learning" by P. Kraker, D. Leony, W. Reinhardt, and G. Beham
Beaudry, Schiffauerova & Moazami_The scientific and technological nanotechnol...Ne3LS_Network
This document describes a study comparing nanotechnology innovation networks in Quebec, Canada and the United States. The study analyzes collaboration networks constructed from co-authorship data of scientific articles and co-inventorship data of patents. It aims to test hypotheses about the role of international linkages, differences between academic and non-academic actors, and differences between regions. The methodology involves constructing collaboration networks from databases of over 748,000 scientific articles and 240,000 patents, and analyzing the network structures to test the hypotheses.
The Web in Science and Research: A tour through four topicsOpen Knowledge Maps
Slides to my talk at the KMi Podium on July 24, 2012. The video can be found here: http://stadium.open.ac.uk/stadia/preview.php?s=29&whichevent=2011&option=both&record=0
Assessing the diffusion of nanotechnology in turkeydarvishrd
This document summarizes a study assessing the diffusion of nanotechnology in Turkey through social network analysis. The study analyzed bibliographic data from 2000-2010 from Bilkent University and Hacettepe University to map co-authorship networks and identify productive authors. It found the universities had different research topics with little shared activities. Central authors in each network helped boost the diffusion of nanotechnology information.
Research Discovery, Social Networks and VIVO Simon Caton
This document summarizes a presentation about research discovery tools and social networks. It discusses how the research process has changed over time with the rise of data sharing and increased complexity of scientific problems. It introduces VIVO, a research discovery tool that creates a virtual organization of researchers and research activities through linked open data. VIVO produces HTML and RDF representations of research profiles and can generate visualizations like co-author and co-funding networks to examine relationships over time. The presentation highlights collaboration between various universities and organizations to augment data and build the VIVO community.
CZECH NANO SHOW - Marketa Borovcova - CEITEC Jan Fried
CEITEC is a scientific center in Brno, Czech Republic focused on life sciences, advanced materials, and technologies. Its aim is to establish itself as a recognized European center of science through collaboration. It has over 110 researchers across 9 groups studying advanced nanotechnologies and microtechnologies and 78 researchers across 4 groups studying advanced materials. CEITEC collaborates with universities, research institutes, and companies both within the Czech Republic and internationally. It produces scientific publications, receives research grants, and has launched its first startup company based on a patented interferometric imaging system.
This document provides a summary of a presentation given by Matthew Todd on open science and open source approaches to research and drug discovery. Some key points discussed include:
- Natural human behaviors like curiosity and collaboration can lead to extraordinary scholarship such as the discovery of new things through crowdsourcing and open collaboration.
- Open access to publications and data maximizes the benefits of research by allowing broad dissemination and reuse of information. However, current policies often emphasize intellectual property protection over openness.
- Open source approaches to problems in areas like software and drug discovery can lower barriers to participation and involve more people in solving challenges.
- Open source drug discovery projects for malaria have explored several compound series through open online collaboration and data sharing
TNC2012 Federated and scholarly identity - match made in heaven?Gudmundur Thorisson
This document discusses federated identity and scholarly identity. It provides an overview of scholarly identity and challenges related to name ambiguity and fragmented online identities. It then describes the Open Researcher & Contributor ID (ORCID) initiative, which aims to provide unique identifiers for researchers and link them unambiguously to their works. ORCID currently has over 300 participating organizations and is working to support the creation of a clear record of scholarly contributions through unique identifiers. Examples of how ORCID could enable knowledge discovery by linking contributors to their works are also provided.
Lecture for a course at NTNU, 27th January 2021
CC-BY 4.0 Dag Endresen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-5497
See also http://bit.ly/biodiversityinformatics
https://www.gbif.no/events/2021/lecture-ntnu-gbif.html
Understanding the Big Picture of e-ScienceAndrew Sallans
E-science involves large-scale collaborative research enabled by new technologies like high-speed networks and cheap data storage. It produces massive amounts of complex data from areas like climate modeling, particle physics experiments, biomedical research grids, and citizen science projects. This represents a major change for research that requires new infrastructure, expertise, and approaches. Universities like UVA are responding by establishing research computing support services in their libraries to help scientists with the computational and data aspects of e-science throughout the research lifecycle.
This document summarizes a presentation by Nicole Nogoy from GigaScience about their journal, data platform, and database for large-scale data. GigaScience aims to enable more open access, collaboration and data sharing across disciplines by deconstructing research papers and providing credit for data, software and other digital outputs. It utilizes a big data infrastructure to integrate open access publishing with data and software publishing platforms. Examples are provided of data sets and analyses that have been published through GigaScience to maximize reuse and reproducibility.
Scott Edmunds: Channeling the Deluge: Reproducibility & Data Dissemination in...GigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
Scott Edmunds talk at the 7th Internation Conference on Genomics: "Channeling the Deluge: Reproducibility & Data Dissemination in the “Big-Data” Era. ICG7, Hong Kong 1st December 2012
"
The half-yearly R&D report from St. Martin's Engineering College summarizes research activities from July 2022 to December 2022. Key highlights include:
- Faculty published 96 journal papers, with 22 in SCI/SCOPUS journals and 1 in a UGC Care journal. 26 papers were accepted and 148 were submitted.
- 26 patents were published and 95 were filed, with 87 filed by the college and 8 by individuals.
- 38 books were published across departments.
- 31 ideas were submitted to MSME for funding.
- Various events were held, including on IPR, seminars, conferences, and MOU signings.
- Departmental presentations provided
Andrew Hufton is a professional scientific editor with a passion for promoting open science and FAIR data sharing. He worked on digital sequence information policy issues as part of the WiLDSI project for parts of 2021 and 2022. Andrew is currently the Editor-in-Chief of the Biotechnology Journal and Advanced Genetics. Previously, he launched and led the journal Scientific Data. He has a Ph.D. in Genetics from Stanford University and has published research on topics in developmental biology, bioinformatics and genome evolution.
OII Summer Doctoral Programme 2010: Global brain by Meyer & SchroederEric Meyer
The document discusses how technology is driving research to become more collaborative globally through distributed and networked tools. It examines several case studies where technologies enabled large-scale collaborative research projects that addressed questions too big for individual labs. These include distributed computing for particle physics, genomic studies, and proteomics. Challenges discussed include interoperability, data sharing policies, and sustaining momentum in infrastructure.
Scott Edmunds talk at AIST: Overcoming the Reproducibility Crisis: and why I ...GigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
This document discusses the growing reproducibility crisis in scientific research and proposes open data and transparent methods as solutions. It notes several studies finding a lack of reproducibility in published research due to inaccessible data and methods. Consequences of this include a large and growing number of retractions as well as perceptions that some regions have higher rates of fraudulent research due to lack of transparency. The document argues that open data, software and peer review can help address these issues by enabling credit for sharing and reusing research objects. Examples of initiatives that aim to reward open practices and improve reproducibility through open data publishing and peer review are also provided.
OpenTox - an open community and framework supporting predictive toxicology an...Barry Hardy
This document discusses OpenTox, an open source framework for predictive toxicology. OpenTox aims to address challenges of data integration by providing a common framework, standards, and tools to integrate diverse data sources and predictive models. It discusses knowledge sharing approaches and applications developed within OpenTox, including for chemical structure curation, (Q)SAR model building and validation, and integrated analysis of experimental data. The document outlines ongoing work to develop ToxBank, a data warehouse to support predictive toxicology research through unified data access and integrated analysis.
This document summarizes a project funded by the National Science Foundation that aims to prepare 45 New York City middle school science teachers to integrate information and communication technologies (ICTs) into their classrooms. The project is a collaboration between New York Institute of Technology and Utah State University. It uses photosynthesis as an example to engage students in scientific inquiry while cultivating new literacies through the use of digital technologies.
Metadata and Semantics Research Conference, Manchester, UK 2015
Research Objects: why, what and how,
In practice the exchange, reuse and reproduction of scientific experiments is hard, dependent on bundling and exchanging the experimental methods, computational codes, data, algorithms, workflows and so on along with the narrative. These "Research Objects" are not fixed, just as research is not “finished”: codes fork, data is updated, algorithms are revised, workflows break, service updates are released. Neither should they be viewed just as second-class artifacts tethered to publications, but the focus of research outcomes in their own right: articles clustered around datasets, methods with citation profiles. Many funders and publishers have come to acknowledge this, moving to data sharing policies and provisioning e-infrastructure platforms. Many researchers recognise the importance of working with Research Objects. The term has become widespread. However. What is a Research Object? How do you mint one, exchange one, build a platform to support one, curate one? How do we introduce them in a lightweight way that platform developers can migrate to? What is the practical impact of a Research Object Commons on training, stewardship, scholarship, sharing? How do we address the scholarly and technological debt of making and maintaining Research Objects? Are there any examples
I’ll present our practical experiences of the why, what and how of Research Objects.
Riding the wave - Paradigm shifts in information accessdatacite
The document discusses the paradigm shifts in scientific information access over time from empirical observation to computational simulation. It outlines the challenges libraries now face in providing access to non-textual scientific content like research data and simulations. The document also introduces DataCite, a global consortium that issues digital object identifiers (DOIs) to datasets to help make them accessible, citable, and traceable like scholarly articles.
Keynote presented to KE workshop held in conjunction with the release of the report "A Surfboard for Riding the Wave
Towards a four country action programme on research data": http://www.knowledge-exchange.info/Default.aspx?ID=469
The document discusses the evolution of e-Research, from early forms like supercomputing and grid computing to current approaches like big data. It argues that e-Research will become so integrated into normal research practices that it will effectively disappear as a separate field. The document also provides examples of how computational approaches are transforming different domains like the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and arts. It analyzes the digitization of cultural artifacts and large-scale text analysis as novel advances enabled by e-Research.
Lerwen Liu_Asian’s efforts towards sustainable development of nanotechnologyNe3LS_Network
The document discusses the Asia Nano Forum (ANF) which promotes responsible nanotechnology development across 15 Asia-Pacific economies. It describes ANF's activities like annual summits, camps, and newsletters to foster international collaboration on education, standards, and commercialization. The document also summarizes investments in nanotechnology across Asia and applications of nano carbon materials in various industries.
CZECH NANO SHOW - Marketa Borovcova - CEITEC Jan Fried
CEITEC is a scientific center in Brno, Czech Republic focused on life sciences, advanced materials, and technologies. Its aim is to establish itself as a recognized European center of science through collaboration. It has over 110 researchers across 9 groups studying advanced nanotechnologies and microtechnologies and 78 researchers across 4 groups studying advanced materials. CEITEC collaborates with universities, research institutes, and companies both within the Czech Republic and internationally. It produces scientific publications, receives research grants, and has launched its first startup company based on a patented interferometric imaging system.
This document provides a summary of a presentation given by Matthew Todd on open science and open source approaches to research and drug discovery. Some key points discussed include:
- Natural human behaviors like curiosity and collaboration can lead to extraordinary scholarship such as the discovery of new things through crowdsourcing and open collaboration.
- Open access to publications and data maximizes the benefits of research by allowing broad dissemination and reuse of information. However, current policies often emphasize intellectual property protection over openness.
- Open source approaches to problems in areas like software and drug discovery can lower barriers to participation and involve more people in solving challenges.
- Open source drug discovery projects for malaria have explored several compound series through open online collaboration and data sharing
TNC2012 Federated and scholarly identity - match made in heaven?Gudmundur Thorisson
This document discusses federated identity and scholarly identity. It provides an overview of scholarly identity and challenges related to name ambiguity and fragmented online identities. It then describes the Open Researcher & Contributor ID (ORCID) initiative, which aims to provide unique identifiers for researchers and link them unambiguously to their works. ORCID currently has over 300 participating organizations and is working to support the creation of a clear record of scholarly contributions through unique identifiers. Examples of how ORCID could enable knowledge discovery by linking contributors to their works are also provided.
Lecture for a course at NTNU, 27th January 2021
CC-BY 4.0 Dag Endresen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-5497
See also http://bit.ly/biodiversityinformatics
https://www.gbif.no/events/2021/lecture-ntnu-gbif.html
Understanding the Big Picture of e-ScienceAndrew Sallans
E-science involves large-scale collaborative research enabled by new technologies like high-speed networks and cheap data storage. It produces massive amounts of complex data from areas like climate modeling, particle physics experiments, biomedical research grids, and citizen science projects. This represents a major change for research that requires new infrastructure, expertise, and approaches. Universities like UVA are responding by establishing research computing support services in their libraries to help scientists with the computational and data aspects of e-science throughout the research lifecycle.
This document summarizes a presentation by Nicole Nogoy from GigaScience about their journal, data platform, and database for large-scale data. GigaScience aims to enable more open access, collaboration and data sharing across disciplines by deconstructing research papers and providing credit for data, software and other digital outputs. It utilizes a big data infrastructure to integrate open access publishing with data and software publishing platforms. Examples are provided of data sets and analyses that have been published through GigaScience to maximize reuse and reproducibility.
Scott Edmunds: Channeling the Deluge: Reproducibility & Data Dissemination in...GigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
Scott Edmunds talk at the 7th Internation Conference on Genomics: "Channeling the Deluge: Reproducibility & Data Dissemination in the “Big-Data” Era. ICG7, Hong Kong 1st December 2012
"
The half-yearly R&D report from St. Martin's Engineering College summarizes research activities from July 2022 to December 2022. Key highlights include:
- Faculty published 96 journal papers, with 22 in SCI/SCOPUS journals and 1 in a UGC Care journal. 26 papers were accepted and 148 were submitted.
- 26 patents were published and 95 were filed, with 87 filed by the college and 8 by individuals.
- 38 books were published across departments.
- 31 ideas were submitted to MSME for funding.
- Various events were held, including on IPR, seminars, conferences, and MOU signings.
- Departmental presentations provided
Andrew Hufton is a professional scientific editor with a passion for promoting open science and FAIR data sharing. He worked on digital sequence information policy issues as part of the WiLDSI project for parts of 2021 and 2022. Andrew is currently the Editor-in-Chief of the Biotechnology Journal and Advanced Genetics. Previously, he launched and led the journal Scientific Data. He has a Ph.D. in Genetics from Stanford University and has published research on topics in developmental biology, bioinformatics and genome evolution.
OII Summer Doctoral Programme 2010: Global brain by Meyer & SchroederEric Meyer
The document discusses how technology is driving research to become more collaborative globally through distributed and networked tools. It examines several case studies where technologies enabled large-scale collaborative research projects that addressed questions too big for individual labs. These include distributed computing for particle physics, genomic studies, and proteomics. Challenges discussed include interoperability, data sharing policies, and sustaining momentum in infrastructure.
Scott Edmunds talk at AIST: Overcoming the Reproducibility Crisis: and why I ...GigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
This document discusses the growing reproducibility crisis in scientific research and proposes open data and transparent methods as solutions. It notes several studies finding a lack of reproducibility in published research due to inaccessible data and methods. Consequences of this include a large and growing number of retractions as well as perceptions that some regions have higher rates of fraudulent research due to lack of transparency. The document argues that open data, software and peer review can help address these issues by enabling credit for sharing and reusing research objects. Examples of initiatives that aim to reward open practices and improve reproducibility through open data publishing and peer review are also provided.
OpenTox - an open community and framework supporting predictive toxicology an...Barry Hardy
This document discusses OpenTox, an open source framework for predictive toxicology. OpenTox aims to address challenges of data integration by providing a common framework, standards, and tools to integrate diverse data sources and predictive models. It discusses knowledge sharing approaches and applications developed within OpenTox, including for chemical structure curation, (Q)SAR model building and validation, and integrated analysis of experimental data. The document outlines ongoing work to develop ToxBank, a data warehouse to support predictive toxicology research through unified data access and integrated analysis.
This document summarizes a project funded by the National Science Foundation that aims to prepare 45 New York City middle school science teachers to integrate information and communication technologies (ICTs) into their classrooms. The project is a collaboration between New York Institute of Technology and Utah State University. It uses photosynthesis as an example to engage students in scientific inquiry while cultivating new literacies through the use of digital technologies.
Metadata and Semantics Research Conference, Manchester, UK 2015
Research Objects: why, what and how,
In practice the exchange, reuse and reproduction of scientific experiments is hard, dependent on bundling and exchanging the experimental methods, computational codes, data, algorithms, workflows and so on along with the narrative. These "Research Objects" are not fixed, just as research is not “finished”: codes fork, data is updated, algorithms are revised, workflows break, service updates are released. Neither should they be viewed just as second-class artifacts tethered to publications, but the focus of research outcomes in their own right: articles clustered around datasets, methods with citation profiles. Many funders and publishers have come to acknowledge this, moving to data sharing policies and provisioning e-infrastructure platforms. Many researchers recognise the importance of working with Research Objects. The term has become widespread. However. What is a Research Object? How do you mint one, exchange one, build a platform to support one, curate one? How do we introduce them in a lightweight way that platform developers can migrate to? What is the practical impact of a Research Object Commons on training, stewardship, scholarship, sharing? How do we address the scholarly and technological debt of making and maintaining Research Objects? Are there any examples
I’ll present our practical experiences of the why, what and how of Research Objects.
Riding the wave - Paradigm shifts in information accessdatacite
The document discusses the paradigm shifts in scientific information access over time from empirical observation to computational simulation. It outlines the challenges libraries now face in providing access to non-textual scientific content like research data and simulations. The document also introduces DataCite, a global consortium that issues digital object identifiers (DOIs) to datasets to help make them accessible, citable, and traceable like scholarly articles.
Keynote presented to KE workshop held in conjunction with the release of the report "A Surfboard for Riding the Wave
Towards a four country action programme on research data": http://www.knowledge-exchange.info/Default.aspx?ID=469
The document discusses the evolution of e-Research, from early forms like supercomputing and grid computing to current approaches like big data. It argues that e-Research will become so integrated into normal research practices that it will effectively disappear as a separate field. The document also provides examples of how computational approaches are transforming different domains like the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and arts. It analyzes the digitization of cultural artifacts and large-scale text analysis as novel advances enabled by e-Research.
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The document discusses the Asia Nano Forum (ANF) which promotes responsible nanotechnology development across 15 Asia-Pacific economies. It describes ANF's activities like annual summits, camps, and newsletters to foster international collaboration on education, standards, and commercialization. The document also summarizes investments in nanotechnology across Asia and applications of nano carbon materials in various industries.
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Günter Oberdorster_How to assess the risks of nanotechnology?Ne3LS_Network
The document summarizes a presentation on assessing the risks of nanotechnology. The presentation covered characteristics of nanoparticles that influence toxicity, dosing in the respiratory tract, biokinetics, and protein interactions. It also discussed challenges in hazard/risk characterization including determining appropriate testing strategies, accounting for acute vs chronic effects, dosimetry issues, and extrapolating risks from animals to humans. The presentation highlighted differences between nanoparticles and larger particles in terms of deposition in the respiratory tract, translocation to organs, and cellular effects.
Günter Oberdorster_How to assess the risks of nanotechnology?
Leila Tahmooresnejad_Impact of public funding on the development of nanotechnology a comparison of quebec, canada and the us
1. Impact of Public Funding on the
Development of Nanotechnology
A Comparison of Quebec,
Canada and the US
Leila Tahmooresnejad – Polytechnique Montréal
Catherine Beaudry – Polytechnique Montréal
Andrea Schiffauerova – Concordia University
1st International Conference of Ne3LS Network
November 2012
2. Outline of the presentation
Motivation
Theoretical Framework
Data and Methodology
Network
Hypotheses
Econometric models
Regression results
Conclusion
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 2
Andrea Schiffauerova
3. Motivation
Public funding for research facilitates the
production of knowledge and is a key element for
innovation in high technologies
Facilitate the diffusion of knowledge
Develop new technologies
Universities and their affiliated centers play a
vital role in National innovation systems (Hall et al.,
2003; Link & Scott, 2004; Zucker, Darby & Armstrong, 2002)
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 3
Andrea Schiffauerova
4. Nanotechnology (I/II)
Emergence of nanotechnology over recent years
was the starting point for many changes in a vast
number of industries.
High competitive advantage for companies (Canton, 1999)
Creation of new companies (Porter et al., 2007)
Nano-enabled products with optimal features (Armstrong,
2008; Vokhidov and Dobrovol’skii, 2010)
Potential markets (Knol, 2004; Roco, 2007; Malanowski and
Zweck, 2007)
Nano-related jobs (Freeman and Shukla, 2008)
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 4
Andrea Schiffauerova
5. Nanotechnology (II/II)
Nanotechnology requires considerable
investment
Most of countries are following the US in
initiating nanotechnology programs and
increasing the allocated funds (Sargent, 2008)
Canada lags behind in the race of
nanotechnology
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 5
Andrea Schiffauerova
6. Theoretical Framework (I/II)
Positive correlation between federal research
funding and scientific outputs (Adams and Griliches,
1998; Payne and Siow, 2003; Blume-Kogut et al. 2009).
More government research funding results
more papers (Payne and Siow , 2003)
More government research funding results
more patents with a lower rate (Payne and Siow,
2003)
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 6
Andrea Schiffauerova
7. Theoretical Framework (II/II)
High quality research should obtain more
citations (Raan et al., 2003)
Citations are 'proxy' (Cronin, 2005)
Papers and Patents of researchers, who
received funding, may receive more citations
e.g. Patents of researchers, who received NSF
funding, received more citations compared with
those of other researchers in Nanoscale Science
and Engineering (Huang et al., 2005).
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 7
Andrea Schiffauerova
8. Objectives
Measure the impact of grants and contracts on
the outputs of academic researchers
Papers ( quantity and quality)
Patents ( quantity and quality)
Measure the impact of scientific and
technological networks ( co-publication and
co-invention networks)
Compare these impacts in Quebec, Canada and
the US
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 8
Andrea Schiffauerova
10. Data (I/II)
Scopus
Extraction of nanotechnology scientific papers by using
specific keywords in the title, abstract and keywords
Selection the articles where there is at least one Canadian
author
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
Extraction of nanotechnology scientific patents by using
specific keywords in the title, abstract and keywords
Selection the patents where there is at least one Canadian
inventor
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 10
Andrea Schiffauerova
11. Data (II/II)
Systèmes d’information de la recherche universitaire (SIRU) for
Quebec
Amounts of grants and contracts received by researchers in Quebec
Database of three granting councils (CIHR(Canadian Institute for
Health Research), NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council), SSHRC (Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of
Canada))
Amount of grants received by Canadian researchers
Nanobank
Papers of the researchers in the US
Patents of the researchers in the US
Amount of grants( NIH (National Institutes of Health) and NSF(National
Science Foundation) received by researchers in the US
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 11
Andrea Schiffauerova
12. Methodology
Matching databases
Creating a unique identifier for each individual
researcher
Data cleaning
Creating co-publication and co-invention
networks
Calculating network characteristics and the
position of researchers
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 12
Andrea Schiffauerova
13. Network (I/III)
A, B and C have published an
article or are the inventors of a
patent
A, B and E have published an A B
article or are the inventors of a
patent
C and D have published an
article or are the inventors of a
patent
Degree of a node E C
Number of links that are directly
connected
A, B and C have 3 connections D
E has 2 connections
D has 1 connection
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 13
Andrea Schiffauerova
14. Network (II/III)
Centrality degree
indicates the number of actors that are connected to a
specific actor
Geodesic distance
Distance (shortest path) between two nodes
Betweenness centrality of a node
is defined as the proportion of all geodesic distances
between two nodes that includes this node.
It makes the node more powerful since it can control the
knowledge flow between the other pair of actors
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 14
Andrea Schiffauerova
15. Network (III/III)
Clustering coefficient
iftwo nodes are connected to the specific third
node, they may also be connected to each other.
It is computed as the fraction of pairs of neighbors
of an actor that are directly connected each other.
A B
D C
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 15
Andrea Schiffauerova
16. Hypotheses (I/II)
Hypothesis 1a: Nanotechnology scientists/
academic inventors who receive more public
funding contribute to more publications/patents
compared with scientists/ academic inventors who
receive less or no public funding.
Hypothesis 1b: Nanotechnology scientists/
academic inventors who receive more public
funding contribute to higher quality
publications/patents compared with scientists/
academic inventors who receive less or no public
funding.
1 November 2012
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
Andrea Schiffauerova
16
17. Hypotheses (II/II)
Hypothesis 2a: A better network position of
scientists/ academic inventors has a positive effect
on the number of papers/patents to which a
scientist/ academic inventor contributes.
Hypothesis 2b: A better network position of
scientists/ academic inventors has a positive effect
on the quality of papers/patents to which a
scientist/ academic inventor contributes.
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 17
Andrea Schiffauerova
18. Econometric Models (I/II)
énbArtit / nbPatit ù
ê ú
= a + bS1TotSubvMoy3it-l + bS 2 [TotSubvMoy3it-l ]
2
ê nbCitit ú
ênbClaimit
ë ú
û
+bC1TotContMoy3it-l + bC 2 [TotContMoy3it-l ] + b P1nbPat3it-1 + b P 2 nbPat3it-1
2 2
+g b BtwCentXit-2 + g c1CliqnessXit-2 + g c2 [CliqnessXit-2 ]
2
+g bp [BtwCentXit-2 ´ nbPat3it-1 ]+ g bc [BtwCentXit-2 ´ CliqnessXit-2 ]
+dt å dt + n i + eit
t
TotSubvMoy3it-l TotContMoy3it-l
The amount of average grants / contracts that are received in 3 years preceding the patent application
/ paper publication with one year lag
BtwCentXit-2
The betweenness centrality of academic –inventors /scientists in the co –invention/ co –publication
network over 3 years preceding the patent application/ paper publication with 2 years lag
CliqnessXit-2
The cliquishness centrality of academic –inventors / scientists in the co –invention / co –publication
network over 3 years preceding the patent application /paper publication with 2 years lag
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 18
Andrea Schiffauerova
19. Endogeneity Problem
The explanatory variables are linked together since one
can explain the other.
The number of papers/patents is explained by the total
grants/contracts received
Two–Stage Residual Inclusion (2RSI) and Two –Stage
–Least –Squares (2SLS)
Instrumental variables
Age :the number of years since the beginning of the career
of researcher in nanotechnology
Chair :value 0 if a researcher has no chair, 1 if he has an
industrial chair, 2 for being a chair from two councils of the
Canadian federal granting, 3 for a scientist who is a Canada
Research chair
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 19
Andrea Schiffauerova
20. Econometric Models (II/II)
4
ln ( totSubvMoyXit-1 ) = a1 + x å Ait-i + l A1 Ageit-1 + lA2 Ageit-1 + lChChairi + la nbArtMoy3
2
i=2
+Variables1st Stage + (n1i + e1it )
énbArtit / nbPatit ù
ê ú
= a 2 + bG1 ln (TotSubvMoy3it-1 ) + bG 2 éln (TotSubvMoy3it-1 )ù + [n1i + e1it ]
2
ê nbCitit ú ë û
ênbClaimit
ë ú
û
+bC1 ln (TotContMoy3it-1 ) + bC 2 éln (TotContMoy3it-1 )ù
2
ë û
+g b BtwCentXit-2 + g c1CliqnessXit-2 + g c2 [CliqnessXit-2 ]
2
+g bp [BtwCentXit-2 ´ nbPat3it-1 ]+ g bc [BtwCentXit-2 ´ CliqnessXit-2 ]
+ådt dt + n 2i + e 2it
t
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 20
Andrea Schiffauerova
21. Regression results
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 21
Andrea Schiffauerova
22. Comparison
Quebec
Rest of Canada
The US
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 22
Andrea Schiffauerova
24. Quebec (contracts and grants)
The number of papers
Positive impact of grants after threshold (right graph)
Negative impact of contracts (left graph)
Positive impact of network characteristics
Positive impact of having patents
1 November 2012 24
25. Quebec (contracts and grants)
The number of citation
Negative impact of grants before threshold (right
graph)
Positive impact of contracts (left graph)
Positive impact of network characteristics
Positive impact of having patents
25
1 November 2012
26. Quebec (only grants)
The number of papers (left) and citations (right)
Positive impact of grants until reach the
threshold
Positive impact of network characteristics
Positive impact of having patents
The Impact of Public Funding on the number of papers (left graph), and on the number of citations (right graph)
1 November 2012 26
27. Rest of Canada
The number of papers (left) and the number
of citations (right)
Positive impact of grants until reach the threshold
Positive impact of network characteristics
Positive impact of having patents
27
1 November 2012
28. The US
The number of papers (left) and the number of
citations (right)
Positive impact of grants on the number of papers
Positive impact of grants until reach the threshold
Positive impact of network characteristics (only
citations)
28
1 November 2012
30. Quebec (contracts and grants)
The number of patents
Positive impacts of contracts after pass the
threshold
No effect of grants
Positive impact of network characteristics (only
cliquishness)
1 November 2012 30
31. Quebec (contracts and grants)
The number of citation
Positive impact of contracts after a certain threshold (
left graph)
Positive impact of grants until reach the threshold
(right graph)
Positive impact of network characteristics
31
1 November 2012
32. Quebec (contracts and grants)
The number of claims
Positive impact of contracts after pass the threshold (left
graph)
Positive impact of grants after pass the threshold (right
graph)
Positive impact of network characteristics (cliquishness)
32
1 November 2012
33. Rest of Canada
The number of patents
No effect of grants
Positive impact of network characteristics (only
cliquishness)
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 33
Andrea Schiffauerova
34. Rest of Canada
The number of citations (left) and the
number of claims (right)
Positive impact of grants until reach the threshold
Positive impact of network characteristics (only
cliquishness has effect on citation)
34
1 November 2012
35. The US
The number of patents
Positive linear impact of grants
Positive impact of network characteristics (only
cliquishness)
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 35
Andrea Schiffauerova
36. The US
The number of citation (left) and the
number of claims (right)
Positive impact of grants
Positive impact of network characteristics (only
cliquishness)
1 November 2012 36
38. Conclusion (I/III)
Scientists work in bigger teams, but inventors
are in smaller groups
Scientific network is more interconnected
compared with technological networks which
are fragmented
Having central positions in scientific networks
has more positive impact on the papers
compared with technological networks
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 38
Andrea Schiffauerova
39. Conclusion (II/III)
Positive impact of grants on scientific productions and their
quality but there is a threshold for this impact in Canada
Positive impact of grants on scientific productions and their
quality in the US, the threshold only for the citation
No impact of grants in Canada on the number of patents , but
positive impact of grants in the US on the number of patents
Positive impact of grants on quality of patents, but there is the
threshold in Canada
Positive impact of grants on quality of patents with no
threshold in the US
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 39
Andrea Schiffauerova
40. Conclusion (III/III)
Negative impact of contracts on the number of papers
Positive impact of contracts on the quality of papers
Positive impact of contracts on the number of patents
after passing the threshold
Positive impact of contracts on the quality of patents
considering the threshold
Contracts are more crucial for patents, but we could not
measure this impact for the rest of Canada and the US
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 40
Andrea Schiffauerova
41. Thank you
Leila Tahmooresnejad - Catherine Beaudry
1 November 2012 41
Andrea Schiffauerova