SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 23
Ìýäýýëëèéí ñèñòåì, àëãîðèòìèéí ¿íäýñ   Ëåêö ¹04
Àãóóëãà ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Îðøèë ,[object Object],[object Object]
Àëãîðèòìûí òóõàé îéëãîëò   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Àëãîðèòìûí øèíæ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Æèøýý: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Àëãîðèòìä õýìæèãäýõ¿¿íèéã òýìäýãëýõ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Àëãîðèòìûí ¿íäñýí ¿éëäë¿¿ä Àëãîðèòìààð ã¿éöýòãýãäýæ áàéãàà ïðîöåññ êîìïüþòåðèéí áèåë¿¿ëæ ÷àäàõ ¿éëäë¿¿äýä õóâààãäñàí áàéõ ¸ñòîé.  Êîìïüþòåð   -   ìýäýýëýë îðóóëàõ   -   àðèôìåòèê,   ëîãèê ¿éëäýë õèéõ   - òîäîðõîé íºõöºë øàëãàæ  -   ¿ð ä¿íãýýñ õàìààðàí áîäîëòûã  ÿëãààòàé çàìààð ¿ðãýëæë¿¿ëýõ  -   á¿ëýã ¿éëäëèéã äàâòàí áèåë¿¿ëýõ -   ïðîãðàìûí ¿ð ä¿íã ãàðãàõ   ãýñýí öººí òîîíû ýíãèéí ¿éëäëèéã áèåë¿¿ëíý.
Ìýäýýëýë îðóóëàõ ¿éëäýë Ìýäýýëëèéã êîìïüþòåðýýð áîëîâñðóó-ëàõûí òóëä  ñàíàõ îéä áè÷ñýí áàéõ øààðäëàãàòàé. Èéì ó÷ðààñ õýìæèã-äýõ¿¿íèé àíõíû óòãà-ºãºãäëèéã êîìïüþòåðò îðóóëàõ ¿éëäýë õýðýãòýé. Æèøýý:  ax 2 +bx+c=0 òýãøèò-ãýëèéã áîäîõûí òóëä a, b, c  òîîíóóäûí ñàíàõ îéä îðóóëñàí áàéõ øààðäàëàãàòàé. Ïðîãðàì÷-ëàëûí õýëýíä îðóóëàõ ¿éëäëèéã  ïàðàëëåëîãðàìààð  ä¿ðñýëíý. a, b,c,x1
Áîäîëò áà óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäýë Ìàòåìàòèêèéí èëýðõèéëëèéí óòãûã áîäîæ, ¿ð ä¿í ãàðãàí ò¿¿íèéãýý ÿìàð íýã õóâüñàã÷èéí óòãà áîëãîí ñàíàõ îéä õàäãàëàõ ¿éëäýë øààðäëàãàòàé áºãººä òýðõ¿¿ ¿éëäëèéã óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäýë ãýýä  òýãø ºíöºãò  ä¿ðñèéã àøèãëàíà. Ýíä  “:=”  òýìäãèéã  óòãà îëãîõ ãýíý. Óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäëèéã õèéõäýý ýõëýýä èëýðõèéëëèéã áîäíî. Óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäëèéã áèåë¿¿ëýõäýý ýõëýýä èëýðõèéëëèéí óòãûã áîäíî. Èéì ó÷ðààñ ò¿¿íä îðñîí á¿õ õýìæèãäýõ¿¿í ºìíº íü òîäîðõîé óòãàòàé áîëñîí áàéõ ¸ñòîé. Õóâüñàã÷:=èëýðõèéëýë
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 not y x xor y x and y x or y y x
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ãàðãàõ ¿éëäýë Òîîí áîëîí ¿ñãýí ìýäýýëëèéã äýëãýö äýýð òåêñò õýëáýðòýé ãàðãàõ ¿éëäýë èë¿¿ ò¿ãýýìýë øààðäàãäàíà. Èéì ¿éëäëèéã äàðààõ áàéäëààð ä¿ðñýëíý. Òîãòìîë áè÷âýðèéã ‘ òàéëáàð’ , ‘¿ð ä¿í’, ‘ n= ’ ãýæ áè÷íý. Àëãîðèòìèéã ä¿ðñ õýëáýðýýð áè÷èõèéã  áëîê-ñõåìýýð ä¿ðñëýõ  ãýíý. a,b,c ‘  òàéëáàð  ’
¯éëäë¿¿äèéí áèåëýõ äàðààëëûã òýìäýãëýõèéí òóëä ñóìòàé áà ñóìã¿é õýð÷ìèéã õýðýãëýíý.  Ãîë òºëºâ àëãîðèòìûã äýýðýýñ íü äîîø, ýõëýëýýñ íü òºãñãºë ð¿¿ íü çîõèîæ ä¿ðñëýäýã. Èéìýýñ äýýðýýñ  äîîøîî øèæñýí øèëæèëòèéã  ¿íäñýí ÷èãëýë ãýæ íýðëýýä  ñóìã¿é õýð÷ìýýð ä¿ðñýëíý. Äîîðîîñ äýýø øèëæñýí øèëæèëòèéã ñóìòàé õýð÷ìýýð  òýìäýãëýíý. ýõëýë òºãñ
Îëîí ¿éëäýëòýé òîì àëãîðèòì çîõèîæ ä¿ðñëýõýä àëãîðèòìûã íýã õóóäàñíààñ ººð õóóäñàíä äàìæóóëæ áè÷èõ ýñâýë íýã õóóäàñíààñ íºãºº õóóäàñ ðóó øèëæñýí øèëæèëòûã äàðààõ áàéäëààð òýìäýãëýíý. Æèøýý 1:  r>0 áîäèò òîî ºãºãäñºí áîë r ðàäèóñòàé òîéðãèéí óðò, r ðàäèóñòàé äóãóé òàëáàé áîëîí r ðàäèóñòàé áºìáºðöºãèéí ýçýëõ¿¿íèéã îëæ áè÷èõ àëãîðèòì çîõèî. Àëèâàà àëãîðèòìä óòãà íü ºãºãäºõ ¸ñòîé õýìæèãäýõ¿¿íèéã àëãîðèòìûí  àðãóìåíò  ãýæ íýðëýýä  àðã   ãýæ òýìäýãëýíý. 1 1
àðã   r, ¿ð ä¿í   L, S, V ÝÕËÝË r Pi:=3.141592 L:=pi*r S:=L*r V:=4/3*S*r L:=2*L L, S, V Òºãñ
Ä¿ãíýëò Òºãñãºë Ýõëýë Ìýäýýëýë îðóóëàõ  ¿éëäýë Áîäîëò áà óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäýë  Íºõöºë øàëãàõ ¿ð ä¿íã ãàðãàõ ¿íýí õóäàë

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (17)

Evleruuleh.pdf 1
Evleruuleh.pdf 1Evleruuleh.pdf 1
Evleruuleh.pdf 1
 
Lecture 2
Lecture 2Lecture 2
Lecture 2
 
Yaruusetgegch3
Yaruusetgegch3Yaruusetgegch3
Yaruusetgegch3
 
Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí îðóóëãûí á¿ä¿¿â÷
Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí îðóóëãûí á¿ä¿¿â÷Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí îðóóëãûí á¿ä¿¿â÷
Òðàíñôîðìàòîðûí îðóóëãûí á¿ä¿¿â÷
 
International Trade 5
International Trade 5International Trade 5
International Trade 5
 
Bank lekts №11,12,
Bank lekts №11,12,Bank lekts №11,12,
Bank lekts №11,12,
 
Мөнгө бол цаас биш
Мөнгө бол цаас бишМөнгө бол цаас биш
Мөнгө бол цаас биш
 
Bank lekts №16
Bank lekts №16Bank lekts №16
Bank lekts №16
 
Bank lekts №13, 14, 15
Bank lekts №13, 14, 15Bank lekts №13, 14, 15
Bank lekts №13, 14, 15
 
цагаан хоол
цагаан хоолцагаан хоол
цагаан хоол
 
êàòîëîã
êàòîëîãêàòîëîã
êàòîëîã
 
1
11
1
 
Lecture 15
Lecture 15Lecture 15
Lecture 15
 
1 р удиртгал бүлэг
1 р удиртгал бүлэг1 р удиртгал бүлэг
1 р удиртгал бүлэг
 
48dugaar
48dugaar48dugaar
48dugaar
 
Bagiin menegment
Bagiin menegmentBagiin menegment
Bagiin menegment
 
Endemik
EndemikEndemik
Endemik
 

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (20)

Ch05 Black Jack
Ch05  Black  JackCh05  Black  Jack
Ch05 Black Jack
 
Chap06alg
Chap06algChap06alg
Chap06alg
 
Intersection Study - Algorithm(Sort)
Intersection Study - Algorithm(Sort)Intersection Study - Algorithm(Sort)
Intersection Study - Algorithm(Sort)
 
Sorting pnk
Sorting pnkSorting pnk
Sorting pnk
 
Insertion sort
Insertion sortInsertion sort
Insertion sort
 
Sorting Algorithm
Sorting AlgorithmSorting Algorithm
Sorting Algorithm
 
Insertion sort
Insertion sortInsertion sort
Insertion sort
 
04 ds and algorithm session_05
04 ds and algorithm session_0504 ds and algorithm session_05
04 ds and algorithm session_05
 
Bubble sort algorithm
Bubble sort algorithmBubble sort algorithm
Bubble sort algorithm
 
Insertion Sort Algorithm
Insertion Sort AlgorithmInsertion Sort Algorithm
Insertion Sort Algorithm
 
Insertion sort
Insertion sortInsertion sort
Insertion sort
 
Sorting algorithms
Sorting algorithmsSorting algorithms
Sorting algorithms
 
Selection sort
Selection sortSelection sort
Selection sort
 
Quicksort
QuicksortQuicksort
Quicksort
 
Linear search algorithm
Linear search algorithmLinear search algorithm
Linear search algorithm
 
Sorting Algorithms
Sorting AlgorithmsSorting Algorithms
Sorting Algorithms
 
Sorting Algorithms
Sorting AlgorithmsSorting Algorithms
Sorting Algorithms
 
Data Structures - Searching & sorting
Data Structures - Searching & sortingData Structures - Searching & sorting
Data Structures - Searching & sorting
 
Chapter 11 - Sorting and Searching
Chapter 11 - Sorting and SearchingChapter 11 - Sorting and Searching
Chapter 11 - Sorting and Searching
 
Sorting
SortingSorting
Sorting
 

More from Munkhchimeg (20)

Protsesor
ProtsesorProtsesor
Protsesor
 
Lecture916
Lecture916Lecture916
Lecture916
 
Lecture915
Lecture915Lecture915
Lecture915
 
Lecture914
Lecture914Lecture914
Lecture914
 
Lecture913
Lecture913Lecture913
Lecture913
 
Lecture911
Lecture911Lecture911
Lecture911
 
Lecture912
Lecture912Lecture912
Lecture912
 
Lecture910
Lecture910Lecture910
Lecture910
 
Lecture5
Lecture5Lecture5
Lecture5
 
Lecture9
Lecture9Lecture9
Lecture9
 
Lecture8
Lecture8Lecture8
Lecture8
 
Lecture7
Lecture7Lecture7
Lecture7
 
Lecture6
Lecture6Lecture6
Lecture6
 
Lecture4
Lecture4Lecture4
Lecture4
 
Lecture3
Lecture3Lecture3
Lecture3
 
Ded Algorithm
Ded AlgorithmDed Algorithm
Ded Algorithm
 
Ded Algorithm1
Ded Algorithm1Ded Algorithm1
Ded Algorithm1
 
Tobch Lecture
Tobch LectureTobch Lecture
Tobch Lecture
 
Lecture914
Lecture914Lecture914
Lecture914
 
Tobch Lecture
Tobch LectureTobch Lecture
Tobch Lecture
 

Lecture4

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. Àëãîðèòìûí ¿íäñýí ¿éëäë¿¿ä Àëãîðèòìààð ã¿éöýòãýãäýæ áàéãàà ïðîöåññ êîìïüþòåðèéí áèåë¿¿ëæ ÷àäàõ ¿éëäë¿¿äýä õóâààãäñàí áàéõ ¸ñòîé. Êîìïüþòåð - ìýäýýëýë îðóóëàõ - àðèôìåòèê, ëîãèê ¿éëäýë õèéõ - òîäîðõîé íºõöºë øàëãàæ - ¿ð ä¿íãýýñ õàìààðàí áîäîëòûã ÿëãààòàé çàìààð ¿ðãýëæë¿¿ëýõ - á¿ëýã ¿éëäëèéã äàâòàí áèåë¿¿ëýõ - ïðîãðàìûí ¿ð ä¿íã ãàðãàõ ãýñýí öººí òîîíû ýíãèéí ¿éëäëèéã áèåë¿¿ëíý.
  • 13. Ìýäýýëýë îðóóëàõ ¿éëäýë Ìýäýýëëèéã êîìïüþòåðýýð áîëîâñðóó-ëàõûí òóëä ñàíàõ îéä áè÷ñýí áàéõ øààðäëàãàòàé. Èéì ó÷ðààñ õýìæèã-äýõ¿¿íèé àíõíû óòãà-ºãºãäëèéã êîìïüþòåðò îðóóëàõ ¿éëäýë õýðýãòýé. Æèøýý: ax 2 +bx+c=0 òýãøèò-ãýëèéã áîäîõûí òóëä a, b, c òîîíóóäûí ñàíàõ îéä îðóóëñàí áàéõ øààðäàëàãàòàé. Ïðîãðàì÷-ëàëûí õýëýíä îðóóëàõ ¿éëäëèéã ïàðàëëåëîãðàìààð ä¿ðñýëíý. a, b,c,x1
  • 14. Áîäîëò áà óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäýë Ìàòåìàòèêèéí èëýðõèéëëèéí óòãûã áîäîæ, ¿ð ä¿í ãàðãàí ò¿¿íèéãýý ÿìàð íýã õóâüñàã÷èéí óòãà áîëãîí ñàíàõ îéä õàäãàëàõ ¿éëäýë øààðäëàãàòàé áºãººä òýðõ¿¿ ¿éëäëèéã óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäýë ãýýä òýãø ºíöºãò ä¿ðñèéã àøèãëàíà. Ýíä “:=” òýìäãèéã óòãà îëãîõ ãýíý. Óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäëèéã õèéõäýý ýõëýýä èëýðõèéëëèéã áîäíî. Óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäëèéã áèåë¿¿ëýõäýý ýõëýýä èëýðõèéëëèéí óòãûã áîäíî. Èéì ó÷ðààñ ò¿¿íä îðñîí á¿õ õýìæèãäýõ¿¿í ºìíº íü òîäîðõîé óòãàòàé áîëñîí áàéõ ¸ñòîé. Õóâüñàã÷:=èëýðõèéëýë
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. Ãàðãàõ ¿éëäýë Òîîí áîëîí ¿ñãýí ìýäýýëëèéã äýëãýö äýýð òåêñò õýëáýðòýé ãàðãàõ ¿éëäýë èë¿¿ ò¿ãýýìýë øààðäàãäàíà. Èéì ¿éëäëèéã äàðààõ áàéäëààð ä¿ðñýëíý. Òîãòìîë áè÷âýðèéã ‘ òàéëáàð’ , ‘¿ð ä¿í’, ‘ n= ’ ãýæ áè÷íý. Àëãîðèòìèéã ä¿ðñ õýëáýðýýð áè÷èõèéã áëîê-ñõåìýýð ä¿ðñëýõ ãýíý. a,b,c ‘ òàéëáàð ’
  • 20. ¯éëäë¿¿äèéí áèåëýõ äàðààëëûã òýìäýãëýõèéí òóëä ñóìòàé áà ñóìã¿é õýð÷ìèéã õýðýãëýíý. Ãîë òºëºâ àëãîðèòìûã äýýðýýñ íü äîîø, ýõëýëýýñ íü òºãñãºë ð¿¿ íü çîõèîæ ä¿ðñëýäýã. Èéìýýñ äýýðýýñ äîîøîî øèæñýí øèëæèëòèéã ¿íäñýí ÷èãëýë ãýæ íýðëýýä ñóìã¿é õýð÷ìýýð ä¿ðñýëíý. Äîîðîîñ äýýø øèëæñýí øèëæèëòèéã ñóìòàé õýð÷ìýýð òýìäýãëýíý. ýõëýë òºãñ
  • 21. Îëîí ¿éëäýëòýé òîì àëãîðèòì çîõèîæ ä¿ðñëýõýä àëãîðèòìûã íýã õóóäàñíààñ ººð õóóäñàíä äàìæóóëæ áè÷èõ ýñâýë íýã õóóäàñíààñ íºãºº õóóäàñ ðóó øèëæñýí øèëæèëòûã äàðààõ áàéäëààð òýìäýãëýíý. Æèøýý 1: r>0 áîäèò òîî ºãºãäñºí áîë r ðàäèóñòàé òîéðãèéí óðò, r ðàäèóñòàé äóãóé òàëáàé áîëîí r ðàäèóñòàé áºìáºðöºãèéí ýçýëõ¿¿íèéã îëæ áè÷èõ àëãîðèòì çîõèî. Àëèâàà àëãîðèòìä óòãà íü ºãºãäºõ ¸ñòîé õýìæèãäýõ¿¿íèéã àëãîðèòìûí àðãóìåíò ãýæ íýðëýýä àðã ãýæ òýìäýãëýíý. 1 1
  • 22. àðã r, ¿ð ä¿í L, S, V ÝÕËÝË r Pi:=3.141592 L:=pi*r S:=L*r V:=4/3*S*r L:=2*L L, S, V Òºãñ
  • 23. Ä¿ãíýëò Òºãñãºë Ýõëýë Ìýäýýëýë îðóóëàõ ¿éëäýë Áîäîëò áà óòãà îëãîõ ¿éëäýë ͺõöºë øàëãàõ ¿ð ä¿íã ãàðãàõ ¿íýí õóäàë