The document discusses various aspects of financial analysis including the four main financial statements: balance sheet, income statement, shareholders' statement, and statement of cash flows. It provides details on how to analyze each statement. The balance sheet shows a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a point in time. The income statement measures performance over a period of time by showing revenues and expenses. Cash flow analysis examines sources and uses of cash by tracing changes in the balance sheet. Financial ratios are also covered as tools to analyze liquidity, leverage, asset management, profitability, and market value.
The document provides information on financial statements, taxes, and cash flow. It defines key terms like the balance sheet, income statement, cash flows, taxes, and financial ratios. The balance sheet lists a firm's assets, liabilities, and equity. The income statement measures performance over time as revenues minus expenses. Cash flows are important but differ from accounting profits due to non-cash expenses and the timing of cash inflows and outflows. Taxes are a major cash outflow for firms.
The document discusses financial statements and balance sheets. It explains that public companies must produce four financial statements: the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and statement of stockholders' equity. The balance sheet lists a company's assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity at a point in time. It is divided into current and long-term assets and current and long-term liabilities. The difference between assets and liabilities is the stockholders' equity. While the balance sheet provides information, it does not always accurately reflect the true value of a company's equity.
This document summarizes a two-day credit training program. Day one covers why and how financials are used, understanding cash flow, and group exercises. Day two focuses on more group exercises, example clients, and a wrap-up session. The training aims to help participants understand how financial statements are used in lending decisions and analyze key components like balance sheets, income statements, cash flow, and more.
Financial Statements and Business Model Canvas_Nov5th.pptxRashmi Gowda KM
The document provides information on financial statements and the business model canvas. It defines financial statements as documents that show a company's financial status at a specific point in time, including balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, and statements of retained earnings. It then explains the key elements of each financial statement. The document also defines the business model canvas as a strategic management template used to develop and document business models using nine building blocks: key partners, key activities, value propositions, customer relationships, customer segments, key resources, distribution channels, cost structure, and revenue streams. It provides an example canvas for Uber.
This document defines accounting and outlines its primary functions and users. It discusses how accounting involves recording business transactions, summarizing results into reports, and providing assurance. Accounting aids decision making by showing how money is spent and the implications of different plans. Financial statements like the income statement and balance sheet are key outputs. The accounting cycle and double-entry bookkeeping are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to basic accounting concepts. It begins by defining key terms like assets, liabilities, capital, and accounting periods. It then explains important accounting principles and financial statements, including accrual accounting, accounts receivable/payable, and the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. The overall purpose is to familiarize readers with fundamental accounting vocabulary and practices.
Here are the journal entries for the transactions:
A. Debbie ordered shelving worth $750.
Debit: Shelving $750
Credit: Accounts Payable $750
B. Debbie's selling price on a gallon of milk is increased to $3.25.
No journal entry needed.
C. A customer buys a gallon of milk paying cash.
Debit: Cash $3.25
Credit: Sales $3.25
D. The shelving is delivered with an invoice for $750.
Debit: Accounts Payable $750
Credit: Cash $750
The accounting events that will be recorded are transactions A, C, and D since they involve
Financial management involves planning, organizing, and controlling financial resources. The document outlines key financial management concepts like the objectives of financial management to ensure adequate funding and returns. It also discusses functions such as estimating capital needs, determining sources of funds, and managing cash flows. Other concepts covered include financial statements like the balance sheet, which lists assets/liabilities, and profit and loss statement, which outlines revenues/expenses.
The document provides information on financial statements, taxes, and cash flow. It defines key terms like the balance sheet, income statement, cash flows, taxes, and financial ratios. The balance sheet lists a firm's assets, liabilities, and equity. The income statement measures performance over time as revenues minus expenses. Cash flows are important but differ from accounting profits due to non-cash expenses and the timing of cash inflows and outflows. Taxes are a major cash outflow for firms.
The document discusses financial statements and balance sheets. It explains that public companies must produce four financial statements: the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and statement of stockholders' equity. The balance sheet lists a company's assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity at a point in time. It is divided into current and long-term assets and current and long-term liabilities. The difference between assets and liabilities is the stockholders' equity. While the balance sheet provides information, it does not always accurately reflect the true value of a company's equity.
This document summarizes a two-day credit training program. Day one covers why and how financials are used, understanding cash flow, and group exercises. Day two focuses on more group exercises, example clients, and a wrap-up session. The training aims to help participants understand how financial statements are used in lending decisions and analyze key components like balance sheets, income statements, cash flow, and more.
Financial Statements and Business Model Canvas_Nov5th.pptxRashmi Gowda KM
The document provides information on financial statements and the business model canvas. It defines financial statements as documents that show a company's financial status at a specific point in time, including balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, and statements of retained earnings. It then explains the key elements of each financial statement. The document also defines the business model canvas as a strategic management template used to develop and document business models using nine building blocks: key partners, key activities, value propositions, customer relationships, customer segments, key resources, distribution channels, cost structure, and revenue streams. It provides an example canvas for Uber.
This document defines accounting and outlines its primary functions and users. It discusses how accounting involves recording business transactions, summarizing results into reports, and providing assurance. Accounting aids decision making by showing how money is spent and the implications of different plans. Financial statements like the income statement and balance sheet are key outputs. The accounting cycle and double-entry bookkeeping are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to basic accounting concepts. It begins by defining key terms like assets, liabilities, capital, and accounting periods. It then explains important accounting principles and financial statements, including accrual accounting, accounts receivable/payable, and the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. The overall purpose is to familiarize readers with fundamental accounting vocabulary and practices.
Here are the journal entries for the transactions:
A. Debbie ordered shelving worth $750.
Debit: Shelving $750
Credit: Accounts Payable $750
B. Debbie's selling price on a gallon of milk is increased to $3.25.
No journal entry needed.
C. A customer buys a gallon of milk paying cash.
Debit: Cash $3.25
Credit: Sales $3.25
D. The shelving is delivered with an invoice for $750.
Debit: Accounts Payable $750
Credit: Cash $750
The accounting events that will be recorded are transactions A, C, and D since they involve
Financial management involves planning, organizing, and controlling financial resources. The document outlines key financial management concepts like the objectives of financial management to ensure adequate funding and returns. It also discusses functions such as estimating capital needs, determining sources of funds, and managing cash flows. Other concepts covered include financial statements like the balance sheet, which lists assets/liabilities, and profit and loss statement, which outlines revenues/expenses.
This document provides an overview of accounting concepts and financial statements. It begins with definitions of accounting and its purpose. Key terms like assets, liabilities, income, and expenses are explained along with basic accounting equations and methods. Accounting steps from journalizing transactions to preparing trial balances and financial statements are outlined. Financial statements like the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement and their components are defined. Examples of accounting entries, trial balances, and financial statements are provided. The document is an introductory training material on basic accounting concepts, terminology, and financial reporting.
“Interpreting Financial Statements” by Philip DrakeMegan Calcote
This document provides an overview and introduction to understanding financial statements. It begins with an agenda that outlines topics to be covered including the accounting equation, financial statement relations, ratio analysis, and cash flow analysis. It then discusses key concepts like the accounting equation that balances assets with liabilities and equity. The three main financial statements are introduced as the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. Common components of each statement are defined. The rest of the document discusses how financial statements link business decisions and valuation, and provides examples of analyzing elements like return on equity, working capital management, and cash-to-cash cycles.
How to Read a Balance Sheet - And Why You Care! (Series: MBA Boot Camp 2020) Financial Poise
This webinar provides an overview of how to read and analyze a balance sheet. It defines key components of a balance sheet including assets, liabilities, and equity. Assets are broken into current, non-current, and other categories. Liabilities are also broken into current and long-term categories. The webinar explains how a balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial condition at a point in time. It also discusses various methods for analyzing a balance sheet, including vertical analysis, horizontal analysis, and financial ratios. The faculty are then introduced, who are experts in business valuation, restructuring, and financial analysis.
This presentation is based on the subject Financial Accounting which helps the beginners to know the basic concept of accounting . This is according to the syllabus of Pt. Ravishankar University , Raipur and Durg University, Durg.
The document provides an outline and introduction to healthcare finance. It discusses key financial statements including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It then covers various types of financial ratios used to assess financial performance, such as liquidity, leverage, solvency, profitability, and performance ratios. Subsequent modules discuss ratio analysis of financial statements, profitability ratios, performance ratios, and investment ratios. A module on healthcare finance defines healthcare finance and discusses the role of finance in health services organizations and common finance activities.
Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
1. Balance Sheet
2. Income Statement
3. The accounting equation - Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity
4. Revenue and Expense accounts
5. Balance Sheet and Statement of Cash Flows
6. Revenue, Expenses, Net Income
7. Balance Sheet
8. Stockholder's Equity or Shareholder's Equity
This document contains lecture slides on various financial accounting concepts. It discusses key terms like equity, owner's equity, balance sheets, statements of affairs, liquidation, the accounting cycle, and financial statements. The slides define these terms, explain their purpose and how they relate to accounting practices. Key topics covered include calculating and presenting equity on a balance sheet, the steps of the accounting cycle, and the elements that make up basic financial statements.
The document discusses the needs and purposes of key financial statements including the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. It explains the components and calculations of these statements. It also describes common financial ratios used in analysis of statements, such as liquidity, profitability, asset management, and leverage ratios. These ratios are used to evaluate a firm's performance and financial position over time and in comparison to other companies.
Accounting provides economic information to support business decisions. The three main financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. The balance sheet presents assets, liabilities, and owner's equity on a given date to show the resources and how they are financed. Key assets include fixed assets, current assets, and inventory. The income statement matches revenues and expenses over a period to determine profit or loss.
Basic Accounting & Cost Control #1 by Dino LeonandriDINOLEONANDRI
The document provides an overview of basic accounting principles for hotel cost control, including accrual basis accounting, accounting entity concept, accounting periods, matching principle, and the three main elements of accounting - the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It explains key accounting concepts like recognizing revenue when earned and expenses when incurred, separating business and personal transactions, reporting finances annually with monthly or quarterly updates, and matching income with related expenses. It also defines the components of the balance sheet, including different types of assets, liabilities, and equity.
Accounting is the process of measuring and recording financial transactions and preparing financial statements. The four main financial statements are the balance sheet, income statement, statement of owner's equity, and statement of cash flows. Ratio analysis uses ratios calculated from the financial statements to analyze a company's financial strengths and weaknesses. Budgets are financial plans that estimate revenues, expenses and cash flows and are used for planning and control. Globalization and the move toward international accounting standards aim to increase consistency in financial reporting worldwide.
The document discusses ratio analysis and various types of financial ratios used to analyze the financial performance and position of a company. It defines key liquidity ratios like current ratio and quick ratio. It also explains leverage ratios such as debt-equity ratio and total debt ratio that measure the use of debt financing. Further, it covers activity ratios including inventory turnover ratio and debtors' turnover ratio that assess efficiency of inventory and receivables management. The document emphasizes the importance of ratio analysis and interpretation of ratios with industry benchmarks.
· Read the article and summarize.· Discuss your reaction to th.docxoswald1horne84988
· Read the article and summarize.
· Discuss your reaction to the article
· Generate 2-3 recommendations for an organization needing to create a more "thriving" environment.
· Your recommendations should be written as if you were an OB Consultant and were trying to convince top leadership the value of a "thriving" environment.
Be sure to utilize your breadth of knowledge about OB. You will be graded on your ability to use the concepts from our course to strengthen your argument. For example: performance management, motivation, leadership, and/or job design would likely relate to the article but I am sure other concepts would also fit.
**Please write 2 pages. Please provide high quality.
Aswath Damodaran! 1!
Financial Statement Analysis!
“The raw data for investing”
Aswath Damodaran! 2!
Questions we would like answered…!
Assets Liabilities
Assets in Place Debt
Equity
What is the value of the debt?
How risky is the debt?
What is the value of the equity?
How risky is the equity?
Growth Assets
What are the assets in place?
How valuable are these assets?
How risky are these assets?
What are the growth assets?
How valuable are these assets?
Aswath Damodaran! 3!
Basic Financial Statements!
The balance sheet, which summarizes what a firm owns and owes at a
point in time.
The income statement, which reports on how much a firm earned in
the period of analysis
The statement of cash flows, which reports on cash inflows and
outflows to the firm during the period of analysis
Aswath Damodaran! 4!
The Accounting Balance Sheet!
Assets Liabilities
Fixed Assets
Debt
Equity
Short-term liabilities of the firm
Intangible Assets
Long Lived Real Assets
Assets which are not physical,
like patents & trademarks
Current Assets
Financial InvestmentsInvestments in securities &
assets of other firms
Short-lived Assets
Equity investment in firm
Debt obligations of firm
Current
Liabilties
Other
Liabilities Other long-term obligations
Figure 4.1: The Balance Sheet
Aswath Damodaran! 5!
Principles underlying accounting balance
sheets!
An Abiding Belief in Book Value as the Best Estimate of Value: Unless
a substantial reason is given to do otherwise, accountants view the
historical cost as the best estimate of the value of an asset.
A Distrust of Market or Estimated Value: The market price of an asset
is often viewed as both much too volatile and too easily manipulated
to be used as an estimate of value for an asset. This suspicion runs
even deeper when values are is estimated for an asset based upon
expected future cash flows.
A Preference for under estimating value rather than over estimating it:
When there is more than one approach to valuing an asset, accounting
convention takes the view that the more conservative (lower) estimate
of value should be used rather than the less conservative (higher)
estimate of value.
Aswath Damodaran! 6!
Measuring asset value!
.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in financial accounting including the five main elements of financial accounts (revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity), the three main financial statements (income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement), and the accounting equation. It discusses each of the five financial account elements and how they are reflected in the income statement and balance sheet. The document also provides details on the balance sheet, including its purpose and key components such as current assets, non-current assets, current liabilities, and non-current liabilities.
Accounting for Entrepreneurs.
Presented by: Ms. Rand Marar, GOL Trainer
Socialize your Business, Maadi Public Library, Cairo, Egypt.
Organized by IRC, US-Embassy in Cairo
26 March, 2013
Financial statements include the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. The balance sheet summarizes a company's financial position at a point in time by listing assets, liabilities, and equity. It uses the accounting equation that assets equal liabilities plus equity. The income statement summarizes revenues and expenses over a period of time to determine profit or loss. The statement of cash flows explains the changes in a company's cash balance due to operating, investing, and financing activities during a period.
Introduction to Business Accounting and RatiosHazman Mat
The document outlines key accounting concepts including the accounting equation, the four main financial statements, ratio analysis, and budgets. It discusses the roles of various types of accountants and standards-setting bodies. It also covers international accounting issues and the move toward a single set of global standards.
Finance for Managers
(Managerial Accounting)
Role of Financial Information
• Financial information pervades our economy
– It is the primary means of communication between profit seeking
organizations and their stakeholders
– For this reason organizations use financial measures internally as a broad indicator of performance
• This financial information provides a signal that something is wrong, but not what is wrong
• Financial information summarizes underlying activities
– But to explain financial results, managers need to dig deeper
– Detailed information provides additional insight into what is happening to
profits
This document provides an overview and agenda for a 12-session public speaking course. It outlines that the course will include practical assignments, presentations, and a final presentation. Students will discuss what they know about public speaking and their expectations. The course will cover improving confidence, effective listening, speech planning, organization, introductions/conclusions, adapting to audiences, and presentational aids. It emphasizes that all great speakers had to start as bad speakers and provides tips for recognizing an effective speech through audience engagement and recall of main ideas.
1) The document discusses a study on the impact of frequent social media usage on mental health, particularly depression. The study found that increased levels of social media usage correlated with increased depression symptoms.
2) Over 4 billion people use the internet and 3.3 billion are active social media users. Several studies show links between social media use and mental health issues like depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and negative well-being.
3) The objectives of the presented study were to observe the relationship between social media and depression, anxiety, and stress. It also aimed to provide an overview of social media use among adults and children and address concerns about its negative mental health impacts.
This document provides an overview of accounting concepts and financial statements. It begins with definitions of accounting and its purpose. Key terms like assets, liabilities, income, and expenses are explained along with basic accounting equations and methods. Accounting steps from journalizing transactions to preparing trial balances and financial statements are outlined. Financial statements like the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement and their components are defined. Examples of accounting entries, trial balances, and financial statements are provided. The document is an introductory training material on basic accounting concepts, terminology, and financial reporting.
“Interpreting Financial Statements” by Philip DrakeMegan Calcote
This document provides an overview and introduction to understanding financial statements. It begins with an agenda that outlines topics to be covered including the accounting equation, financial statement relations, ratio analysis, and cash flow analysis. It then discusses key concepts like the accounting equation that balances assets with liabilities and equity. The three main financial statements are introduced as the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. Common components of each statement are defined. The rest of the document discusses how financial statements link business decisions and valuation, and provides examples of analyzing elements like return on equity, working capital management, and cash-to-cash cycles.
How to Read a Balance Sheet - And Why You Care! (Series: MBA Boot Camp 2020) Financial Poise
This webinar provides an overview of how to read and analyze a balance sheet. It defines key components of a balance sheet including assets, liabilities, and equity. Assets are broken into current, non-current, and other categories. Liabilities are also broken into current and long-term categories. The webinar explains how a balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial condition at a point in time. It also discusses various methods for analyzing a balance sheet, including vertical analysis, horizontal analysis, and financial ratios. The faculty are then introduced, who are experts in business valuation, restructuring, and financial analysis.
This presentation is based on the subject Financial Accounting which helps the beginners to know the basic concept of accounting . This is according to the syllabus of Pt. Ravishankar University , Raipur and Durg University, Durg.
The document provides an outline and introduction to healthcare finance. It discusses key financial statements including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It then covers various types of financial ratios used to assess financial performance, such as liquidity, leverage, solvency, profitability, and performance ratios. Subsequent modules discuss ratio analysis of financial statements, profitability ratios, performance ratios, and investment ratios. A module on healthcare finance defines healthcare finance and discusses the role of finance in health services organizations and common finance activities.
Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
1. Balance Sheet
2. Income Statement
3. The accounting equation - Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity
4. Revenue and Expense accounts
5. Balance Sheet and Statement of Cash Flows
6. Revenue, Expenses, Net Income
7. Balance Sheet
8. Stockholder's Equity or Shareholder's Equity
This document contains lecture slides on various financial accounting concepts. It discusses key terms like equity, owner's equity, balance sheets, statements of affairs, liquidation, the accounting cycle, and financial statements. The slides define these terms, explain their purpose and how they relate to accounting practices. Key topics covered include calculating and presenting equity on a balance sheet, the steps of the accounting cycle, and the elements that make up basic financial statements.
The document discusses the needs and purposes of key financial statements including the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. It explains the components and calculations of these statements. It also describes common financial ratios used in analysis of statements, such as liquidity, profitability, asset management, and leverage ratios. These ratios are used to evaluate a firm's performance and financial position over time and in comparison to other companies.
Accounting provides economic information to support business decisions. The three main financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. The balance sheet presents assets, liabilities, and owner's equity on a given date to show the resources and how they are financed. Key assets include fixed assets, current assets, and inventory. The income statement matches revenues and expenses over a period to determine profit or loss.
Basic Accounting & Cost Control #1 by Dino LeonandriDINOLEONANDRI
The document provides an overview of basic accounting principles for hotel cost control, including accrual basis accounting, accounting entity concept, accounting periods, matching principle, and the three main elements of accounting - the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It explains key accounting concepts like recognizing revenue when earned and expenses when incurred, separating business and personal transactions, reporting finances annually with monthly or quarterly updates, and matching income with related expenses. It also defines the components of the balance sheet, including different types of assets, liabilities, and equity.
Accounting is the process of measuring and recording financial transactions and preparing financial statements. The four main financial statements are the balance sheet, income statement, statement of owner's equity, and statement of cash flows. Ratio analysis uses ratios calculated from the financial statements to analyze a company's financial strengths and weaknesses. Budgets are financial plans that estimate revenues, expenses and cash flows and are used for planning and control. Globalization and the move toward international accounting standards aim to increase consistency in financial reporting worldwide.
The document discusses ratio analysis and various types of financial ratios used to analyze the financial performance and position of a company. It defines key liquidity ratios like current ratio and quick ratio. It also explains leverage ratios such as debt-equity ratio and total debt ratio that measure the use of debt financing. Further, it covers activity ratios including inventory turnover ratio and debtors' turnover ratio that assess efficiency of inventory and receivables management. The document emphasizes the importance of ratio analysis and interpretation of ratios with industry benchmarks.
· Read the article and summarize.· Discuss your reaction to th.docxoswald1horne84988
· Read the article and summarize.
· Discuss your reaction to the article
· Generate 2-3 recommendations for an organization needing to create a more "thriving" environment.
· Your recommendations should be written as if you were an OB Consultant and were trying to convince top leadership the value of a "thriving" environment.
Be sure to utilize your breadth of knowledge about OB. You will be graded on your ability to use the concepts from our course to strengthen your argument. For example: performance management, motivation, leadership, and/or job design would likely relate to the article but I am sure other concepts would also fit.
**Please write 2 pages. Please provide high quality.
Aswath Damodaran! 1!
Financial Statement Analysis!
“The raw data for investing”
Aswath Damodaran! 2!
Questions we would like answered…!
Assets Liabilities
Assets in Place Debt
Equity
What is the value of the debt?
How risky is the debt?
What is the value of the equity?
How risky is the equity?
Growth Assets
What are the assets in place?
How valuable are these assets?
How risky are these assets?
What are the growth assets?
How valuable are these assets?
Aswath Damodaran! 3!
Basic Financial Statements!
The balance sheet, which summarizes what a firm owns and owes at a
point in time.
The income statement, which reports on how much a firm earned in
the period of analysis
The statement of cash flows, which reports on cash inflows and
outflows to the firm during the period of analysis
Aswath Damodaran! 4!
The Accounting Balance Sheet!
Assets Liabilities
Fixed Assets
Debt
Equity
Short-term liabilities of the firm
Intangible Assets
Long Lived Real Assets
Assets which are not physical,
like patents & trademarks
Current Assets
Financial InvestmentsInvestments in securities &
assets of other firms
Short-lived Assets
Equity investment in firm
Debt obligations of firm
Current
Liabilties
Other
Liabilities Other long-term obligations
Figure 4.1: The Balance Sheet
Aswath Damodaran! 5!
Principles underlying accounting balance
sheets!
An Abiding Belief in Book Value as the Best Estimate of Value: Unless
a substantial reason is given to do otherwise, accountants view the
historical cost as the best estimate of the value of an asset.
A Distrust of Market or Estimated Value: The market price of an asset
is often viewed as both much too volatile and too easily manipulated
to be used as an estimate of value for an asset. This suspicion runs
even deeper when values are is estimated for an asset based upon
expected future cash flows.
A Preference for under estimating value rather than over estimating it:
When there is more than one approach to valuing an asset, accounting
convention takes the view that the more conservative (lower) estimate
of value should be used rather than the less conservative (higher)
estimate of value.
Aswath Damodaran! 6!
Measuring asset value!
.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in financial accounting including the five main elements of financial accounts (revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity), the three main financial statements (income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement), and the accounting equation. It discusses each of the five financial account elements and how they are reflected in the income statement and balance sheet. The document also provides details on the balance sheet, including its purpose and key components such as current assets, non-current assets, current liabilities, and non-current liabilities.
Accounting for Entrepreneurs.
Presented by: Ms. Rand Marar, GOL Trainer
Socialize your Business, Maadi Public Library, Cairo, Egypt.
Organized by IRC, US-Embassy in Cairo
26 March, 2013
Financial statements include the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. The balance sheet summarizes a company's financial position at a point in time by listing assets, liabilities, and equity. It uses the accounting equation that assets equal liabilities plus equity. The income statement summarizes revenues and expenses over a period of time to determine profit or loss. The statement of cash flows explains the changes in a company's cash balance due to operating, investing, and financing activities during a period.
Introduction to Business Accounting and RatiosHazman Mat
The document outlines key accounting concepts including the accounting equation, the four main financial statements, ratio analysis, and budgets. It discusses the roles of various types of accountants and standards-setting bodies. It also covers international accounting issues and the move toward a single set of global standards.
Finance for Managers
(Managerial Accounting)
Role of Financial Information
• Financial information pervades our economy
– It is the primary means of communication between profit seeking
organizations and their stakeholders
– For this reason organizations use financial measures internally as a broad indicator of performance
• This financial information provides a signal that something is wrong, but not what is wrong
• Financial information summarizes underlying activities
– But to explain financial results, managers need to dig deeper
– Detailed information provides additional insight into what is happening to
profits
This document provides an overview and agenda for a 12-session public speaking course. It outlines that the course will include practical assignments, presentations, and a final presentation. Students will discuss what they know about public speaking and their expectations. The course will cover improving confidence, effective listening, speech planning, organization, introductions/conclusions, adapting to audiences, and presentational aids. It emphasizes that all great speakers had to start as bad speakers and provides tips for recognizing an effective speech through audience engagement and recall of main ideas.
1) The document discusses a study on the impact of frequent social media usage on mental health, particularly depression. The study found that increased levels of social media usage correlated with increased depression symptoms.
2) Over 4 billion people use the internet and 3.3 billion are active social media users. Several studies show links between social media use and mental health issues like depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and negative well-being.
3) The objectives of the presented study were to observe the relationship between social media and depression, anxiety, and stress. It also aimed to provide an overview of social media use among adults and children and address concerns about its negative mental health impacts.
The document provides an overview of the European Union, including:
1) It describes the EU as an economic and political partnership between 27 European countries that has delivered peace, stability, prosperity, and an integrated single market.
2) It outlines some of the key events in the history and development of the EU, from the initial European Coal and Steel Community to successive treaties and enlargements.
3) It briefly explains several EU institutions and policies, such as the European Commission, European Parliament, European Council, euro currency, and free movement within the Schengen Area.
This document provides an overview of public sector accounting. It defines the public sector as organizations established and financed by the government to provide services to the public rather than generate profit. Public sector accounting differs from business accounting in its objectives of providing services rather than maximizing profits. The document discusses the users and objectives of public sector accounting, including stewardship, planning, control, and transparency. It also outlines the constitutional and regulatory frameworks that govern public sector accounting in Yemen.
The document discusses legal liability for accountants and auditors. It covers several key concepts:
1) The legal environment for professionals like CPAs has become more litigious, with higher standards, more oversight from the SEC, increased complexity, and economic downturns contributing to more lawsuits.
2) There is an "expectation gap" between what auditors are responsible for and what users expect, leading to litigation when businesses fail regardless of the auditor's performance.
3) Auditors can be held liable to clients for negligence and have several common defenses, and they may also face liability to third parties under common law or statutes like the Securities Acts.
This document discusses decision making and the decision making process. It provides details on:
1. The decision making process involves 6 steps: clarify the decision problem, specify criteria, identify alternatives, develop a decision model, collect data, and make a decision.
2. For decision making, information should be relevant, accurate, and timely. Relevant costs are future, incremental costs that have a bearing on alternatives.
3. Types of decisions include operational, tactical, and strategic. Tactical decisions have a limited end in view while strategic decisions establish long term competitive advantage.
4. A make or buy decision example is provided, which involves deciding whether to manufacture a product internally or purchase it from an external
This document provides an overview of long-term financial planning principles and processes. It discusses key concepts like financial goals, growth objectives, planning horizons, and worst-case/normal/best-case scenarios. Examples are given of real companies that failed to properly consider long-term planning, prioritizing growth over profitability. The document also demonstrates how to create pro forma financial statements by linking income statement and balance sheet items to sales forecasts and maintaining consistent ratios over time.
Managerial accounting accounting hons slides chapter 1 the last of us e2 the last of us e2 the last of us e2 the last of us e2 the last of my house and I am from Yemen not Malaysia flight is in 4 the last of my head 🗣️🗣️ the couch with my head and what do I am not I can hold off for offering for offering for offering to help me up for college of the
The last of us e2 the first time in a while I am from Yemen not Malaysia flight is at the last of us degree cip
Cpa certificate captain America the first avenger movies on Netflix with my
Credit and debit card
1. 1. A PRESENTATIPON ON CREDIT AND DEBIT CARD
2. 2. Debit Card • Debit card allows direct withdrawal of funds from a customer’s bank account. It is a special plastic card connected with electro-magnetic identification that one can use to pay for purchases directly from his bank account. • It is used as Electronic check the funds are withdrawn directly from the account. (BANK CARD or CHECK CARD) • Instant withdrawal of cash, acting as the ATM • No annual fee.
3. 3. Types of Debit Cards • Pin only debit cards • Dual-use cards • Prepaid debit card • Online /offline debit cards and others
4. 4. Credit Card • Credit Card is a plastic card that allows its holder to buy goods or services on credit from approved sales outlets and to pay at fixed intervals through the bank. • Card Holder can borrow money for payment to a merchant and then pay it later with interest. No interest charge if the full payment is made by the due date. Some banks make a specific annual charge to their Card holders.
5. 5. Types of Credit Cards • Standard Credit Card • Premium Credit Card • Limited Purpose Credit Card • Specialty Credit Card
6. 6. Standard Credit Cards • Standard credit cards are the general purpose cards They are issued to those people whose age is above 18 year or exceed the financial institution's minimum credit criteria. No deposits are needed and the credit limit is established by the credit card issuer.
7. 7. Premium Credit Card • ". They are generally referred to as "upscale". They are offered to consumers with excellent credit, which means they've retained this standing for few years, and can afford high credit limit. These consumers typically have huge salaries and are heavy spenders and travelers. The interest and annual fees, however, tend to be high. • Example: Gold And Platinum Cards
8. 8. Limited Purpose Credit Card • Limited Purpose credit cards can only be used at specific locations. The card is used with a minimum payment and finance charge. • Example: Store Credit Cards and Gas Credit Cards
9. 9. Specialty Credit Cards Specialty cards typically are offered through affiliations, partnerships, major brand retailers or service providers. specialty credit cards share a partnership between organizations that support a social cause, professional organization or an alumni association.
10. 10. Transaction and Parties involved • Merchant • Acquirer • Issuer • Cardholder
11. 11. Transaction Processing
12. 12. Difference Between Credit Card and Debit Card Credit Card Debit Card Credit card is issued by a bank or financial institution to the holder of the card to purchase goods and services on credit. The payment is made by the bank on the customer’s behalf. Debit card is issued by a bank to allow its customers to purchase goods and services, whose payment is made directly through the customer’s account linked to the card. Transactions are of credit Nature. Transactions are of Debt Nature. Risk of overspending. No or Less risk of over
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1. Lecture 3
Financial Analysis
Principles of Corporate Finance
Dr. Abdullah Hamoud
Main source: Ross, Westerfield and Jordan (2010). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 9th ed. McGraw-Hill
2. Financial Statements
The four required financial statements are:
▪ The balance sheet,
▪ The income statement,
▪ The shareholders` statement
▪ The statement of cash flows
3. The Balance Sheet
▪ The balance sheet is a snapshot of the firm.
▪ It is a convenient means of organizing and
summarizing what a firm owns (its assets),
what a firm owes (its liabilities), and the
difference between the two (the firm’s equity)
at a given point in time.
▪ Thus, the balance sheet shows the current
financial position.
4. The Balance Sheet
▪ The balance sheet is potentially useful to
many different parties:
o A supplier might look at the size of accounts
payable to see how promptly the firm pays its bills.
o A potential creditor would examine the liquidity and
degree of financial leverage.
o Managers within the firm can track things like the
amount of cash and the amount of inventory the
firm keeps on hand.
8. The Balance Sheet
Current Assets
• Cash and other marketable securities, which are short-
term, low-risk investments that can be easily sold and
converted to cash within a year
• Accounts receivable, which are amounts owed to the
firm by customers who have purchased goods or
services on credit;
• Inventories, which are composed of raw materials as
well as work-in-progress and finished goods;
• Other current assets, which is a catch-all category that
includes items such as prepaid expenses.
9. The Balance Sheet
Fixed Assets
• Assets like real estate or machinery that
produce tangible benefits for more than one
year: property, plant and equipment
• Reduced by the value recorded for this
equipment through a yearly deduction called
depreciation
• Intangible assets: goodwill, patent, trademark
10. The Balance Sheet
Current Liabilities
• Accounts payable, the amounts owed to
suppliers for products or services purchased on
credit.
• Notes payable, loans that must be repaid within
a year.
• Accrual items, Accrued expenses
11. The Balance Sheet
Long-term Liabilities
• Deferred taxes
• Long-term debt
Stockholders’ Equity
• Preferred stock
• Common stock
• Capital surplus
• Accumulated retained earrings
12. Balance Sheet Analysis
There are three things to keep in mind when
analyzing a balance sheet :
1.Accounting liquidity
2.Debt versus equity
3.Market value versus book value (value versus
cost)
13. Balance Sheet Analysis
Liquidity
Refers to the ease and quickness with which
assets can be converted to cash—without a
significant loss in value.
▪ Current assets are relatively liquid and include cash
and assets we expect to convert to cash over the
next 12 months.
▪ Fixed assets are, for the most part, relatively illiquid.
14. Balance Sheet Analysis
Liquidity
▪ The more liquid a firm’s assets, the less likely the
firm is to experience problems meeting short term
obligations.
▪ Liquid assets are generally less profitable to hold.
For example, cash holdings are the most liquid of all
investments, but they sometimes earn no return at
all—they just sit there.
15. Balance Sheet Analysis
Debt versus equity
▪ To the extent that a firm borrows money, it usually
gives first claim to the firm’s cash flow to creditors.
▪ Equity holders are entitled to only the residual value,
the portion left after creditors are paid.
▪ The value of this residual portion is the shareholders’
equity in the firm, which is just the value of the firm’s
assets less the value of the firm’s liabilities:
Shareholders’ equity = Assets + Liabilities
16. Balance Sheet Analysis
Debt versus equity
▪ The use of debt in a firm’s capital structure is called
financial leverage.
▪ The more debt a firm has (as a percentage of assets),
the greater is its degree of financial leverage.
▪ Financial leverage increases the potential reward to
shareholders, but it also increases the potential for
financial distress and business failure.
17. Balance Sheet Analysis
Market value versus book value
▪ The values shown on the balance sheet for the
firm’s assets are book values and generally
are not what the assets are actually worth.
▪ Audited financial statements generally show
assets at historical cost.
▪ Assets are “carried on the books” at what the
firm paid for them, no matter how long ago
they were purchased or how much they are
worth today.
▪
18. Balance Sheet Analysis
Market value versus book value
In this example, shareholders’ equity is actually worth almost twice as much
as what is shown on the books. The distinction between book and market
values is important precisely because book values can be so different from
true economic value.
19. The Income Statement
The income statement measures performance
over some period of time, usually a quarter or a
year.
The income statement equation is:
Revenues Expenses Income
- =
20. The Income Statement
If we think of the balance sheet as a snapshot,
then we can think of the income statement as a
video recording covering the period between
before and after pictures.
23. Income Statement Analysis
There are three things to keep in mind when
analyzing an income statement:
1.Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
(GAAP)
2. Noncash Items
3. Time and Costs
24. Income Statement Analysis
GAAP
• The matching principal of GAAP dictates that
revenues be matched with expenses.
• Thus, income is reported when it is earned,
even though no cash flow may have occurred.
25. Income Statement Analysis
Noncash Items
• Depreciation is the most apparent. No firm
ever writes a check for “depreciation.”
• when we purchase a machine, the cash flow
occurs immediately, but we recognize the
expense of the machine over time as it is used
in the production process (i.e., depreciation).
• Another noncash item is deferred taxes, which
does not represent a cash flow.
• Thus, net income is not cash.
26. Income Statement Analysis
Time and Costs
• In the short run, certain equipment, resources,
and commitments of the firm are fixed, but the
firm can vary such inputs as labor and raw
materials.
• In the long run, all inputs of production (and
hence costs) are variable.
27. Income Statement Analysis
Time and Costs
• Financial accountants do not distinguish
between variable costs and fixed costs.
Instead, accounting costs usually fit into a
classification that distinguishes product costs
from period costs.
• Product costs: raw materials, direct labor, and
manufacturing overhead •
• Period costs: selling, general and
administrative expenses.
28. Sources and Uses of Cash
▪ Activities that bring in cash are called sources
of cash.
▪ Activities that involve spending cash
are called uses (or applications) of cash.
▪ We need to trace the changes in the firm’s
balance sheet to see how the firm obtained
and spent its cash during some period.
30. ▪ We see that inventory rose by $29. This is a net use
because Prufrock effectively paid out $29 to increase
inventories.
▪ Accounts payable rose by $32. This is a source of cash
because Prufrock effectively has borrowed an additional
$32 payable by the end of the year.
▪ Notes payable, on the other hand, went down by $35, so
Prufrock effectively paid off $35 worth of short-term debt—a
use of cash.
Sources and Uses of Cash- Example
31. ▪ The net addition to cash is just the difference between
sources and uses, and our $14 result here agrees with the
$14 change shown on the balance sheet.
Sources and Uses of Cash- Example
▪ Based on this, we can summarize the sources and uses of
cash from the balance sheet as follows:
32. Financial Ratios
▪ To avoid the problems involved in comparing
companies of different sizes financial ratios
are calculated and compared.
▪ Financial ratios are traditionally grouped into
the following categories:
1. Short-term solvency (liquidity) ratios.
2. Long-term solvency (financial leverage) ratios.
3. Asset management (turnover) ratios.
4. Profitability ratios.
5. Market value ratios.
33. Financial Ratios
1- Short-term solvency (liquidity) ratios.
▪ Short-term solvency ratios are intended to
provide information about a firm’s liquidity, and
these ratios are sometimes called liquidity
measures.
▪ The primary concern is the firm’s ability to pay
its bills over the short run without undue
stress. Consequently, these ratios focus on
current assets and current liabilities.
34. Financial Ratios
1- Short-term solvency (liquidity) ratios.
▪ The current ratio is a measure of short-term
liquidity.
▪ The unit of measurement is either dollars or times.
▪ It is computed as follows:
1-1 Current Ratio
35. Financial Ratios
1- Short-term solvency (liquidity) ratios.
▪ This ratio is the same as the current ratio, just
inventory is excluded.
▪ It is computed as follows:
1-2 Quick (Acid-Test) Ratio
36. Financial Ratios
1- Short-term solvency (liquidity) ratios.
▪ This ratio consider cash only.
▪ It is computed as follows:
1-3 Cash Ratio
37. Financial Ratios
1- Short-term solvency (liquidity) ratios.
▪ The difference between current assets and
current liabilities is the firm’s net working
capital, the capital available in the short term
to run the business.
▪ It is computed as follows:
Net Working Capital ≡ Current Assets – Current
Liabilities
1-4 Net working capital
38. Financial Ratios
1- Short-term solvency (liquidity) ratios.
▪ The difference between current assets and
current liabilities is the firm’s net working
capital, the capital available in the short term
to run the business.
▪ It is computed as follows:
Net Working Capital =
Current Assets – Current Liabilities
1-4 Net working capital
39. Financial Ratios
1- Short-term solvency (liquidity) ratios.
▪ Positive when the cash that will be received
over the next 12 months exceeds the cash that
will be paid out.
▪ Usually positive in a healthy firm
1-4 Net working capital
40. Financial Ratios
1- Short-term solvency (liquidity) ratios.
▪ It is computed as follows:
1-5 Net working capital to total assets