Industrial Information Systems

1. ISE212
Industrial Information System – II
Design & Applications
Lecture #1: Welcome to Course
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Adil Alpkoçak, Spring 2016

2. What is ISE212 about?
ISE-212 Industrial Information Systems-II
The course has three major parts
1. Introduction and fundamentals of database design
2. Architecture design methods
3. Implementation of Web applications

3. Weekly Schedule
Week # Date Topic
1 22/02 Welcome to ISE212
2 29/02 Relational Database Model
3 07/03 Relational Database Model
4 14/03 Data Modeling
5 21/03 Data Modeling
6 28/03 Mid-term Exam
7 04/04 Structured Analysis and Functional Architecture Design
8 11/04 Informational Architecture and Logical Database Design
9 18/04 Design of User Interface
10 25/04 Mid-term exam
11 02/05 Case Study
12 09/05 Case Study
13 16/05 Term Projects
14 23/05 Term projects

4. Textbook
• Thomas Boucher, Ali Yalcin,
Design of Industrial Information
Systems,
Elsevier, 2006,
ISBN: 978-0-12-370492-4

5. Class Communication
• A Google group has been set for class communications
• To subscribe to group send an e-mail to
ise212+subscribe@googlegroups.com
• All class announcements will be made through this email
groups.
• There is no office hour for this class. If you need help,
please send an email asking your question.
• If you need to contact directly to to me please drop me an
email at
alpkocak@cs.deu.edu.tr

6. Grading Policy
Description Weight (%)
Mid-term Exams 25
Assignment and Homeworks 25
Final Exam 50
TOTAL 100

7. Academic Dishonesty
• Academic cheating is defined as representing someone
else's work as your own.
• It can take many forms:
• including sharing another's work,
• mproper collaborating on assignments
• purchasing a term paper or test questions in advance,
• paying another to do the work for you.
• Cheating is strongly prohibited !!! If happens, it will be
graded with zero for that exam.
• If it repeats, the university administrations will be
informed.

8. How to study for ISE212 to success
• Attend to lectures and don’t miss any class, take notes.
• Be active member of class and ask questions whenever
something is unclear to you. Don’t forget, the most foolish
question is the un-asked question !!!
• Take care your health. If you get cold, you can miss a
class which may not be recoverable.
• Study daily-basis. Don’t allow subjects to be stacked over.
• Before coming to class review the previous week’s topic
and pre-read the next topic from text-book.
• Do exercises and submit it in time.
• Study well to all exams, try to do your best.

9. DATA, INFORMATION,
KNOWLEDGE

10. 10
Relationships Amongst Knowledge,
Information, and Data

11. 11
Definitions
 Data management
 Information management
 Knowledge management

12. Data
• Data are raw facts and
figures that on their own
have no meaning
• These can be any
alphanumeric
characters i.e. text,
numbers, symbols

13. Data Examples
• Yes, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes
• 42, 63, 96, 74, 56, 86
• 111192, 111234
• None of the above data sets have any meaning until
they are given a CONTEXT and PROCESSED into a
useable form

14. Data Into Information
• To achieve its aims the organisation will need to process
data into information.
• Data needs to be turned into meaningful information and
presented in its most useful format
• Data must be processed in a context in order to give it
meaning

15. Information
• Data that has been processed within a context to give it
meaning
OR
• Data that has been processed into a form that gives it
meaning

16. Examples
• In the next 3 examples
explain how the data
could be processed to
give it meaning
• What information can
then be derived from the
data?
Suggested answers are given at the end of this presentation

17. Example 1
Yes, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes,
No, Yes, No, Yes, YesRaw Data
Context
Responses to the market
research question – “Would
you buy brand x at price y?”
Information ???
Processing

18. Example 2
Raw Data
Context
Information
42, 63, 96, 74, 56, 86
Jayne’s scores in the six
modules
???
Processing

19. Example 3
Raw Data
Context
Information
111192, 111234
The previous and current
readings of a customer’s
gas meter
???
Processing

20. Knowledge
• Knowledge is the understanding of rules needed to
interpret information
“…the capability of
understanding the relationship
between pieces of information
and what to actually do with the
information”
Debbie Jones – www.teach-ict.com

21. Knowledge Examples
• Using the 3 previous examples:
• A Marketing Manager could use this information to
decide whether or not to raise or lower price y
• Jayne’s teacher could analyse the results to determine
whether it would be worth her re-sitting a module
• Looking at the pattern of the customer’s previous gas
bills may identify that the figure is abnormally low and
they are fiddling the gas meter!!!

22. Knowledge Workers
• Knowledge workers have specialist knowledge that
makes them “experts”
• Based on formal and informal rules they have learned through
training and experience
• Examples include doctors, managers, librarians,
scientists…

23. Expert Systems
• Because many rules are based
on probabilities computers can
be programmed with “subject
knowledge” to mimic the role of
experts
• One of the most common uses
of expert systems is in medicine
• The ONCOLOG system shown
here analyses patient data to
provide a reference for doctors,
and help for the choice,
prescription and follow-up of
chemotherapy

24. Summary
Information Data Context Meaning= ++
Processing
Data – raw facts and figures
Information – data that has been processed (in a context) to give it meaning
Knowledge Information Rules= +

25. Data Representation
• Bit
• Byte
• Numbers (signed, unsigned, floting point)
• Character
• Text
• Image
• Sound

26. INDUSTRIAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS

27. What is an Industrial Information System?
• Computer hardware and software that
integrates decision processes of an industrial
enterprise through information sharing
• Organized around “processes,” which are
related activities that share information to
achieve a specific organizational objective
• Human Resource Management
• Sales and Order Entry
• Supply Chain Management
27

28. IIS Supports Decision Making
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software
Long-term decision horizon. Includes sales forecasting and
aggregate planning of the use of resources to meet customer
demand over a time horizon of months.
Supports most of the “business functions” of the enterprise, for
example:
• Sales and Order Entry
• Purchasing and Inventory Control
• Accounting
28
• Standard industry decision-support software is
classified based on decision-making time horizons

29. IIS Supports Decision Making
• Manufacturing Execution System (MES)
software
Short-term decision horizon. Attempts to manage
resources on a daily or hourly basis.
Supports most of the “daily operational functions” of
the enterprise, for example:
• Dispatching jobs to production and tracking work-in-
process
• Hourly analysis of quality control data
• Data collection from production operations to provide
a history of factory events
29

30. IIS Supports Decision Making
• Machine Control Layer software
• Real-time decision horizon. Manages the operation of
equipment in a time interval of seconds.
• Computer Numerical Control (CNC) programs
• Robotic Control Programs
• PLC Control of production lines
• Real-time collection of sensor data
30

31. IIS Supports Decision Making
31
Planning
Level
Execution
Level
Control
Level
ERP
Forecasting Production planning Inventory
Costing Purchasing Transportation
Supply chain management
MES
Operation scheduling Lot traceability
Production dispatching Quality control
Work-in-process status Maintenance
Process Control layer
Process set point control Process monitoring
Machine tool control Cell control
What to
produce
How to
manufacture
What was
produced
Real-time
actual
results

32. • ANetworkArchitecture is a description of how the various
levels of the decision hierarchy communicate with the enterprise
database
32

33. KeyApplications in Modern Industrial Enterprises
• Order Fulfillment Management
To track an order from its creation until the time it is shipped
33
Order
Entry
Customer Order
Production
Control
Inventory
Purchasing
Shipping
Unfilled Orders
Material
Requisition
Material
Use
Material Orders
Material Supply
Finished
Product
Shipped ProductOrder Fill Confirmation
• Some contributions of IIS
-speed: reduces time & cost for departments to communicate
-accuracy: provides correct counts of orders & material in process

34. KeyApplications in Modern Industrial Enterprises
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
To maintain the relationship between the enterprise and its customers
in order to promote sales and to more easily service customer needs.
- Direct sales over the Internet
- Technical support
- Scheduling sales force visitations to key customers
- Notifications to follow up on customer requests
Some contributions of IIS
- Market share retention: customer service is an important basis of
competition in many industries
- Cost effectiveness: use of enterprise database in conjunction with the
Internet makes it possible to deliver customer service at low cost
34

35. KeyApplications in Modern Industrial Enterprises
• Warehouse Management Systems (WMS)
To manage inventory storage by location, efficiently direct the picking
and packing of shipments, and locate items with high throughput
close to the shipping dock.
• Keep track of changes in status of material lots (on hold, released
for shipping, etc)
• Store in relation to shipping dock based on throughput (A vs. B and
C item)
• Data analysis of activities in warehouse (e.g., picking & packing) to
assess dollar costs
• Automatic generation of warehouse reports for management
Some Contributions of IIS
• Enable real-time data analysis: Continuous revision of A, B, C
classifications and storage location
• Cost-effective reporting: Database application allows reports to be
generated at minimum cost
35

36. KeyApplications in Modern Industrial Enterprises
• Distribution System & Supply Chain Management
To provide cost-effective integration of supplier coordination and product
distribution with enterprise operations
36
CustomerSupplier Factory CDC RDC LDC Retailer
Enterprise
- Manage inventory levels
- Manage delivery lead times
- Track orders through distribution
- Point-of-sale information gathering
- Real time data exchange with supply chain partners
- Real time analysis of transportation alternatives
Some Contributions of IIS
- Customer satisfaction: customer deliveries on time
- Cost reduction: control of lead times and visibility of inventory across the
supply chain keeps inventory levels low

37. Information System vs. Decision Support System
• Decision support system: software modules that
analyze data and present results to management for
decision making
- Demand forecasting software
- Factory scheduling software
- Quality control software
• Information system: A set of models that describes
enterprise data and its use, along with an
implementation of the models in databases, forms and
reports. The information system provides the
foundation on which the decision support system may
be built.
37

38. Manufacturing Systems and Information
Requirements
The information requirements of a manufacturing
system depends on
• The type of product
• The organization and design of the manufacturing system
38
Mechanical Fabrication
Industries
Job Shop Design
Flow Line Design
Cellular Design
Process Industries
Continuous Process Design
Batch Process design

39. Mechanical Fabrication Industry Designs
39
L G
L G
M D
M D
CELLULAR
Lathe
Department
Milling
Department
Drilling
Department
Grinding
Department
FUNCTIONAL or JOB SHOP
Material
Infeed
Station 1
Operator
Station 2
Operator
Station 3
Operator
FLOW LINE

40. Mechanical Fabrication Industry Information
Requirements
• Product Information Required
• Bill of Materials (BOM)
• Master List of components, purchased components,
purchased parts, and subassemblies required to produce
a complete product.
• Process Information Required
• Process (Routing) Plan
• Process plan is a sequence of machining operations
that take a raw material and transforms it into a
component usable in the final product. Routing plan
incorporates the specific machine type used in an
operation
40

41. PROCESS INDUSTRIES
• Continuous Process Design
• petroleum refineries, most chemical plants
• high production rates, but dedicated to the production of a
narrow range of products
• control problem is to maintain set points of the process
such as temperature or pressure
41
Process A
Inputs
Process B
Process C
co-procuct B
co-product A
by-product
by-product

42. Process Industries
• Batch Process Design
• food and pharmaceutical industry
• lower production rates, but higher flexibility in
terms of types of products
• control problem is similar to mechanical
fabrication industry
Steam-jacked
Kettle
Piston Filler Packaging/Filling Line Retort/Sterilizer
42

43. BATCH PROCESS DESIGN INFORMATION
REQUIREMENTS
• Formula is the same as BOM and describes process inputs,
process parameters and process outputs.
• Formula is a sub category of a more general specification called
recipe, which includes the formula, the equipment requirements
and the detailed procedures of manufacturing
43
CODE: 1034 ITEM: Chicken Broth Gallons:300 Yield: 100 cans
Processing Time: 30 min. Initial Temp: 75oF Cook Temp: 240-260oF
Percent ITEM Units Amt
4.2 Chicken Broth, 10% lbs. 100
2.0 Chicken Fat lbs. 40
1.5 Carrot Puree lbs. 36
1.1 Salt lbs. 26
0.01 All Spice oz. 4
90.99 Water gal. As needed to attain 300
gallons.
CODE: 1034 ITEM: Chicken Broth Gallons:300 Yield: 100 cans
Processing Time: 30 min. Initial Temp: 75oF Cook Temp: 240-260oF
Percent ITEM Units Amt
4.2 Chicken Broth, 10% lbs. 100
2.0 Chicken Fat lbs. 40
1.5 Carrot Puree lbs. 36
1.1 Salt lbs. 26
0.01 All Spice oz. 4
90.99 Water gal. As needed to attain 300
gallons.
Example of a Formula in the Food Industry

44. Brief History of IIS Evolution
• 1960-late 1970’s: Mainframe computers and
early application software used to develop IT
applications as labor saving tools.
• Corporate accounting systems
• Payroll systems
• Order entry systems
• Billing and invoicing systems
• 1970’s-1980’s: Addition of business operations
and introduction of the personal computer.
• Factory planning and scheduling decision support software
• Spreadsheet applications
44

45. Brief History of IIS Evolution
• Late 1980’s-1990’s: Focus on identifying “business
processes” and developing applications around these
processes.
• Order fulfillment management
• Warehouse management systems
• Quality management
• Client/server architecture
• Mid 1990’s-2006: Focus on Web server applications.
Integration of organizations through shared
information and Web based applications
• E-commerce
• Supply chain management
• HTML
• XML
45

46. Brief History of IIS Evolution
• 1980’s-1990
• Advent of the personal computer leads to departmental level
ownership of information. Applications are isolated from one
another in “islands of information”.
• 1990’s-2006
• Emphasis on integrating islands of information into enterprise
wide databases that can be accessed throughout the
organization.
46
sales
QC
shipping
Enterprise
Database

47. Major Topics in Design of IIS
• Database Systems
• Database (def.): A collection of related data or information.
• Database Management System (def.): Software tool that manages
and controls access to the data.
• Relational Database Viewed as Tables
47
Physical Design User Views

48. Major Topics in Design of IIS
• Structured Query Language
• The programming language used to manipulate data in
a relational database.
48
Related records
SELECT VENDOR.V_NAME, PURCHASE_ORDER.PO_NUMBER
FROM VENDOR, PURCHASE_ORDER
WHERE VENDOR.VENDOR_ID=PUCHASE_ORDER.VENDOR_ID
AND VENDOR.VENDOR_ID=“V110”;

49. Major Topics in Design of IIS
• Data Modeling
• A formalism used at the conceptual level to represent entities
(tables), their attributes, and their relationships.
49

50. Major Topics in Design of IIS
• Forms and Reports: user screens for interacting with the database.
50
– Form: computer screen that allows the user to view data and, if he has
permission, to add and delete data.
– Report: any document that retrieves information
from the database and formats it for presentation.

51. Major Topics in Design of IIS
51
• Web Based Applications
• HTML: a scripting language for formatting Web pages
• ASP & JSP: file types for VBScript and JavaScript that allows code
to be written for database queries
• VBScript and Jscript: the coding language for Visual Basic and Java
used with Active Server Pages (ASP) and Java Server Pages (JSP)
• Web Server Software: provides support for ASP and JSP
• Internet Information Server (Microsoft)
• Apache Server or Tomcat Server (SUN Microsystems)