Agriculture depends on healthy ecosystems that provide services like nutrient recycling and pollination. Clearing native vegetation and inappropriate land use have contributed to declines in biodiversity and ecosystem function. Pakistan has over 5,000 plant and animal species, including many endemic species found in its diverse ecosystems like forests, wetlands, and mountains. However, threats like deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion, dams, pollution, and unsustainable agricultural practices are degrading biodiversity in Pakistan.
Assessing the impact of overgrazing on the habitat structure and food availab...Sahara Conservation Fund
Presented during the 17h Annual Sahelo-Saharan Interest Group Meeting organized by the NGO Sahara Conservation Fund in Senegal, from 4 to 6 May 2017. The Sahara Conservation Fund (SCF) gathers every year about a hundred people who are interested in the field of Sahelo-Saharan species conservation.
Assessing the impact of overgrazing on the habitat structure and food availab...Sahara Conservation Fund
Presented during the 17h Annual Sahelo-Saharan Interest Group Meeting organized by the NGO Sahara Conservation Fund in Senegal, from 4 to 6 May 2017. The Sahara Conservation Fund (SCF) gathers every year about a hundred people who are interested in the field of Sahelo-Saharan species conservation.
Across New Jersey, more than 80 species—from birds to bobcats—are imperiled by loss of habitat and other man-made threats. Wildlife advocates and state agencies are rushing to their rescue, but funds are limited.
Use of Seagrasses as Natural Forage Source for Small Ruminants: The Example o...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
The search for new sources of food that contribute to the optimization of livestock production is urgently needed, especially in the Spanish SE where rainfall is increasingly scarce and land degradation makes grazing of small ruminants difficult. This work provides in vivo and in vitro data on the nutritional composition, digestibility, inputs in sheep and goats.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000572.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of Agronomy please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
Across New Jersey, more than 80 species—from birds to bobcats—are imperiled by loss of habitat and other man-made threats. Wildlife advocates and state agencies are rushing to their rescue, but funds are limited.
Use of Seagrasses as Natural Forage Source for Small Ruminants: The Example o...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
The search for new sources of food that contribute to the optimization of livestock production is urgently needed, especially in the Spanish SE where rainfall is increasingly scarce and land degradation makes grazing of small ruminants difficult. This work provides in vivo and in vitro data on the nutritional composition, digestibility, inputs in sheep and goats.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000572.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of Agronomy please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
this is the detail documents in which you will know the wild life in pakistan which include birds, mammals, reptiles, insects carnivorious, herbivorious etc
PHILIPPINE DIVERSITY
Introduction
Classification of Biodiversity
Classification of Organisms
Why Study Biodiversity
3 Kingdom of Classification
Reports on the Number of Species in the World and in the Philippines
Number of Species of Plants and Fungi in the Philippines
Number of Species per Animal Group in the Philippines
Endangered and Threatened Species
Ecosystem Diversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Studies the physico-chemical parameters of water, soil and the nutritional va...ijtsrd
India is a high speed population growing country and present population of India is about 127 crores. Among them a huge number of our children have been suffering from mal-nutritional diseases. They need protein feed and molluscs meat especially cephalopods meat is a good source of protein. India harvested 1.73 lakh tones of cephalopods, 0.04 lakh tones of bivalves and 0.02 tones of gastropods from Indian marine resources like Arabian sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean in the year 2013-2014. The people of southern states of India consume molluscs meat in huge quantity as their everyday protein resource food. The local poor people at Digha eat occasionally only cephalopods meat. From our study for about last 4 years we get 12 bivalves species belonging to 5 orders, 6 families and 8 genera out of 54 available bivalves species, 2 gastropods species belonging to 2 orders, 2 families and 2 genera out of 35 available gastropods species and 4 cephalopods species belonging to 3 orders, 3 families and 4 genera out of 4 available cephalopods species are edible. Manotosh Das | Maity Joydev"Studies the physico-chemical parameters of water, soil and the nutritional values of edible cephalopods found at Digha coast, West Bengal, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2253.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/2253/studies-the-physico-chemical-parameters-of-water-soil-and-the-nutritional-values-of-edible-cephalopods-found-at-digha-coast-west-bengal-india/manotosh-das
\'Biodiversity\' or \'biological diversity\' can be defined as \'the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems in a region.\' The Convention on Biological Diversity gives the following definition of \'biodiversity\'.
14 . Energies sources ( Tidal energy renewable energy ) A Series of Presen...
Lecture 16 article
1. Lecture 16 Article
Agriculture Biodiversitya Dilemma inFuture Crop Production
Agriculture
Agriculture dependsonhealthyecosystemstoprovide servicesthatincludenutrientandwaste
recycling,pollinationfrominsects,sedimentcontrol,andcleanwater.Clearingof native vegetation,
some grazingpracticesand inappropriate fertilizeruse have contributedtoadecline inwaterquality,
ecosystemfunctionandinbiodiversity.
Ecosystem
An ecosystemisanatural entity(ora system) withdistinctstructuresandrelationshipsthatinter-link
bioticcommunities(of plants,animalsandmicro-organisms)toeachotherand to theira biotic
environment.The extensionof anecosystemdoesnothave precise limits,butischaracterizedbya
commonoriginor commondynamicprocess.Ecosystemsmake upbignatural systemssuchas
grasslands,mangroves,coral reefsandtropical forests,butalsoagro-ecosystems,whichare highly
dependentonhumanactivitiesfortheirexistence andmaintenance.
Critical Ecosystemsand Pakistan
Under the Global 200, ecosystemshave beenrankedtocarry outconservationthroughcomparative
analysis.Itcoversall habitatsonthe land massesandinthe ocean.The Earth has beendividedinto238
ecoregions,bythe UnitedNation,the National GeographicSocietywithWWF.Outof them5 are in
Pakistan.The Global ecoregionsof Pakistanare:
Rann of Kutch floodedgrasslands
TibetanPlateau
WesternHimalayanTemperate Forests
IndusDeltaEcosystem
5. ArabianSea
About5,500 - 6,000 speciesof vascularplantshave beenrecordedinPakistanincludingbothnative and
introducedspecies.The floraincludedelementsof the 6phytogeographicregions.4monotypicgenera
of floweringplantsandaround400 (7.8%) speciesare endemictoPakistan.
Almost80% of the endemicsare foundinthe northernandwesternmountainsThe KashmirHimalayas
are identifiedasa global centre of plantdiversityandendemism.Familieswithmore than20 recorded
endemicsare Papilionaceae(57species),Compositae (49),Umbelliferae (34),Poaceae (32) and
Brassicaceae (20).
MammalsAround174 mammal specieshave beenreportedinPakistan.Outof these,there are atleast3
endemicspeciesandanumberof endemicandnearendemicsub-species(BiodiversityActionPlanfor
Pakistan,WWF- P, IUCN - P and GoP).
2. 668 birdspecieshave beenrecordedinPakistan.Outof them, 375 were recordedasbreedingBreeding
birdsare a mixture of PalearcticandIndomalayanforms( 1/3rd) and the occurrence of manyspeciesat
one or the other geographical limitsof theirrange showsthe diverseoriginsof the avifauna.The
SuleimanRange,the HinduKush,andthe Himalayasinthe NWFPandAzadKashmircomprise partof the
WesternHimalayanEndemicBirdArea;thisisthe global centre of birdendemism.The IndusValley
wetlandsare the secondareaof endemism.
Reptiles/Amphibians
Around177 species,beingablendof PalearcticandIndomalayanforms.Outof the total 14 speciesof
turtles,90 of lizardsand65 of snakeshave beenreported.While 13speciesare believedtobe endemic.
Beinga semi aridcountry,only22 speciesof amphibianshave beenrecorded,of which9are endemic.
(BiodiversityActionPlanforPakistan,WWF - P, IUCN - P and GoP).Fish/InvertebratesPakistanhas198
native andintroducedfreshwaterfishspecies.The fishfaunaispredominatelysouthAsianandwith
some westAsianandhighAsianelements.Fishspeciesdiversityishighestinthe Indusriverplainsandin
adjacenthill ranges(KirtharRange),andinthe HimalayanfoothillsinHazara,Malakand,Swat and
Peshawar.Diversityislowestinthe mountainzone of the northernmountainsandaridpartsof north-
westBaluchistan.There are 29 endemicspecies.There hasbeenlittle researchonInvertebratesof
Pakistan.About5,000 speciesof invertebrateshave beenrecordedincludinginsects(1,000speciesof
true bugs,400 speciesof butterfliesandmoths,110 species of fliesand49 speciesof termites).Other
includes109 speciesof marine worms,over800 speciesof mollusksand355 speciesof nematodes.
(BiodiversityActionPlanforPakistan,WWF - P, IUCN - P and GoP).
Threats to Biodiversity:
Deforestation:Pricinciplecause of deforestationinPakistanisthe consumptionof fuel woodand
timber.
Grazing:
Rapidlyincreasingdomesticlivestockpopulationisthe directcause of degradationonrangelandsand
forests.
Soil Erosion & Desertification:
Agricultural activitiesandoverstockinghasleadtothe reductionof vegetationcover,resultinginthe
accelerationof bothwindandwatererosion.Dams/Irrigation:The constructionof damsandbarragesin
the Indusbasinto control floodingandstore waterforirrigationhave greatlyincreasedthe amountof
WetlandshabitatinPakistan.Reductioninfreshwaterflow tothe coasthas greatlyincreasedsalinityin
mangrove forests.The mostseriouseffecthasbeenthe consequentconversionof landtoagriculture,
withremoval of extensivetractsof riverine andthornforestsandthe resultingdisappearance fromlarge
areas of the associatedfauna.Salination/waterlogging:Beingaseriousproblemfacedbythe agriculture
sector,pocketsof forestsof the Indusbasincouldbe threatened.Pollution:Pakistanfacesaserious
challenge of growingpollutioninurbanareasand watercourses.Likewise dischargeof sewage and
industrial effluentintoaquaticandmarine ecosystemsisalsoonthe rise.InPakistan's1981 census,415
citieswere classedasurbaninwhichlessthanone thirdof the populationresides,whichisincreasingby
4.4% per annum.Hunting/Fishing:There isastrong traditionof illegalhuntingandsportshuntingin
Pakistan.Thishasresultedinto the declineof birdandmammal species.Agricultural practices:Pakistan
facesdegradationof agro-ecosystemscausedbyirrigation.The agricultural use of pesticidesand