This document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum. It describes how electromagnetic waves are periodic disturbances of electric and magnetic fields that all travel at the speed of light. The spectrum is characterized by frequency and wavelength, which are related by the speed of light. The spectrum ranges from low frequency radio waves to high frequency gamma rays and is divided into regions including radio, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Each region has distinct wavelength ranges and applications. The document focuses on wavelengths used in remote sensing.
Introduction to Remote Sensing- Remote sensing” is the science (and to some e...Ange Felix NSANZIYERA
"Remote sensing” is the science (and to some extent, art) of acquiring information about the Earth's surface without actually being in contact with it. This is done by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing, and applying that information."
In much of remote sensing, the process involves an interaction between incident radiationand the targets of interest. This is exemplified by the use of imaging systems where thefollowing seven elements are involved. Note, however that remote sensing also involves thesensing of emitted energy and the use of non-imaging sensors.
Electromagnetic spectrum and its interaction with atmosphere & matterpritiverma34
1. The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from gamma rays to radio waves, with different types of radiation having different wavelength ranges. Several regions of the spectrum are useful for remote sensing including ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and microwaves.
2. When electromagnetic radiation interacts with the atmosphere, it can be scattered, absorbed, or pass through. Scattering is affected by the wavelength and atmospheric particles, while absorption is caused mainly by ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
3. At the Earth's surface, radiation can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected. Reflection is important for remote sensing and can be specular or diffuse depending on the surface smoothness.
Remote sensing uses electromagnetic radiation (EMR) reflected or emitted from the Earth's surface to detect and identify surface features. EMR interacts with the atmosphere and surface in different ways depending on its wavelength. Shorter wavelengths like visible and infrared radiation are either absorbed or scattered in the atmosphere by gases, particles and moisture. Remote sensing instruments measure reflected solar radiation and emitted terrestrial radiation to understand surface properties.
The document discusses electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its interactions in remote sensing. It explains that EMR interacts with the atmosphere, Earth's surface, and remote sensor detector. The key interactions are absorption, scattering, and reflection. Absorption removes energy from EMR, while scattering changes its direction. Reflection returns energy to the sensor. Together these interactions impact which parts of the electromagnetic spectrum can be used for remote sensing.
This document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of remote sensing. It defines remote sensing as acquiring information about Earth's surface without physical contact, using sensors to detect reflected or emitted energy. The remote sensing process involves 7 steps: an energy source illuminates a target, radiation interacts with the atmosphere and target, a sensor records the energy, data is transmitted and processed into an image, the image is interpreted to extract information, and that information is applied. The document describes the electromagnetic spectrum, noting the wavelengths useful for remote sensing like visible light, infrared, and microwaves. It also explains how radiation interacts with the atmosphere through scattering and absorption before reaching the target.
Introduction to Remote Sensing- by Wankie RichmanRichmanWankie
The document discusses remote sensing and provides details about the electromagnetic spectrum used in remote sensing. It covers:
- Remote sensing involves obtaining information about objects without physical contact using electromagnetic radiation from different parts of the spectrum.
- The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from gamma rays to radio waves and remote sensing utilizes specific portions including ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and microwave regions.
- Key aspects of electromagnetic radiation discussed include wavelength, frequency, and how different regions of the spectrum interact with materials and can be detected.
Remote sensing involves acquiring information about the Earth's surface without physical contact. It works by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy from the Earth and processing that data. There are several key principles and stages in remote sensing. Energy from the sun interacts with the atmosphere and Earth's surface in complex ways, like reflection, absorption, scattering and emission. Sensors then detect and record this energy. The data is transmitted, processed and analyzed to extract useful information and enable applications like disaster management and monitoring environmental changes. Different types of sensors collect data at various wavelengths and resolutions.
Introduction to Remote Sensing- Remote sensing” is the science (and to some e...Ange Felix NSANZIYERA
"Remote sensing” is the science (and to some extent, art) of acquiring information about the Earth's surface without actually being in contact with it. This is done by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing, and applying that information."
In much of remote sensing, the process involves an interaction between incident radiationand the targets of interest. This is exemplified by the use of imaging systems where thefollowing seven elements are involved. Note, however that remote sensing also involves thesensing of emitted energy and the use of non-imaging sensors.
Electromagnetic spectrum and its interaction with atmosphere & matterpritiverma34
1. The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from gamma rays to radio waves, with different types of radiation having different wavelength ranges. Several regions of the spectrum are useful for remote sensing including ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and microwaves.
2. When electromagnetic radiation interacts with the atmosphere, it can be scattered, absorbed, or pass through. Scattering is affected by the wavelength and atmospheric particles, while absorption is caused mainly by ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
3. At the Earth's surface, radiation can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected. Reflection is important for remote sensing and can be specular or diffuse depending on the surface smoothness.
Remote sensing uses electromagnetic radiation (EMR) reflected or emitted from the Earth's surface to detect and identify surface features. EMR interacts with the atmosphere and surface in different ways depending on its wavelength. Shorter wavelengths like visible and infrared radiation are either absorbed or scattered in the atmosphere by gases, particles and moisture. Remote sensing instruments measure reflected solar radiation and emitted terrestrial radiation to understand surface properties.
The document discusses electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its interactions in remote sensing. It explains that EMR interacts with the atmosphere, Earth's surface, and remote sensor detector. The key interactions are absorption, scattering, and reflection. Absorption removes energy from EMR, while scattering changes its direction. Reflection returns energy to the sensor. Together these interactions impact which parts of the electromagnetic spectrum can be used for remote sensing.
This document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of remote sensing. It defines remote sensing as acquiring information about Earth's surface without physical contact, using sensors to detect reflected or emitted energy. The remote sensing process involves 7 steps: an energy source illuminates a target, radiation interacts with the atmosphere and target, a sensor records the energy, data is transmitted and processed into an image, the image is interpreted to extract information, and that information is applied. The document describes the electromagnetic spectrum, noting the wavelengths useful for remote sensing like visible light, infrared, and microwaves. It also explains how radiation interacts with the atmosphere through scattering and absorption before reaching the target.
Introduction to Remote Sensing- by Wankie RichmanRichmanWankie
The document discusses remote sensing and provides details about the electromagnetic spectrum used in remote sensing. It covers:
- Remote sensing involves obtaining information about objects without physical contact using electromagnetic radiation from different parts of the spectrum.
- The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from gamma rays to radio waves and remote sensing utilizes specific portions including ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and microwave regions.
- Key aspects of electromagnetic radiation discussed include wavelength, frequency, and how different regions of the spectrum interact with materials and can be detected.
Remote sensing involves acquiring information about the Earth's surface without physical contact. It works by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy from the Earth and processing that data. There are several key principles and stages in remote sensing. Energy from the sun interacts with the atmosphere and Earth's surface in complex ways, like reflection, absorption, scattering and emission. Sensors then detect and record this energy. The data is transmitted, processed and analyzed to extract useful information and enable applications like disaster management and monitoring environmental changes. Different types of sensors collect data at various wavelengths and resolutions.
This document discusses remote sensing fundamentals, including the types of sensors, physics, and platforms used. It describes two main types of sensors - passive sensors that record radiation from the sun and active sensors that provide their own illumination. The key aspects of electromagnetic radiation used in remote sensing are wavelength and frequency. Platforms can be ground, air, or space-based, with satellites and aircraft being most common. Remote sensing relies on measuring electromagnetic energy reflected or emitted from the target area.
Role of electromagnetic Radiation in Remote SensingNzar Braim
This document provides an overview of electromagnetic radiation and its role in remote sensing. It defines key characteristics of electromagnetic waves like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. It describes the electromagnetic spectrum and different radiation types. Laws governing radiation like Kirchhoff's law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, and Wien's displacement law are covered. The document also discusses how radiation interacts with the atmosphere through scattering, absorption, and refraction.
Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance using aircraft or satellites. It involves the acquisition of imagery and geospatial data through the analysis of electromagnetic radiation emitted or reflected from objects such as the Earth's surface. Some key advantages of remote sensing include its ability to provide cost-effective data collection over large or inaccessible areas and to monitor changes over time. Common applications include land use mapping, agriculture, forestry, geology and natural disaster monitoring.
physics of remote sensing,ideal remote sensing,swath,platform,sensor,orbit and its characteristics,electromagnetic radiations,EMR solar radiations and its application,shortwave and long waves,spectrul reflectance curve, resolution AND multi concept,FCC,
1) The document discusses remote sensing and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts such as the electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric interaction with electromagnetic waves, and atmospheric windows.
2) It describes the seven elements of remote sensing including the energy source, interaction with the atmosphere and target, sensor recording, processing, interpretation, and application.
3) The electromagnetic spectrum is divided into regions including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, and others. Certain regions have high atmospheric transmittance and are considered atmospheric windows for remote sensing.
Electromagnetic waves travel as vibrations in electric and magnetic fields and include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. They are arranged in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves have various properties including speed, frequency, wavelength, and energy level, with higher frequency waves having higher energy. Different types of electromagnetic waves are used for various applications such as communication technologies, cooking, medical imaging, sterilization, and radiation therapy.
Remote sensing provides data for large areas, including remote and inaccessible regions, in a continuous and inexpensive manner through rapid collection and interpretation of imagery. However, remote sensing data requires skilled interpretation and may need to be verified with field data due to potential misclassification, confusion between data sources, and image distortions. Electromagnetic radiation interacts with atmospheric particles through scattering and absorption processes like Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering that depend on radiation wavelength and atmospheric conditions.
What is Remote Sensing?
Process of Remote Sensing
Electromagnetic Radiations
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Interaction with Atmosphere
Radiations-Target Interactions
Passive Vs Active Sensing
Application of electromagnetic waves.pptxRenmarieLabor
- Radio waves are used for communication like radio and television broadcasting. They have the longest wavelengths and are produced by vibrating electrons in an antenna.
- Microwaves have shorter wavelengths than radio waves and are used for applications like satellite communications, radar, cell phones, and microwave ovens. They can penetrate the atmosphere to enable satellite communication and their short wavelengths allow them to be reflected by small objects for radar.
- Infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays are all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum with increasingly shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies and energies. They have various applications in areas like photography, medical imaging, sterilization, and cancer treatment.
The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from gamma rays to radio waves and includes wavelengths from less than a billionth of a meter to kilometers long. It forms a continuous series ordered by wavelength and frequency, with shorter wavelengths having higher frequency and energy. The visible light portion that humans can see is a very small segment ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers.
The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum:
- It ranges from gamma rays to radio waves and includes visible light.
- The spectrum is grouped by wavelength with shorter wavelengths having higher frequencies and energies.
- The visible light portion lies between 0.4-0.7 μm and is perceived as different colors like violet, blue, green, etc.
The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from gamma rays to radio waves and includes wavelengths from less than a billionth of a meter to kilometers long. It forms a continuous series ordered by wavelength and frequency, with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies carrying more energy. The visible light portion lies between infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths, and contains the colors that the human eye can perceive. Different parts of the spectrum are used for various applications including remote sensing, communications, manufacturing, and medical treatments.
This document discusses microwaves and electromagnetic radiation. It defines microwaves as electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 500 MHz and 300 GHz. Microwaves are used for communication, radar, and heating. The document also discusses the electromagnetic spectrum and different types of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves. It notes hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel, ordnance, and fuel.
This document discusses remote sensing and its applications in civil engineering. It begins by defining remote sensing as acquiring information about Earth's surface without physical contact using sensors to detect electromagnetic energy. It then outlines the key elements of remote sensing systems including the energy source, atmosphere interactions, sensor recording, data transmission and processing, analysis and applications. The rest of the document discusses these elements in further detail, covering topics like passive and active systems, the electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric effects, ground interactions, spectral concepts, sensor platforms and resolutions. It also provides an overview of the Indian Remote Sensing satellite program.
Remote sensing involves collecting information about objects or areas from a distance without making direct contact. It works by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing data. Key points are that it obtains data through passive sensors that sense sunlight reflected by Earth or active sensors like radar that emit and sense their own radiation. Platforms can be ground, airborne or spaceborne. Spaceborne platforms are in either geostationary or polar orbits. [/SUMMARY]
The document discusses the properties and interactions of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that are important for remote sensing. It describes the four key properties - spectral, spatial, temporal, and polarization - used to interpret remote sensing data. It then discusses various interactions of EMR with the atmosphere, including absorption, scattering, and how scattering depends on wavelength and particle size. Scattering can degrade remote sensing images by reducing contrast and changing spectral signatures.
Raleigh and Mie scattering in remote sensing,P.K. Mani
Rayleigh and Mie scattering are the dominant mechanisms by which sunlight is scattered in the atmosphere. Rayleigh scattering occurs when particles are much smaller than the wavelength of light and scatters light of short wavelengths more than long wavelengths, which is why the sky appears blue. Mie scattering occurs when particles are around the same size as the wavelength of light and results in scattering that is dependent on the size, shape, and composition of particles. Together these processes influence the light that reaches satellite sensors and enables remote sensing of the Earth.
Electromagnetic Spectrum PowerPoint Presentation for Teachers/StudentsRoma Balagtas
Here are some additional examples of practical applications of different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum:
Radio waves:
- Wireless communication (WiFi, Bluetooth, mobile networks)
- Radio broadcasting
Microwaves:
- Satellite communication and television
- Cell phone networks
- Microwave ovens
Infrared:
- Infrared cameras and thermometers
- TV remote controls
- Infrared heating
Visible light:
- Lighting
- Photography
- Displays (LCD, LED screens)
Ultraviolet:
- UV lamps for curing, sterilization and counterfeit detection
- Fluorescence microscopy
- Dermatology treatments
X-rays:
-
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its application in remote sensing. EMR travels as waves and includes gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. Multispectral sensors on satellites measure the reflected and emitted EMR from Earth's surface to detect spectral signatures that characterize different materials and surfaces. Spectral signatures show the wavelengths of light each surface absorbs and reflects. Remote sensing uses these signatures collected from orbit to identify and monitor features on Earth.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This document discusses remote sensing fundamentals, including the types of sensors, physics, and platforms used. It describes two main types of sensors - passive sensors that record radiation from the sun and active sensors that provide their own illumination. The key aspects of electromagnetic radiation used in remote sensing are wavelength and frequency. Platforms can be ground, air, or space-based, with satellites and aircraft being most common. Remote sensing relies on measuring electromagnetic energy reflected or emitted from the target area.
Role of electromagnetic Radiation in Remote SensingNzar Braim
This document provides an overview of electromagnetic radiation and its role in remote sensing. It defines key characteristics of electromagnetic waves like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. It describes the electromagnetic spectrum and different radiation types. Laws governing radiation like Kirchhoff's law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, and Wien's displacement law are covered. The document also discusses how radiation interacts with the atmosphere through scattering, absorption, and refraction.
Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance using aircraft or satellites. It involves the acquisition of imagery and geospatial data through the analysis of electromagnetic radiation emitted or reflected from objects such as the Earth's surface. Some key advantages of remote sensing include its ability to provide cost-effective data collection over large or inaccessible areas and to monitor changes over time. Common applications include land use mapping, agriculture, forestry, geology and natural disaster monitoring.
physics of remote sensing,ideal remote sensing,swath,platform,sensor,orbit and its characteristics,electromagnetic radiations,EMR solar radiations and its application,shortwave and long waves,spectrul reflectance curve, resolution AND multi concept,FCC,
1) The document discusses remote sensing and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts such as the electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric interaction with electromagnetic waves, and atmospheric windows.
2) It describes the seven elements of remote sensing including the energy source, interaction with the atmosphere and target, sensor recording, processing, interpretation, and application.
3) The electromagnetic spectrum is divided into regions including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, and others. Certain regions have high atmospheric transmittance and are considered atmospheric windows for remote sensing.
Electromagnetic waves travel as vibrations in electric and magnetic fields and include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. They are arranged in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves have various properties including speed, frequency, wavelength, and energy level, with higher frequency waves having higher energy. Different types of electromagnetic waves are used for various applications such as communication technologies, cooking, medical imaging, sterilization, and radiation therapy.
Remote sensing provides data for large areas, including remote and inaccessible regions, in a continuous and inexpensive manner through rapid collection and interpretation of imagery. However, remote sensing data requires skilled interpretation and may need to be verified with field data due to potential misclassification, confusion between data sources, and image distortions. Electromagnetic radiation interacts with atmospheric particles through scattering and absorption processes like Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering that depend on radiation wavelength and atmospheric conditions.
What is Remote Sensing?
Process of Remote Sensing
Electromagnetic Radiations
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Interaction with Atmosphere
Radiations-Target Interactions
Passive Vs Active Sensing
Application of electromagnetic waves.pptxRenmarieLabor
- Radio waves are used for communication like radio and television broadcasting. They have the longest wavelengths and are produced by vibrating electrons in an antenna.
- Microwaves have shorter wavelengths than radio waves and are used for applications like satellite communications, radar, cell phones, and microwave ovens. They can penetrate the atmosphere to enable satellite communication and their short wavelengths allow them to be reflected by small objects for radar.
- Infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays are all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum with increasingly shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies and energies. They have various applications in areas like photography, medical imaging, sterilization, and cancer treatment.
The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from gamma rays to radio waves and includes wavelengths from less than a billionth of a meter to kilometers long. It forms a continuous series ordered by wavelength and frequency, with shorter wavelengths having higher frequency and energy. The visible light portion that humans can see is a very small segment ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers.
The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum:
- It ranges from gamma rays to radio waves and includes visible light.
- The spectrum is grouped by wavelength with shorter wavelengths having higher frequencies and energies.
- The visible light portion lies between 0.4-0.7 μm and is perceived as different colors like violet, blue, green, etc.
The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from gamma rays to radio waves and includes wavelengths from less than a billionth of a meter to kilometers long. It forms a continuous series ordered by wavelength and frequency, with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies carrying more energy. The visible light portion lies between infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths, and contains the colors that the human eye can perceive. Different parts of the spectrum are used for various applications including remote sensing, communications, manufacturing, and medical treatments.
This document discusses microwaves and electromagnetic radiation. It defines microwaves as electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 500 MHz and 300 GHz. Microwaves are used for communication, radar, and heating. The document also discusses the electromagnetic spectrum and different types of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves. It notes hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel, ordnance, and fuel.
This document discusses remote sensing and its applications in civil engineering. It begins by defining remote sensing as acquiring information about Earth's surface without physical contact using sensors to detect electromagnetic energy. It then outlines the key elements of remote sensing systems including the energy source, atmosphere interactions, sensor recording, data transmission and processing, analysis and applications. The rest of the document discusses these elements in further detail, covering topics like passive and active systems, the electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric effects, ground interactions, spectral concepts, sensor platforms and resolutions. It also provides an overview of the Indian Remote Sensing satellite program.
Remote sensing involves collecting information about objects or areas from a distance without making direct contact. It works by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing data. Key points are that it obtains data through passive sensors that sense sunlight reflected by Earth or active sensors like radar that emit and sense their own radiation. Platforms can be ground, airborne or spaceborne. Spaceborne platforms are in either geostationary or polar orbits. [/SUMMARY]
The document discusses the properties and interactions of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that are important for remote sensing. It describes the four key properties - spectral, spatial, temporal, and polarization - used to interpret remote sensing data. It then discusses various interactions of EMR with the atmosphere, including absorption, scattering, and how scattering depends on wavelength and particle size. Scattering can degrade remote sensing images by reducing contrast and changing spectral signatures.
Raleigh and Mie scattering in remote sensing,P.K. Mani
Rayleigh and Mie scattering are the dominant mechanisms by which sunlight is scattered in the atmosphere. Rayleigh scattering occurs when particles are much smaller than the wavelength of light and scatters light of short wavelengths more than long wavelengths, which is why the sky appears blue. Mie scattering occurs when particles are around the same size as the wavelength of light and results in scattering that is dependent on the size, shape, and composition of particles. Together these processes influence the light that reaches satellite sensors and enables remote sensing of the Earth.
Electromagnetic Spectrum PowerPoint Presentation for Teachers/StudentsRoma Balagtas
Here are some additional examples of practical applications of different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum:
Radio waves:
- Wireless communication (WiFi, Bluetooth, mobile networks)
- Radio broadcasting
Microwaves:
- Satellite communication and television
- Cell phone networks
- Microwave ovens
Infrared:
- Infrared cameras and thermometers
- TV remote controls
- Infrared heating
Visible light:
- Lighting
- Photography
- Displays (LCD, LED screens)
Ultraviolet:
- UV lamps for curing, sterilization and counterfeit detection
- Fluorescence microscopy
- Dermatology treatments
X-rays:
-
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its application in remote sensing. EMR travels as waves and includes gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. Multispectral sensors on satellites measure the reflected and emitted EMR from Earth's surface to detect spectral signatures that characterize different materials and surfaces. Spectral signatures show the wavelengths of light each surface absorbs and reflects. Remote sensing uses these signatures collected from orbit to identify and monitor features on Earth.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. • Electromagnetic Waves
• Electromagnetic waves are energy transported
through space in the form of periodic
disturbances of electric and magnetic fields.
• All electromagnetic waves travel through space
at the same speed, c = 2.99792458 x 108 m/s,
commonly known as the speed of light.
• An electromagnetic wave is characterized by:
1. frequency
2. wavelength.
3. These two quantities are related to the speed of
light .
3. • So speed of light = frequency x wavelength
The frequency ( and the wavelength) of an
electromagnetic wave depends on its
source.
• There is a wide range of frequency in our
physical world, ranging from the low
frequency of the electric waves generated
by the power transmission lines, to the very
high frequency of the gamma rays. This
wide frequency range of electromagnetic
waves constitute the Electromagnetic
Spectrum.
8. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• The electromagnetic spectrum can be divided
into several wavelength (frequency) regions also
called bands, only a narrow band from about
400 to 700 nm (0.7-0.4 ) µm is visible to the
human eyes. Note that there is no sharp
boundary between these regions. The
boundaries shown in the above figures are
approximate and there are overlaps between two
adjacent regions.
• Wavelength units: 1 mm = 1000 µm; 1 µm =
1000 nm.
10. • The wavelength of electromagnetic energy has
such a wide range that no instrument can
measure it completely. Different devices,
however, can measure most of the major
spectral regions.
• The division of the spectral wavelength is based
on the devices which can be used to observe
particular types of energy, such as thermal,
shortwave infrared and microwave energy. In
reality, there are no real abrupt changes on the
magnitude of the spectral energy. The
spectrum are conventionally divided into
various parts as shown below:
11. • Radio Waves: 10 cm to 10 km wavelength.
• Microwaves: 1 mm to 1 m wavelength. The
microwaves are further divided into different
frequency (wavelength) bands: (1 GHz = 109 Hz)
– P band: 0.3 - 1 GHz (30 - 100 cm)
– L band: 1 - 2 GHz (15 - 30 cm)
– S band: 2 - 4 GHz (7.5 - 15 cm)
– C band: 4 - 8 GHz (3.8 - 7.5 cm)
– X band: 8 - 12.5 GHz (2.4 - 3.8 cm)
– Ku band: 12.5 - 18 GHz (1.7 - 2.4 cm)
– K band: 18 - 26.5 GHz (1.1 - 1.7 cm)
– Ka band: 26.5 - 40 GHz (0.75 - 1.1 cm)
12. • The portion of the spectrum of more recent
interest to remote sensing is the microwave
region from about 1 mm to 1 m. This covers the
longest wavelengths used for remote sensing.
• The shorter wavelengths have properties similar
to the thermal infrared region while the longer
wavelengths approach the wavelengths used for
radio broadcasts. Because of the special nature
of this region and its importance to remote
sensing in Canada
13. Infrared: ( 0.7 to 300) µm wavelength. This region is
further divided into the following bands:
1. Near Infrared (NIR): 0.7 to 1.5 µm.
2. Short Wavelength Infrared (SWIR): 1.5 to 3 µm.
3. Mid Wavelength Infrared (MWIR): 3 to 8 µm.
4. Long Wavelength Infrared (LWIR): 8 to 15 µm.
5. Far Infrared (FIR): longer than 15 µm.
The NIR and SWIR are also known as the Reflected
Infrared, referring to the main infrared component
of the solar radiation reflected from the earth's
surface. The MWIR and LWIR are the Thermal
Infrared.
14. Visible Light: This narrow band of electromagnetic
radiation extends from about 400 nm (violet) to
about 700 nm (red). The various color
components of the visible spectrum fall roughly
within the following wavelength regions:
1. Red: 610 - 700 nm
2. Orange: 590 - 610 nm
3. Yellow: 570 - 590 nm
4. Green: 500 - 570 nm
5. Blue: 450 - 500 nm
6. Indigo: 430 - 450 nm
7. Violet: 400 - 430 nm
15. The light which our eyes - our "remote sensors" - can
detect is part of the visible spectrum. It is important to
recognize how small the visible portion is relative to the
rest of the spectrum. There is a lot of radiation around us
which is "invisible" to our eyes, but can be detected by
other remote sensing instruments and used to our
advantage. The visible wavelengths cover a range from
approximately 0.4 to 0.7 µm. The longest visible
wavelength is red and the shortest is violet. It is
important to note that this is the only portion of the
spectrum we can associate with the concept of colours
16. Ultraviolet: 3 to 400 nm ,X-Rays and Gamma Rays
• For most purposes, the ultraviolet or UV
portion of the spectrum has the shortest
wavelengths which are practical for remote
sensing. This radiation is just beyond the violet
portion of the visible wavelengths, hence its
name. Some Earth surface materials, primarily
rocks and minerals, fluoresce or emit visible
light when illuminated by UV
17. • Blue, green, and red are the primary colors or
wavelengths of the visible spectrum. They are
defined as such because no single primary color can
be created from the other two, but all other colors
can be formed by combining blue, green, and red in
various proportions. Although we see sunlight as a
uniform or homogeneous color, it is actually
composed of various wavelengths of radiation in
primarily the ultraviolet, visible and infrared
portions of the spectrum. The visible portion of this
radiation can be shown in its component colors
when sunlight is passed through a prism, which
bends the light in differing amounts according to
wavelength.
18. • The optical region covers 0.3 - 15 mm where
energy can be collected through lenses. The
reflective region, 0.4 - 3.0 mm, is a subdivision of
the optical region. In this spectral region, we
collect solar energy reflected by the earth
surface. Another subdivision of the optical
spectral region is the thermal spectral range
which is between 3 mm to 15 mm, where energy
comes primarily from surface emittance. Table
lists major uses of some spectral wavelength
regions.
20. Region Name Wavelength Comments
Gamma Ray < 0.03 nanometers
Entirely absorbed by the
Earth's atmosphere and not
available for remote
sensing.
X-ray 0.03 to 30 nanometers
Entirely absorbed by the
Earth's atmosphere and not
available for remote
sensing.
Ultraviolet 0.03 to 0.4 micrometers
Wavelengths from 0.03 to
0.3 micrometers absorbed
by ozone in the Earth's
atmosphere.
Photographic Ultraviolet 0.3 to 0.4 micrometers
Available for remote
sensing the Earth. Can be
imaged with photographic
film.
Visible 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers
Available for remote
sensing the Earth. Can be
imaged with photographic
film.
21. Region Name Wavelength Comments
Infrared 0.7 to 100 micrometers
Available for remote
sensing the Earth. Can be
imaged with photographic
film.
Reflected Infrared 0.7 to 3.0 micrometers
Available for remote
sensing the Earth. Near
Infrared 0.7 to 0.9
micrometers. Can be
imaged with photographic
film.
Thermal Infrared 3.0 to 14 micrometers
Available for remote
sensing the Earth. This
wavelength cannot be
captured with photographic
film. Instead, mechanical
sensors are used to image
this wavelength band.
22. Region Name Wavelength Comments
Microwave or
Radar
0.1 to 100
centimeters
Longer wavelengths
of this band can
pass through
clouds, fog, and
rain. Images using
this band can be
made with sensors
that actively emit
microwaves.
Radio > 100 centimeters
Not normally used
for remote sensing
the Earth.
24. • Most earth observation satellites record in several
spectral bands, in other words; the satellite records a
number of small wavelength intervals within the
electromagnetic spectrum (visible light, near and short
wave infrared). By means of the basic colors red, green
and blue (RGB) it is possible to construct several band
combinations in which the colors tell something about
the parts of the spectrum that are represented in RGB.
Demonstrated hereunder is how various band
combinations are shown by the Landsat satellite. Landsat
records in 7 spectral bands, see the Landsat TM
wavelength bands in the figure above, and RGB
combination of certain bands lead to images with
different information content. Demonstrated is how a
band combination will show in flat agricultural area (The
Netherlands) and how this will be for a mountainous area
(Bosnia
25. 432: combination of VNIR (Visible Near Infra Red)
(4) - red (3) - green (2)
VNIR: 0.76 - 0.90 µm
red: 0.61 - 0.69 µm
green: 0.51 - 0.60 µm
These three bands are typically combined to
make a 'traditional' false colour composite as
one also knows from aerial photography. In
band 4, especially the high reflectance peak
from vegetation is detected, also enabling
discrimination of numerous vegetation types.
Also detecting land-water is well possible with
band 4. This false colour combination makes
vegetation appear as redtones, brighter reds
indicating more the growing vegetation. Soils
with no or sparse vegetation range from white
(sand, salt) to greens or browns depending on
moisture and organic matter content. Water
appears blue; clear water will be dark blue to
black while shallow waters or waters with high
sediment concentrations are lighter blue.
Urban areas will appear blue towards gray.
26. SWIR: 2.08 - 2.35 µm
VNIR: 0.76 - 0.90 µm
green: 0.51 - 0.60 µm
In this band combination the vegetation shows in
various green shades because band 4 (high
reflectance of vegetation) is presented in the colour
green. Like Landsat band 5 (also SWIR), band 7 is
sensitive to variations in moisture content and
especially detects this in hydrous minerals in
geologic settings (such as clays). This band can
discriminate in various rock and mineral types.
Differences originating from these various types are
presented in shades of red to orange in this band
combination but also the brighter shades in the
blue can give information about soils. In
comparison to the other IR channels and apart from
recording the normal reflective radiation, band 7 is
increasingly sensitive to the emissive radiation so
that it's possible to detect heat sources with this
band. Bright green spots indicate vegetation and
the waters appear dark blue or black. Urban areas
will be also dark blue or pink
742: combination of SWIR (7) -
VNIR (4) - green (2)
27. VNIR: 0.76 - 0.90 µm
SWIR: 1.55 - 1.75 µm
red: 0.61 - 0.69 µm
The short wave infrared band (band 5 for
Landsat) is sensitive to variations in water
content, for leafy vegetation as well as soil
moisture. This band features a very high
water absorption, thus enabling detection
of very thin water layers (less than 1 cm).
Also variations in ferric iron (Fe2O3)
content in rocks and soils can be detected;
higher reflections with higher contents. In
this combination vegetation appears in
shades of red. When a crop has a relative
lower moisture content, the reflection
from band 5 will be relatively higher,
meaning more contribution of green and
thus resulting in a more orange colour.
The colour green will begin to dominate in
this combination when the vegetation
reflects lower in the VNIR and higher in
the SWIR. Non vegetated soils and urban
areas will appear in blue towards gray
colours
–
453: combination of VNIR (4) -
SWIR (Short Wave Infra Red)
(5) - red (3
28. 321: combination of red (3) - green (2) -
blue (1)
red: 0.61 - 0.69 µm
green: 0.51 - 0.60 µm
blue: 0.45 - 0.51 µm
This band combination is used to
represent an image in natural colour
and therefore best approaches the
appearance of the landscape in reality.
Band 3 detects chlorophyll absorption
in vegetation (thus low reflection).
Band 2 detects the green reflectance
from vegetation. Band 1 is more suited
for penetration in water, in clear water
this can be some 25 meters. On the
other hand one can also derive
information about sediment
transportation in water from this band.
Band 1 also differentiates between soil
and vegetation and distinguishes forest
types