This document outlines the syllabus for an operating systems course. It includes topics that will be covered such as CPU parts, computer systems, types of operating systems, and functions of operating systems. It lists the required textbooks and provides the grading policy. It also outlines classroom policies regarding attendance, quizzes, plagiarism, and mobile phone use. Finally, it begins introducing concepts such as processes, CPUs, buses, memory, and fetch-execute cycles to provide an orientation to operating system basics.
Advanced computer architecture lesson 1 and 2Ismail Mukiibi
An OS is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. .....................
Computer System Overview, Basic Components of Computer System, Operating System Services, Functions of Operating System, Types of Operating Systems: Instruction Execution Cycle, Interrupts & System Calls, Interrupt Processing, Processor Registers, I/O Communication techniques
Embedded System,
Real Time Operating System Concept
Architecture of kernel
Task
Task States
Task scheduler
ISR
Semaphores
Mailbox
Message queues
Pipes
Events
Timers
Memory management
Introduction to Ucos II RTOS
Study of kernel structure of Ucos II
Synchronization in Ucos II
Inter-task communication in Ucos II
Memory management in Ucos II
Porting of RTOS.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Advanced computer architecture lesson 1 and 2Ismail Mukiibi
An OS is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. .....................
Computer System Overview, Basic Components of Computer System, Operating System Services, Functions of Operating System, Types of Operating Systems: Instruction Execution Cycle, Interrupts & System Calls, Interrupt Processing, Processor Registers, I/O Communication techniques
Embedded System,
Real Time Operating System Concept
Architecture of kernel
Task
Task States
Task scheduler
ISR
Semaphores
Mailbox
Message queues
Pipes
Events
Timers
Memory management
Introduction to Ucos II RTOS
Study of kernel structure of Ucos II
Synchronization in Ucos II
Inter-task communication in Ucos II
Memory management in Ucos II
Porting of RTOS.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
4. Classroom Policy
Attendance is very important, 75% is required,
Keep your mobiles switched off
Quizzes can be announced or unannounced.
Number of quizzes may vary
The plagiarism and cheating cases would be
reported to the Disciplinary Committee.
6. How do we understand an OS?
We need an “Operating SYSTEM” in order to
understand a signal, in our case it is our brain to which
an input signal is conveyed via our eye.
9. Basics
How many processes an operating system can perform
simultaneously?
10. What is a CPU?
CPU(Central processing Unit): Brain of computer where
calculations and decision are made. It is also called
microprocessor.
Three parts of CPU:
ALU: Performs mathematical and logical operations
CU: Interconnect CPU to other parts and control
traffic.
Memory: Storage area, temporary or permanent.
RAM,ROM and Hard disk.
13. What is Bus?
• A bus in computer terms, is simply a channel over which
information flows between two or more devices.
• There are three types of bus:-
1. Address bus
2. Data bus
3. Control bus
14. Memory
• Memory is one of the most important factor in the
microprocessor.
• It is used to store the data or information in a binary
format.
• Memory can be permanent such as hard disk or it
can be temporary such as RAM.
• Register is the smallest memory unit.
17. Fetch Execute Cycle
Fetch: The Fetch Operation is used for taking the
instructions/data those are given by the user and the
Instructions/data those are stored into the Memory will
be fetched.
Decode: The Decode Operation is used for
interpreting the Instructions, which means that the
Instructions are decoded. In this way, the CPU will
find out which Operation is to be performed on the
Instructions.
Execute: The Execute Operation is performed by the
CPU. The Results produced by the CPU are then
Stored into the Memory and after that they are
displayed on the user Screen.
21. What is Computer System: Definition
Computer system is defined as the combination of hardware, software,
and data.
22. What is Computer System: Hardware
Computer hardware is the physical parts or component of a
computer, such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphic
card, sound card, motherboard, and so on.
23. What is Computer System: Software
A computer software, or simply software, is a part of a computer
system that consists of data or computer instructions.
Further divided as system or application software.
Windows is ?
24. What is Computer System: User and Data
A user is a person who uses a computer or network service.
Users generally use a system or a software product without the
technical expertise required to fully understand it.
Computer data is information processed or stored by a computer.
This information may be in the form of text documents, images, audio
clips, software programs, or other types of data.
Computer data may be processed by the computer's CPU and is
stored in files and folders on the computer's hard disk.
25. What is Computer System: How computer
System Works?
A user interacts with a computer via operating system as a medium.
27. Operating System: Definition
An Operating System (commonly abbreviated as OS & O/S) is an
integrated set of programs which controls the overall operations of the
computer system and acts as a layer between the hardware,
applications and users.
In simplest terms, an operating system is a collection of programs
that manage a computer system's internal workings— its memory,
processors, devices, and file system.
28. Operating
System
Device configuration
Controls peripheral devices connected to the computer
File management
Transfers files between main memory and secondary
storage, manages file folders, allocates the secondary
storage space, and provides file protection and recovery
Memory management
Allocates the use of random access memory (RAM) to
requesting processes
Interface platform
Allows the computer to run other applications
Operating System: Function performed by OS
29. Operating System: Function performed by OS
1. Memory management
2. Disk management
3. File management
4. Provide working environment to the users
5. Handling I/O devices
6. Handling security
7. Scheduling
8. Copying/Moving data from one device to another
30. Operating System: Advantages
Hides the messy details which must be performed
(e.g. underlying hardware operations).
Provide a GUI(Graphical User Interface), make it easier to
use.
Process management, (CPU) each program gets time with
the resource
Memory management, (memory / disk) each program gets
space on the resource
32. Operating System: Examples
Microsoft Operating System
•Disk Operating System (MS-DOS)
•Windows Vista
•Windows XP
•Windows 2000
•Windows 98
•Windows 7,8,10,11
•Windows Server 2003 / 2008 / 2013 / 2016 etc.
•Solaris
•Macintosh
37. Types of Operating System
Some types of operating systems are:
1. Mainframe OS
2. Server OS
3. Multiprocessor OS
4. PC OS
5. Real Time OS
6. Embedded OS
7. Networking OS
38. Types of OS: Main Frame OS
1. A mainframe operating system runs on a mainframe
computer.
2. Mainframe computer is a powerful device used mainly by
governments and businesses to process large amounts of
information and support a great number of users.
3. Example : OS used by banks are composed of mainframe
OS.
39. Types of OS: Networking OS
1. A Networking Operating System (NOS) runs on a main server
and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security,
applications, and other networking functions.
2. The network operating system is designed to allow shared file and
printer access among multiple computers in a network, typically a
local area network (LAN), a private network or to other networks.
Examples
Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server 2008,
UNIX, Linux, Mac OS, and Novell NetWare.
40. Types of OS: Distributed OS
1. It manages a group of independent computers and makes them
appear to be a single computer.
2. The development of networked computers that could be linked and
communicate with each other, gave rise to distributed computing.
3. Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine.
When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a
distributed system.
41. Types of OS: Real-Time OS
1. A real-time operating system is a multitasking
operating system that aims at executing real-time
applications.
2. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their
quick and predictable response to events.
43. Types of OS: Embedded OS
1. They are designed to operate on small machines like
mobile phones, PDAs, etc.
2. They are able to operate with a limited number of
resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient
by design.
Examples
Palm OS, Android
45. Time sharing Process
• In case of multiple users, each user is given a time slice to interact with the
CPU.
• The size of the time slice will depend on the system.
• Each user is served in sequence.
• For example multiple users using printer connected to a pc in LAN network.
• Time sharing, or multitasking, is a logical extension of multiprogramming.
• Multiple jobs are executed by switching the CPU between them.
• In this, the CPU time is shared by different processes, so it is called as
“Time sharing Systems”.
• Time slice is defined by the OS, for sharing CPU time between processes.
• Examples: Multics, Unix, etc.
46. Batch Processing
• Jobs, together with input data, are fed into the system in a batch.
• The jobs are then run one after another.
• No job can be started until previous job is completed
• Examples of batch processing systems include payroll systems and
examination report card systems, billing system etc
47. Other special Function performed
by OS
• Multi-tasking
• Multi-programming
• Parallel processing
• Buffering
• Spooling
48. Multi Tasking
• To handle two or more programs at the same time
from a single user ‘s perception
• Multitasking aims to enhance reaction time by
sharing computing resources across several users.
49. Multi Programming
• Multiprogramming is mostly used to maximize CPU
utilization by organizing applications always to have one
program to execute.
• Two or more programs store in the main memory(RAM) at the
same time
• When one job needs to wait (e.g. I/O operation), CPU switch
to another job to execute
• When the first job finishes waiting, CPU will get back the first
job to execute
50. Multi Programming
• OS divides time for each program according to priorities. When the chance of that
program comes it runs, after the stipulated time is over, next program runs & so on.
Since this process is so fast that it appears programs are running simultaneously.
• In Multiprogramming, number of processes reside in main memory at a time.
• The OS picks and begins to executes one of the jobs in the main memory.
• If any I/O wait happened in a process, then CPU switches from that job to another
job.
• Hence CPU in not idle at any time.
51. Parallel Programming
• Using two or more CPUs to handle jobs
Job 1 Job 2
Job 3
Job 4
Job 1
Job 2
Job 3
Job 4
CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 1
time time
without multiprocessing
with multiprocessing
52. Buffering
• A temporary storage area (buffers) to read data from
input device or send data to the output device
53. Spooling
• Definition: Spooling is a simultaneous I/O devices
operations where a process put jobs in a buffer or
temporary storage area, a special area in memory or
on a disk and device can access them when it is
ready.
• Spooling is useful because different devices access
data at different rates.
54. Spooling: An Example
• The most common spooling application is print
spooling. When you choose to print a document,
the computer sends the document information to
the printer very quickly, but the printer can't accept
it at the same rate.
• The printer can only handle a chunk of information
at a time, and it pauses to process and print that
chunk before it's ready for more.
• Meanwhile, you have to wait until the printer has
accepted the whole document, piece by piece.