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1. Concrete
Technology
4th
Sem BE
Civil Engineering
Lec1: Introduction

2. This lecture
► Course Contents
► History of development

3. Course Objectives
► Objectives: At the end of course the
student will be able to
1. Understand various constituents of
cement and manufacturing process of
cement.
2. Understand various properties of
cement.
3. Understand various ingredients of
concrete and properties of fresh and
hardened concrete.

4. Syllabus
► UNIT-1:
Cements: Constituents of cements,
• Hydration of cement.
• Water requirement,
• Physical properties and testing of cement.
• Effect of fineness,
• Initial, final and false setting of cement,
Soundness test.
• Hardening and compressive strength,
• Grades and different types of cement.

5. Unit 1 contd
► Aggregates: Coarse and fine aggregate,
• light and heavy weight aggregates.
• Aggregate characteristics and their significance in
properties of concrete.
• Sampling,
• Particle shape and texture,
• Bond of aggregate,
• size & grading of aggregate,
• strength of aggregate.
• Mechanical properties and tests as per IS, bulking of sand.
• Crushed sand. Alkali aggregate reaction.
• Introduction of IS: 383, water quality for mixing and curing,
► Acceptable water, pH value, Seawater chlorides content.
Provisions in IS: 456.

6. Unit 1 contd
► Additives and admixtures:
• Types of admixtures,
• Natural products,
• diatomaceous earth,
• calcined clays of shales,
• volcanic glasses,
• byproducts – pozzolona, fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, metakaoline,
G.G. blast furnace slag,
• admixtures- air entraining, water reducing, accelerators, retarders,
plasticizers and superplasticizers, permeability reducing, grouting
agents, surface hardeners.

7. Unit 2
□ Fresh Concrete:
• Batching,
• Mechanical mixers,
• automatic batching and mixing plants.
• Efficiency of mixing,
• Workability and its Measurement,
• Factor affecting workability, setting time,
• Significance of w/c ratio,
• cohesiveness of concrete,
• Unit 4 ( SPECIAL CONCRETE )
• Segregation, bleeding, voids, permeability. Hot weather concreting,
Conveyance of concrete, placing of concrete, compaction,
vibrators, curing of concrete, significance and methods,
temperature effects on curing and strength gain, IS provisions,
Maturity of concrete, Formwork for concrete- IS provisions .
Introduction to Ready mix, pumped and self-compacting concrete.

8. Unit 2 contd
► Strength of concrete:
• Strength gain,
• factors affecting compressive strength,
• Tensile and flexural strengths,
• relation between compressive and tensile strength.
• Failure modes in concrete,
• cracking in compression.
• Impact strength, fatigue strength, shear, elasticity, Poisson’s
ratio.

9. Unit 2 contd
► Shrinkage:
• Early volume changes,
• drying shrinkage,
• mechanism and factors affecting shrinkage,
• influence of curing conditions,
• differential shrinkage,
• carbonation,
• creep- factors influencing, relation between
creep and time, nature of creep, effect of
creep

10. Unit 2 contd
► Testing of hardened concrete:
• Compression test,
• cube strength and cylinder strength and their
relation effect of aspect ratio on strength.
• Flexural strength of concrete,
• determination of tensile strength, indirect
tension test, splitting test, abrasion
resistance, accelerated curing test.
► Non Destructive test: Significance, rebound
hammer, ultra sonic pulse velocity test,
Advanced concrete testing equipment.

11. Unit 3
► Mix Design:
• Process,
• statistical relation between main and
characteristic strength,
• variance,
• standard deviation,
• factors affecting mix properties,
• grading of aggregates, aggregate/cement
ratio etc.
• Degree of quality control,
• design of mix by IS method, introduction to
Road Note No. 4 (BS) and ACI method.

12. Unit 5
► Repair And Rehabilitation of
concrete :
• Significance,
• water as an agent of deterioration,
• permeability of concrete,
• Sulphate attack and its control,
• sea water attack,
• acid attack,
• efflorescence,
• resistance to corrosion,
• abrasion and cavitation,
• process of rusting of steel.

13. Text Books
► Shetty M.S., Concrete Technology, Ed. 2008, S Chand &
Co.
► Gambhir M.L., Concrete Technology, Ed. 2009, Tata
Mc-Graw Hill

14. Reference Books:
► Mehta PK and Monterio PJ, Concrete Microstrucutres:
Properties and materials. McGraw-Hill, 2006
► Neville AM, Properties of concrete, Ed. 1996, John
Wiley & Sons, & ELBS, London
► Orchard DF, Concrete Technology, Ed. 1976, Applied
Sciences Publications

15. 10 Questions on Concrete
1.
2.
3.
4.
When was concrete first made?
What are the possible components of concrete
What is the purpose of cement in concrete?
What role does water play in producing
concrete?
Why does concrete harden?
Why does concrete set (harden) slowly?
How can you make concrete set:
5.
6.
7.
8. Is concrete stronger in compression, tension, or
the same in either?
9. How strong can concrete or cement be (in
N/mm2 or MPa)?
How long can concrete last (in years)?
10.

16. History

17. History

18. History

19. History

20. History

21. Colorado
Business
Bank,
RCC
Structure,
1907

22. Exterior of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Generating Station, located in Bridgman,
Michigan, USA. The concrete domes are the containment buildings (which hold
the reactor). The tall brown building (behind the brown office building) contains
the steam turbines and electrical generators.

23. Thermal
Power
Chimney

24. RCC bridge across the Khuga
river, Manipur

25. Saint Anselm Parish - Abbey of St. Mary
and St. Louis Church- Creve Coeur,
Missouri, USA

26. Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi Emirate
520 ft and 35 storeys, features a dramatic 18
degree incline to the west.
The gravitational
pressure caused by the
18 degree incline is
countered by the world's
first "pre-cambered
core"; a technique that
utilizes 15,000 cubic
metres of concrete
reinforced with 10,000
tons of steel with the
core deliberately built
slightly off centre.

27. Indian Tall Buildings
Building Height Storys
Imperial Tower I 249 metres (817 ft) 60
Imperial Tower II 249 metres (817 ft) 60
Planet Godrej 181 metres (594 ft) 51
Ashok Towers 1 193 metres (633 ft) 49
RNA Mirage 180 metres (591 ft) 40
Residence Antilia 173 metres (568 ft) 27
Oberoi Woods Tower I 170 metres (558 ft) 40
Oberoi Woods Tower II 170 metres (558 ft) 40
Oberoi Woods Tower III 170 metres (558 ft) 40
MVRDC 156 metres (512 ft) 35
hreepati Arcade 153 metres (502 ft) 45

28. Indian Tall Building
Building Height Storys
Vasant Polaris 151 metres (495 ft) 34
Oberoi Skyheights Tower 1 150 metres (492 ft) 37
Oberoi Skyheights Tower 2 150 metres (492 ft) 37
Belvedere Court 149.35 m (490 ft) 40
Four Seasons Mumbai 146 metres (479 ft) 37
Kalpataru Heights 144 metres (472 ft) 39
Tahnee heights 137 metres (449 ft) 35
Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Civic Centre 112 metres (367 ft) 28

29. Next lecture
► Manufacture of cement
► Types of cement
► Constituents of cement

30. Thank You