Keys to effective learning Study skills and habits for success

1. HabHab
1 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 2
Learning Styles:
Building and Using Self-
Knowledge
Keys to Effective Learning, 6e
Carol Carter, Joyce Bishop, and
Sarah Lyman Kravits

2. HabHab
2 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcO-pfxv4lI

3. HabHab
3 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Habit of mind:
Keep learning.
“Intelligent people are in a continuous learning
mode.
Their confidence [and] inquisitiveness allow
them to constantly search for new and better
ways…
They seize problems, situations, tensions,
conflicts, and circumstances as valuable
opportunities to learn.”
Art CostaKeys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

4. HabHab
4 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learn about yourself
Why understand
how you
learn?
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

5. HabHab
5 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
You can stretch your
natural abilities.
… research proves that your
intelligence can change and
develop with focus and effort.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

6. HabHab
6 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
How can you use your self-
knowledge?
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

7. HabHab
7 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Knowing yourself brings you…
• Classroom benefits
– Play to your strengths
• If you are a musical learner, you might
record the lecturer for play back
• If you are…..
– Work to strengthen weaker areas
• Study benefits
– Helps you pick the right strategies
– Helps you understand others you
study with
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

8. HabHab
8 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Knowing yourself brings you…
• Workplace benefits
– Better performance and teamwork
– Better career planning
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

9. HabHab
9 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Two self-assessments
Multiple Intelligences
• Learning
preferences
• What abilities and
areas of learning
come most easily to
you
Personality Spectrum
• Personality traits
• How you interact
with information and
people
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

10. HabHab
10 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple Intelligences
• Verbal-Linguistic
• Logical-Mathematical
• Bodily-Kinesthetic
• Visual-Spatial
• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal
• Musical
• Naturalistic
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

11. HabHab
11 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple Pathways to Learning
Sample Question
Directions: Rate each statement. Write the number of your response
(1-4) on the line next to the statement (1=rarely, 2=sometimes,
3=usually, and 4=always) and total the scores for each set of six
questions.
Example:
1. ___ I enjoy physical activities.
2. ___ I am uncomfortable sitting still.
3. ___ I prefer to learn through doing.
4. ___ When sitting, I move my legs or my hands.
5. ___ I enjoy working with my hands.
6. ___ I like to pace when I’m thinking or studying.
____ TOTAL for Bodily-Kinesthetic
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

12. HabHab
12 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple Pathways to Learning
Sample Question
Directions: Rate each statement. Write the number of your response
(1-4) on the line next to the statement (1=rarely, 2=sometimes,
3=usually, and 4=always) and total the scores for each set of six
questions.
Example:
1. ___ I enjoy telling stories.
2. ___ I like to write.
3. ___ I like to read.
4. ___ I express myself clearly.
5. ___ I am good at negotiating.
6. ___ I like to discuss topics that interests me.
____ TOTAL for Verbal-Linguistic
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

13. HabHab
13 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple Pathways to Learning
Sample Question
Directions: Rate each statement. Write the number of your response
(1-4) on the line next to the statement (1=rarely, 2=sometimes,
3=usually, and 4=always) and total the scores for each set of six
questions.
Example:
1. ___ I use maps easily.
2. ___ I draw pictures/diagrams when explaining ideas.
3. ___ I can ensemble item easily from diagrams.
4. ___ I enjoy drawing and photography.
5. ___ I do not like to read long paragraphs.
6. ___ I prefer a drawn map over a written direction.
____ TOTAL for Visual-Spatial
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

14. HabHab
14 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple Pathways to Learning
Sample Question
Directions: Rate each statement. Write the number of your response
(1-4) on the line next to the statement (1=rarely, 2=sometimes,
3=usually, and 4=always) and total the scores for each set of six
questions.
Example:
1. ___ I like math is school.
2. ___ I like science.
3. ___ I problem-solve well.
4. ___ I question how things work.
5. ___ I enjoy planning and designing something new.
6. ___ I am able to fix things.
____ TOTAL for Logical-Mathematical
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

15. HabHab
15 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple Pathways to Learning
Sample Question
Directions: Rate each statement. Write the number of your response
(1-4) on the line next to the statement (1=rarely, 2=sometimes,
3=usually, and 4=always) and total the scores for each set of six
questions.
Example:
1. ___ I listen to music.
2. ___ I move my fingers or feet when I hear music.
3. ___ I have good rhythm.
4. ___ I like to sing along with music.
5. ___ People have said I have musical talent.
6. ___ I like to express my ideas through music.
____ TOTAL for Musical
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

16. HabHab
16 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple Pathways to Learning
Sample Question
Directions: Rate each statement. Write the number of your response
(1-4) on the line next to the statement (1=rarely, 2=sometimes,
3=usually, and 4=always) and total the scores for each set of six
questions.
Example:
1 ___ I need quiet time to think.
2. ___ I think about issues before I want to talk.
3. ___ I am interested in self-improvement.
4. ___ I understand my thoughts and feelings.
5. ___ I know what I want out of life.
6. ___ I prefer to work on projects alone.
____ TOTAL for Intrapersonal
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

17. HabHab
17 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple Pathways to Learning
Sample Question
Directions: Rate each statement. Write the number of your response
(1-4) on the line next to the statement (1=rarely, 2=sometimes,
3=usually, and 4=always) and total the scores for each set of six
questions.
Example:
1.___ I like doing projects with other people.
2.___ People come to me to help settle conflicts.
3. ___ I like to spend time with friends.
4. ___ I am good at understanding people.
5. ___ I am good at making people feel comfortable.
6. ___ I enjoy helping others.
____ TOTAL for Interpesonal
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

18. HabHab
18 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple Pathways to Learning
Sample Question
Directions: Rate each statement. Write the number of your response
(1-4) on the line next to the statement (1=rarely, 2=sometimes,
3=usually, and 4=always) and total the scores for each set of six
questions.
Example:
1.___ I like to think about how things, ideas, or people fit
into categories.
2.___ I enjoy studying plants, animals, or oceans
3.___ I tend to see how things relate to, or are distinct
from, one another.
4.___ I think about having a career in the natural sciences.
5.___As a child I often play with bugs and leaves.
6. ___ I like to investigate the natural world around me
____ TOTAL for Naturalistic
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

19. HabHab
19 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Scoring Multiple Pathways to Learning
For each intelligence, shade the box in the row
that corresponds with the range where your
score falls.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02
20–24
Highly
Developed
14–19
Moderately
Developed
Below 14
Underdeveloped
Bodily-
Kinesthetic
Visual-Spatial
Verbal-
Linguistic
Logical-
Mathematical
Musical
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalistic

20. HabHab
20 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Study Techniques
• Verbal linguistic
• Reading text, highlighting selectively
• Using a computer to retype / summarize notes
• Teaching someone else
• Musical – Rhythmic
• Creating rhythms out of words / songs / raps
• Taking music breakes

21. HabHab
21 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Study Techniques
Logical – Mathematical
•Organizing material logically; spreadsheet
•Explaining sequentially to a person
•Analyzing and evaluating information
Visual Spatial
•Mind maps, think links
•Charts & tables
•Using colour in notes

22. HabHab
22 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Study Techniques
Bodily – Kinesthetic
•Moving while you learn – pacing & reciting
•Rewriting & retyping notes
Intrapersonal
•Reflecting on personal meaning of information
•Visualizing information
•Studying in a quiet area
•Imagining essays / experiments before
beginning

23. HabHab
23 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Study Techniques
Interpersonal
•Studying in groups
•Discussing information over the phone,
messages
•Teaching someone else
Naturalistic
•Looking for relationship among ideas, facts
•Studying in the natural setting

24. HabHab
24 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 2
Personality Spectrum

25. HabHab
25 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum focuses
on how you interact with
people and information.
Four dimensions:
• Thinker: Analytical, problem solver
• Giver: Authentic, communicator
• Organizer: Responsible, detailed
• Adventurer: Daring, spontaneous
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

26. HabHab
26 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum
Sample Question
Directions: Rank order all four responses to each question from most
like you (4) to least like you (1) so that you use the numbers 1, 2, 3,
and 4 one time each. Write numbers in the boxes next to the
responses.
1. I like instructor who
□ a. tell me exactly what is expected of me.
□ b. make learning active and exciting.
□ c. maintain a safe and supportive classroom.
□ d. challenge me to think at higher levels.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

27. HabHab
27 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum
Sample Question
Directions: Rank order all four responses to each question from most
like you (4) to least like you (1) so that you use the numbers 1, 2, 3,
and 4 one time each. Write numbers in the boxes next to the
responses.
2. I learn best when the material is
□ a. well organized.
□ b. something I can do hands-on.
□ c. about understanding and improving the
human condition.
□ d. intellectually challenging.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

28. HabHab
28 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum
Sample Question
Directions: Rank order all four responses to each question from most
like you (4) to least like you (1) so that you use the numbers 1, 2, 3,
and 4 one time each. Write numbers in the boxes next to the
responses.
3. A high priority in my life is
□ a. keep my commitments.
□ b. experience as much life a possible.
□ c. make a difference in the life of others.
□ d. understanding how things work.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

29. HabHab
29 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum
Sample Question
Directions: Rank order all four responses to each question from most
like you (4) to least like you (1) so that you use the numbers 1, 2, 3,
and 4 one time each. Write numbers in the boxes next to the
responses.
4. Other people think of me as
□ a. dependable and loyal.
□ b. dynamic and creative.
□ c. caring and honest.
□ d. intelligent and inventive.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

30. HabHab
30 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum
Sample Question
Directions: Rank order all four responses to each question from most
like you (4) to least like you (1) so that you use the numbers 1, 2, 3,
and 4 one time each. Write numbers in the boxes next to the
responses.
5. When I experience stress I would most likely
□ a. do something to make me feel more in control
of my life.
□ b. do something physical and daring.
□ c. talk with a friend.
□ d. go off by myself and think about my situation.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

31. HabHab
31 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum
Sample Question
Directions: Rank order all four responses to each question from most
like you (4) to least like you (1) so that you use the numbers 1, 2, 3,
and 4 one time each. Write numbers in the boxes next to the
responses.
6. I would probably not be close friends with someone
who is
□ a. irresponsible.
□ b. unwilling to try new things.
□ c. selfish and unkind to others.
□ d. an illogical thinker.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

32. HabHab
32 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum
Sample Question
Directions: Rank order all four responses to each question from most
like you (4) to least like you (1) so that you use the numbers 1, 2, 3,
and 4 one time each. Write numbers in the boxes next to the
responses.
7. My vacations could be described as
□ a. traditional.
□ b. adventuresome.
□ c. pleasing to others.
□ d. a new learning experience.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

33. HabHab
33 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum
Sample Question
Directions: Rank order all four responses to each question from most
like you (4) to least like you (1) so that you use the numbers 1, 2, 3,
and 4 one time each. Write numbers in the boxes next to the
responses.
8. One word that best describes me is
□ a. sensible.
□ b. spontaneous.
□ c. giving.
□ d. analytical.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

34. HabHab
34 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Add up total points for each letter.
• Plot these numbers on the brain diagram.
• A = Organizer B = Adventurer C=Giver,
D=Thinker

35. HabHab
35 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Spectrum Scoring Diagram
Write your scores in the four squares outside the diagram. For
each of your four scores, place a dot on the appropriate number in
the line near that circle.

36. HabHab
36 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
ThinkerThinker
Technical
Scientific
Mathematical
Dispassionate
Rational
Analytical
Logical
Problem solving
Theoretical
Intellectual
Objective
Quantitative
Explicit
Realistic
Literal
Precise
Formal
GiverGiver
Interpersonal
Emotional
Caring
Sociable
Giving
Spiritual
Musical
Romantic
Feeling
Peacemaker
Trusting
Adaptable
Passionate
Harmonious
Idealistic
Talkative
Honest
OrganizerOrganizer
Tactical
Planning
Detailed
Practical
Confident
Predictable
Controlled
Dependable
Systematic
Sequential
Structured
Administrative
Procedural
Organized
Conservative
Safekeeping
Disciplined
AdventurerAdventurer
Active
Visual
Risking
Original
Spatial
Skillful
Impulsive
Metaphoric
Experimental
Divergent
Fast paced
Simultaneous
Competitive
Imagnative
Open minded
Adventuresome

37. HabHab
37 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

38. HabHab
38 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understand teaching styles
• Lecture, verbal focus
• Lecture with group discussion
• Small groups
• Logical presentation
• Random presentation
• Conceptual presentation
• Detailed presentation
• Experience-based presentation
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

39. HabHab
39 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
How can you
identify and manage
learning disabilities?
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

40. HabHab
40 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Problems in certain areas can
indicate a learning disability.
• Reading
• Math calculations
• Social skills
• Following a schedule
• Reading maps
• Following directions
• Writing
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02

41. HabHab
41 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Manage a learning disability
to maximize learning.
• Be informed about your disability
• Seek assistance from your school
• Be a dedicated student
• Build a positive attitude
• Rely on support from others
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch02