Keys to effective learning Study skills and habits for success

1. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 6
Memory:
Maximizing Recall
For Test Success
Keys to Effective Learning,
6e
Carol Carter, Joyce Bishop, and
Sarah Lyman Kravits

2. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Habit for
success:
Put your senses
to work
“Intelligent people know that all
information gets into the brain
through the sensory pathways…
Those whose sensory pathways are
more open and alert absorb more
information from the environment.”
Art Costa
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

3. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
How does
memory
work?
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

4. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Memory is the foundation
for test success.
If you can remember
something, you can
answer questions about it
and use it.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

5. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Your brain processes and
stores information in
three stages:
1. Information goes into sensory registers (a few
seconds)
2. Some information goes into short-term memory
(about 30 seconds)
3. With effort, you keep the most important information
in long-term memory (your brain’s more permanent
storehouse)
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

6. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Long-term memory stores
three types of information
• Procedural memory – how to do things
like ride a bike or drive
• Declarative memory – memories of
facts, ideas, formulas
• Episodic memory – memories of events
linked to personal experiences
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

7. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
With all this brain hardware,
why is it so easy to forget?
It takes focused, regular
review to keep information
in your long-term storage
memory bank.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

8. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
How can you
improve your
memory?
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

9. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Active strategies anchor information
in long-term memory.
• Find an emotional connection
• Understand the meaning
• Think critically
• Recite aloud, rehearse in your head,
write it down
• Use flash cards, MP3 players, podcasts
• Study in short, frequent sessions
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

10. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Organizing items can help.
Some ways to organize what
you need to remember:
• Separate main points from unimportant
details, and focus on the important stuff.
• “Chunk” material – divide it into smaller
sections that are more manageable.
• Use organizational tools (outlines, think links)
to map out the logical connections among
items.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

11. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key strategy: Use what you
have learned, and you will
remember it better.
• Apply it to new situations
• Teach it to a friend
• Give yourself a flash card quiz
• Do problems that require it
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

12. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
How can
mnemonics
boost recall?
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

13. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mnemonics use visual
pictures to connect new
information to what you
already know.
They help you create a
“hook” on which to hang
what you want to
remember.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

14. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The “mental walk” strategy stores ideas in
familiar locations.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

15. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Use the DAP method to
remember vocabulary.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

16. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
An acronym is a word or phrase
formed from the first letters of a
series of words.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

17. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Why do you need a good
memory when you have the
Internet?
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

18. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Your potential as a thinker
depends on having a
reservoir of facts in your
memory – not just on your
Internet pages.
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06

19. HabHab
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
“The more mental
gymnastics you do,
the more agile and
the quicker your brain
becomes.”
Nathan Tublitz
Keys to Effective Learning 6e,Ch06