A learning disability is a disorder that affects one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. It can cause difficulties with listening, thinking, reading, writing, spelling, or math calculations. Learning disabilities are intrinsic to the individual and presumed to be caused by central nervous system dysfunction. Children with learning disabilities may have problems with oral expression, listening comprehension, reading skills, reading comprehension, math calculations, or math reasoning. Educational programs for learning disabled children use behavioral, cognitive, medical, multisensory, and direct instruction approaches.

1. Learning disability

2. Learning disability
Disorder in one or more basic
psychological process involved in
understanding or in using language
spoken or written.
Imperfect ability to listen, think,
read, write, spell or to do
mathematical calculations.

3. Language Difficulties
 Comprehension
 Decoding
 Word recognition
 Phonological awareness
 Dyslexia
 Spelling
 Writing
 Organizing thoughts into words
(written or spoken)

4. Mathematics Difficulties
 Computational skills
 Word problems
 Spatial relationships
 Writing numbers
 Copying shapes
 Understanding mathematical concepts

5. causes
Perceptual handicaps, brain
injury, minimal brain
dysfunction, dyslexia and
developmental aphasia.

6. Learning disabled
Disorders are intrinsic to
the individual and
presumed to be due to
central nervous system
dysfunction.

7. Criteria for determining the existence
of a specific learning disability
 Child does not achieve commensurate with his
or her age and ability levels in one or more
areas, when provided with learning experiences
appropriate for the Childs age and ability level.
 The child has a severe discrepancy between
achievement & intellectual ability in one or more
areas.

8. Ares are the following:
 Oral expression
 Listening comprehension
 Basic reading skill
 Reading comprehension
 Mathematics calculations
 Mathematics reasoning

9. The term may not identify a
child as having a specific
learning disability:
A visual hearing or motor handicaps
Mental retardation
Emotional disturbance
Environmental, cultural or economic
disadvantage

10. Characteristics of Individuals
with Learning Disabilities
 Delayed spoken language development
 Poor spatial orientation
 Inadequate time concepts
 Difficulty in judging relationships
 Direction related confusion
 Poor general motor coordination
 Poor mutual dexterity
 Social imperceptions
 Inattention
 Hyperactivity
 Perceptual disorders
 Memory disorders

11. Causes of learning disability
 organic and biological factors
 genetic factors
 environmental factors

12. How you identify learning
disabled children
 Assessment - Two types
1. Informal assessment
2. Formal assessment

13. Educational programmes
for learning disabled
children
Behavioural interventions
Cognitive behavioural interventions
Medically based interventions
Multisensory approach
Direct instruction