This chapter discusses I/O systems and covers several topics:
1) I/O hardware components like ports, buses, controllers, and device addresses.
2) Application I/O interfaces that abstract device characteristics for programmers.
3) The kernel I/O subsystem that includes device drivers to hide controller differences.
4) Methods for transforming I/O requests to hardware operations like polling, interrupts, and direct memory access.
5) Performance considerations and notes about interrupt schemes and DMA.
1.Introduction
2.OS Structures
3.Process
4.Threads
5.CPU Scheduling
6.Process Synchronization
7.Dead Locks
8.Memory Management
9.Virtual Memory
10.File system Interface
11.File system implementation
12.Mass Storage System
13.IO Systems
14.Protection
15.Security
16.Distributed System Structure
17.Distributed File System
18.Distributed Co Ordination
19.Real Time System
20.Multimedia Systems
21.Linux
22.Windows
Introduction to BeRTOS, real time embedded operating system open source. BeRTOS is free also for commercial projects or closed source applications.
http://www.bertos.org/download/
Embedded System basic and classificationsrajkciitr
This document provides an overview of embedded systems, including:
1. Embedded systems have computer hardware and software embedded as important components, with the software stored in read-only memory.
2. Embedded systems have constraints like limited memory, processor speed, and the need to limit power dissipation.
3. Embedded systems can be classified as small, medium, or sophisticated based on their hardware and software complexity. Small systems typically use a microcontroller and C for development.
The ULCF3000 is an intelligent, addressable fire alarm control panel that can operate as a standalone panel or as part of a networked system. It has 2 or 4 signaling loops that support soft addressing of modules and devices. The panel also includes a touchscreen interface, event history, and relay outputs. It is designed to be compatible with the full range of Cooper fire detection and notification devices.
The document discusses embedded operating systems and summarizes a game show competition between students on embedded OS topics. The game show covered definitions of embedded systems and their requirements, applications of embedded OS, characteristics of embedded OS, approaches to developing embedded OS, the embedded configurable operating system ECOS, ECOS components like the kernel and I/O system, and the tiny OS TinyOS designed for wireless sensor networks. The highest scoring contestant in the game show was from TIPQC.
Device drivers and interrupt service mechanismVijay Kumar
This document discusses interrupt handling in embedded systems. It defines an interrupt as a signal generated by an external event that causes the CPU to stop current execution and jump to an interrupt service routine (ISR). Hardware interrupts are triggered by peripheral devices, while software interrupts are called from software. The ISR handles the interrupt request and returns execution to the previous location. Interrupts are important for interacting with devices and responding to events immediately. Common hardware interrupt sources include pin changes, timers, and peripheral communication. Embedded systems are often interrupt-driven with processing occurring in ISRs while the system remains in low-power mode. Multiple interrupts are prioritized and handled through interrupt stacking or masking on certain processor architectures.
This document discusses key concerns and methods for designing high-reliability FPGA-based systems. It covers ensuring accurate design specifications, implementing built-in safety features like triple modular redundancy and safe finite state machines, evaluating and debugging designs at the register-transfer level using FPGA prototypes, and following reproducible, documented design processes. The goal is to address safety-critical applications' needs for mitigating radiation effects, requirements tracing, power reduction, and verification.
The document discusses real-time operating systems and concepts. It defines an operating system and real-time systems, distinguishing between soft and hard real-time systems. Popular real-time operating systems include VxWorks, QNX and Linux. Real-time operating systems provide mechanisms for real-time scheduling of tasks with deterministic timing. The architecture of a real-time operating system includes tasks, scheduling, interrupts and kernel objects like semaphores. Key differences from general purpose OS are determinism, preemptive multitasking and priority-based scheduling in real-time OS.
1.Introduction
2.OS Structures
3.Process
4.Threads
5.CPU Scheduling
6.Process Synchronization
7.Dead Locks
8.Memory Management
9.Virtual Memory
10.File system Interface
11.File system implementation
12.Mass Storage System
13.IO Systems
14.Protection
15.Security
16.Distributed System Structure
17.Distributed File System
18.Distributed Co Ordination
19.Real Time System
20.Multimedia Systems
21.Linux
22.Windows
Introduction to BeRTOS, real time embedded operating system open source. BeRTOS is free also for commercial projects or closed source applications.
http://www.bertos.org/download/
Embedded System basic and classificationsrajkciitr
This document provides an overview of embedded systems, including:
1. Embedded systems have computer hardware and software embedded as important components, with the software stored in read-only memory.
2. Embedded systems have constraints like limited memory, processor speed, and the need to limit power dissipation.
3. Embedded systems can be classified as small, medium, or sophisticated based on their hardware and software complexity. Small systems typically use a microcontroller and C for development.
The ULCF3000 is an intelligent, addressable fire alarm control panel that can operate as a standalone panel or as part of a networked system. It has 2 or 4 signaling loops that support soft addressing of modules and devices. The panel also includes a touchscreen interface, event history, and relay outputs. It is designed to be compatible with the full range of Cooper fire detection and notification devices.
The document discusses embedded operating systems and summarizes a game show competition between students on embedded OS topics. The game show covered definitions of embedded systems and their requirements, applications of embedded OS, characteristics of embedded OS, approaches to developing embedded OS, the embedded configurable operating system ECOS, ECOS components like the kernel and I/O system, and the tiny OS TinyOS designed for wireless sensor networks. The highest scoring contestant in the game show was from TIPQC.
Device drivers and interrupt service mechanismVijay Kumar
This document discusses interrupt handling in embedded systems. It defines an interrupt as a signal generated by an external event that causes the CPU to stop current execution and jump to an interrupt service routine (ISR). Hardware interrupts are triggered by peripheral devices, while software interrupts are called from software. The ISR handles the interrupt request and returns execution to the previous location. Interrupts are important for interacting with devices and responding to events immediately. Common hardware interrupt sources include pin changes, timers, and peripheral communication. Embedded systems are often interrupt-driven with processing occurring in ISRs while the system remains in low-power mode. Multiple interrupts are prioritized and handled through interrupt stacking or masking on certain processor architectures.
This document discusses key concerns and methods for designing high-reliability FPGA-based systems. It covers ensuring accurate design specifications, implementing built-in safety features like triple modular redundancy and safe finite state machines, evaluating and debugging designs at the register-transfer level using FPGA prototypes, and following reproducible, documented design processes. The goal is to address safety-critical applications' needs for mitigating radiation effects, requirements tracing, power reduction, and verification.
The document discusses real-time operating systems and concepts. It defines an operating system and real-time systems, distinguishing between soft and hard real-time systems. Popular real-time operating systems include VxWorks, QNX and Linux. Real-time operating systems provide mechanisms for real-time scheduling of tasks with deterministic timing. The architecture of a real-time operating system includes tasks, scheduling, interrupts and kernel objects like semaphores. Key differences from general purpose OS are determinism, preemptive multitasking and priority-based scheduling in real-time OS.
1) The document discusses critical embedded systems and emerging issues in their design. It uses automotive systems as an example to illustrate complexity challenges for dependability.
2) Automotive systems now rely heavily on software and electronics, introducing new safety risks due to issues like complexity, external development processes, and tight cost/time constraints. Verification is made difficult by incomplete system knowledge and environmental factors.
3) Evolving technologies, standards, and design practices aim to enhance dependability, but open challenges remain regarding issues like semantic interoperability between domain-specific models and tools.
Design of Software for Embedded SystemsPeter Tröger
This document provides an overview of the Design of Software for Embedded Systems (SWES) course. It discusses the course organization, project requirements, and introduces some basic concepts and terminology related to embedded systems and real-time software. Specifically, it describes the challenges in embedded system design, different types of hardware platforms, characteristics of embedded software, issues related to timeliness and real-time scheduling, and how real-time operating systems address these issues. The document aims to equip students with foundational knowledge on embedded systems and real-time systems engineering.
This document discusses embedded systems and provides information on:
- The components of an embedded system including a processor, peripherals, and software.
- Major application areas such as consumer electronics, automation, and networking.
- The embedded system design process including determining requirements, designing architecture, selecting hardware and software, and testing.
- Recent trends in embedded systems including reduced size, cost and power consumption.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It begins with defining what an embedded system is and listing some key characteristics such as reliability, efficiency, dedicated functions, and meeting real-time constraints. The document then covers embedded hardware topics like CPUs, processors, system on chips, memory, I/O devices, and buses. It also discusses embedded software including programming languages, operating systems, middleware, applications, and development models. The document concludes with an outline of the course and exercises for students.
At Emerson Exchange 2009, Martin Berutti presents on the business benefits, requirements, and steps for building a Virtual DeltaV system with a virtual plant and I/O.
This document provides a summary of Tieng D. Nguyen's experience and qualifications as a Principal Hardware/FPGA Engineer. Over his career, Nguyen has led numerous hardware design projects involving FPGAs, PCB design, signal integrity, and power distribution. Recent experience includes helping to redesign parts of a robotic surgical machine to meet safety standards and improve performance. Nguyen has extensive experience with FPGA design processes, high-speed PCB design, and managing hardware engineering teams.
This document provides guidelines for assembling a PC, including safety and handling instructions. It discusses the main components needed - cases, motherboards, processors, memory, adapter cards, disk drives and ports. It describes motherboard components like I/O ports, power connectors, memory slots and chipsets. It also covers microprocessors from Intel and AMD as well as memory types like DRAM, SDRAM and DDR. Video cards and their PCI and AGP formats are briefly outlined.
WTS is Siemens’ high performance, high availability trackside signalling system for main line railways. WTS is hosted on the proven, flexible and highly reliable Trackguard Westrace MkII platform. With now the addition of PIMs and ROMs, Westrace MkII PIM50 (Parallel Input Modules) and ROM50 (Relay Output Modules) can be used to relock an existing relay room without affecting the outside infrastructure and can also be used to interface existing line circuits at the fringes.
This is my presentation of a baseband processor, which I have developed as a major project in masters, This presentation, gives you an overview of results and effectiveness, of the processor in respect of FPGA and ASIC level.
GE Energy provides a complete solution for power conversion, including electrical equipment, machines, variable speed drives, automation and control systems, and mechanical equipment. Their offering includes continuously advancing technology, optimizing whole system architectures, and mastering interfaces. They provide automation systems with multiple levels to control electrical grids, machines, drives, and mechanical equipment. Their medium voltage drives range from 4MW to 48MW while their low voltage drives range from 0.75kW to 3.6MW. GE Energy also offers energy quality systems like SVCs to compensate for disturbances from large loads and improve plant performance.
The document discusses using electronic system level (ESL) design methodology to validate hardware/software functionality, performance, and power requirements above the register-transfer level (RTL). It describes how ESL transaction-level models can be reused at the RTL block level and system integration phases using emulation. ESL allows validating software integration earlier and reducing RTL verification effort by finding bugs earlier in the design cycle. The document also provides an example of using an ARM Cortex-A9 transaction-level platform for virtual prototyping and software integration.
The document discusses choosing the right processor for an application. It covers microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, FPGAs, CPLDs, hardware design flow, software design flow, and various embedded system design phases like simulation, evaluation and emulation. Key factors in processor selection include development tools, performance, cost, operating systems, hardware tools, peripherals and power consumption. The document also provides resources and websites for embedded system development.
This document discusses embedded systems and their classification. It defines an embedded system as an electronic system designed to perform a specific function, combining both hardware and firmware. Embedded systems are classified based on generation, complexity, determinism, and triggering. Common applications include consumer electronics, appliances, security, automotive, telecom, networking, healthcare, instrumentation, banking, and retail. The core components of an embedded system are discussed, including processors, memory, I/O ports, and communication interfaces.
This document discusses different types of operating systems and computing environments. It covers mainframe systems, which were the first to use batch processing. Desktop systems are dedicated to individual users and can run various operating systems. Multiprocessor and distributed systems improve performance through parallel processing across multiple CPUs. Real-time systems have strict timing requirements for applications like industrial control. Mobile and embedded systems have constraints like limited memory and power. The document provides an overview of operating system functions and how their features have evolved with different computing needs.
Vayavya Labs is a company that develops system level design tools and provides embedded design services. It has created DDGEN, the world's first automated device driver generator, which can significantly reduce the cost and efforts required for device driver development. DDGEN takes hardware specification files as input and generates fully functional device drivers and test code. It supports a range of device complexities and operating systems. Pilot results found DDGEN provided close to 200-300% reductions in time and effort for driver development.
This document discusses I/O systems, including an overview of I/O hardware, the application I/O interface, the kernel I/O subsystem, and I/O performance. It describes how I/O requests are transformed into hardware operations through techniques like interrupts, DMA, polling, and blocking vs. asynchronous I/O. Specific I/O concepts covered include STREAMS, device characteristics, and data structures used in the kernel I/O subsystem.
Optimizing Direct X On Multi Core Architecturespsteinb
This slide set covers best practices in designing threaded rendering in PC games. Examples of current PC titles will be used throughout the talk to highlight the various points.
The document discusses operating system I/O systems. It covers I/O hardware, the application I/O interface, the kernel I/O subsystem, transforming I/O requests to hardware operations, STREAMS, and I/O performance. The key points are that I/O subsystems manage the diverse set of I/O devices, encapsulate device details through device drivers, and translate application requests to hardware operations using techniques like interrupts, DMA, buffering, and caching to improve performance. The document also discusses the STREAMS approach used in Unix systems for I/O channels.
This document provides an overview of input/output (I/O) systems in operating systems. It discusses I/O hardware components like ports, buses, and controllers. It also describes how the kernel manages I/O requests through components like device drivers, buffers, caches, and scheduling queues. The document outlines different types of devices, interfaces, and techniques for reading from and writing to devices, including interrupts, DMA, polling, blocking and asynchronous I/O. It provides examples of I/O subsystems from UNIX and Windows.
1) The document discusses critical embedded systems and emerging issues in their design. It uses automotive systems as an example to illustrate complexity challenges for dependability.
2) Automotive systems now rely heavily on software and electronics, introducing new safety risks due to issues like complexity, external development processes, and tight cost/time constraints. Verification is made difficult by incomplete system knowledge and environmental factors.
3) Evolving technologies, standards, and design practices aim to enhance dependability, but open challenges remain regarding issues like semantic interoperability between domain-specific models and tools.
Design of Software for Embedded SystemsPeter Tröger
This document provides an overview of the Design of Software for Embedded Systems (SWES) course. It discusses the course organization, project requirements, and introduces some basic concepts and terminology related to embedded systems and real-time software. Specifically, it describes the challenges in embedded system design, different types of hardware platforms, characteristics of embedded software, issues related to timeliness and real-time scheduling, and how real-time operating systems address these issues. The document aims to equip students with foundational knowledge on embedded systems and real-time systems engineering.
This document discusses embedded systems and provides information on:
- The components of an embedded system including a processor, peripherals, and software.
- Major application areas such as consumer electronics, automation, and networking.
- The embedded system design process including determining requirements, designing architecture, selecting hardware and software, and testing.
- Recent trends in embedded systems including reduced size, cost and power consumption.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It begins with defining what an embedded system is and listing some key characteristics such as reliability, efficiency, dedicated functions, and meeting real-time constraints. The document then covers embedded hardware topics like CPUs, processors, system on chips, memory, I/O devices, and buses. It also discusses embedded software including programming languages, operating systems, middleware, applications, and development models. The document concludes with an outline of the course and exercises for students.
At Emerson Exchange 2009, Martin Berutti presents on the business benefits, requirements, and steps for building a Virtual DeltaV system with a virtual plant and I/O.
This document provides a summary of Tieng D. Nguyen's experience and qualifications as a Principal Hardware/FPGA Engineer. Over his career, Nguyen has led numerous hardware design projects involving FPGAs, PCB design, signal integrity, and power distribution. Recent experience includes helping to redesign parts of a robotic surgical machine to meet safety standards and improve performance. Nguyen has extensive experience with FPGA design processes, high-speed PCB design, and managing hardware engineering teams.
This document provides guidelines for assembling a PC, including safety and handling instructions. It discusses the main components needed - cases, motherboards, processors, memory, adapter cards, disk drives and ports. It describes motherboard components like I/O ports, power connectors, memory slots and chipsets. It also covers microprocessors from Intel and AMD as well as memory types like DRAM, SDRAM and DDR. Video cards and their PCI and AGP formats are briefly outlined.
WTS is Siemens’ high performance, high availability trackside signalling system for main line railways. WTS is hosted on the proven, flexible and highly reliable Trackguard Westrace MkII platform. With now the addition of PIMs and ROMs, Westrace MkII PIM50 (Parallel Input Modules) and ROM50 (Relay Output Modules) can be used to relock an existing relay room without affecting the outside infrastructure and can also be used to interface existing line circuits at the fringes.
This is my presentation of a baseband processor, which I have developed as a major project in masters, This presentation, gives you an overview of results and effectiveness, of the processor in respect of FPGA and ASIC level.
GE Energy provides a complete solution for power conversion, including electrical equipment, machines, variable speed drives, automation and control systems, and mechanical equipment. Their offering includes continuously advancing technology, optimizing whole system architectures, and mastering interfaces. They provide automation systems with multiple levels to control electrical grids, machines, drives, and mechanical equipment. Their medium voltage drives range from 4MW to 48MW while their low voltage drives range from 0.75kW to 3.6MW. GE Energy also offers energy quality systems like SVCs to compensate for disturbances from large loads and improve plant performance.
The document discusses using electronic system level (ESL) design methodology to validate hardware/software functionality, performance, and power requirements above the register-transfer level (RTL). It describes how ESL transaction-level models can be reused at the RTL block level and system integration phases using emulation. ESL allows validating software integration earlier and reducing RTL verification effort by finding bugs earlier in the design cycle. The document also provides an example of using an ARM Cortex-A9 transaction-level platform for virtual prototyping and software integration.
The document discusses choosing the right processor for an application. It covers microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, FPGAs, CPLDs, hardware design flow, software design flow, and various embedded system design phases like simulation, evaluation and emulation. Key factors in processor selection include development tools, performance, cost, operating systems, hardware tools, peripherals and power consumption. The document also provides resources and websites for embedded system development.
This document discusses embedded systems and their classification. It defines an embedded system as an electronic system designed to perform a specific function, combining both hardware and firmware. Embedded systems are classified based on generation, complexity, determinism, and triggering. Common applications include consumer electronics, appliances, security, automotive, telecom, networking, healthcare, instrumentation, banking, and retail. The core components of an embedded system are discussed, including processors, memory, I/O ports, and communication interfaces.
This document discusses different types of operating systems and computing environments. It covers mainframe systems, which were the first to use batch processing. Desktop systems are dedicated to individual users and can run various operating systems. Multiprocessor and distributed systems improve performance through parallel processing across multiple CPUs. Real-time systems have strict timing requirements for applications like industrial control. Mobile and embedded systems have constraints like limited memory and power. The document provides an overview of operating system functions and how their features have evolved with different computing needs.
Vayavya Labs is a company that develops system level design tools and provides embedded design services. It has created DDGEN, the world's first automated device driver generator, which can significantly reduce the cost and efforts required for device driver development. DDGEN takes hardware specification files as input and generates fully functional device drivers and test code. It supports a range of device complexities and operating systems. Pilot results found DDGEN provided close to 200-300% reductions in time and effort for driver development.
This document discusses I/O systems, including an overview of I/O hardware, the application I/O interface, the kernel I/O subsystem, and I/O performance. It describes how I/O requests are transformed into hardware operations through techniques like interrupts, DMA, polling, and blocking vs. asynchronous I/O. Specific I/O concepts covered include STREAMS, device characteristics, and data structures used in the kernel I/O subsystem.
Optimizing Direct X On Multi Core Architecturespsteinb
This slide set covers best practices in designing threaded rendering in PC games. Examples of current PC titles will be used throughout the talk to highlight the various points.
The document discusses operating system I/O systems. It covers I/O hardware, the application I/O interface, the kernel I/O subsystem, transforming I/O requests to hardware operations, STREAMS, and I/O performance. The key points are that I/O subsystems manage the diverse set of I/O devices, encapsulate device details through device drivers, and translate application requests to hardware operations using techniques like interrupts, DMA, buffering, and caching to improve performance. The document also discusses the STREAMS approach used in Unix systems for I/O channels.
This document provides an overview of input/output (I/O) systems in operating systems. It discusses I/O hardware components like ports, buses, and controllers. It also describes how the kernel manages I/O requests through components like device drivers, buffers, caches, and scheduling queues. The document outlines different types of devices, interfaces, and techniques for reading from and writing to devices, including interrupts, DMA, polling, blocking and asynchronous I/O. It provides examples of I/O subsystems from UNIX and Windows.
This chapter discusses operating system I/O subsystems. It covers I/O hardware components like ports, buses, controllers and how they connect to devices. It describes how device drivers encapsulate device details and present a uniform interface. It also discusses I/O request processing, including interrupt handling and DMA. The chapter outlines the structure of I/O subsystems in Linux and UNIX, and covers techniques like buffering, caching and asynchronous I/O. It concludes with a discussion of I/O performance optimization techniques.
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts from the textbook "Operating System Concepts with Java – 8th Edition". It discusses the definition and goals of an operating system, how it acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. It also describes computer system organization including CPUs, memory, I/O devices, and how interrupts work. Finally, it covers operating system structure including multiprogramming and timesharing to enable efficient usage of system resources and interactive computing.
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts from the 8th edition of the textbook "Operating System Concepts Essentials" by Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne. It defines an operating system as a program that acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. A computer system is divided into four components - hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. The operating system performs two main roles - as an extended machine that hides hardware complexity and as a resource manager that controls shared access to devices, memory and processors. It also provides various services to users and applications like program execution, I/O, file management, and communication between processes.
The document provides an overview of operating system concepts from Chapter 1 of the textbook "Operating System Concepts" by Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne. It defines what an operating system is, describes the basic components and goals of a computer system, and types of operating systems. It also discusses the functions of an operating system including managing resources and controlling programs. The document outlines the hierarchy of storage devices, interrupt handling, I/O structure, and different computer system architectures including single processor, multi-processor, and clustered systems.
Chapter 2 Operating System Structures.pptErenJeager20
The document discusses various operating system structures and concepts. It describes different types of operating systems including batch, time-sharing, distributed, and real-time operating systems. It discusses concepts like multiprocessing, multitasking, spooling, and how operating systems provide services to users and processes. The document also covers system calls, different approaches to structuring operating systems like layered, microkernel-based, and modular structures. Popular operating systems like UNIX, Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, iOS, and Android are discussed in terms of their architectural approaches.
This document provides an overview of an operating systems concepts textbook. It introduces key topics that will be covered, such as operating system structure, processes, memory management, storage management, and protection/security. It describes the typical components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. It also discusses the role of an operating system in allocating resources and controlling programs to prevent errors.
This document discusses the basic hardware components of a computer system including the processor, memory, I/O modules, and system bus. It describes how the processor executes instructions, uses registers for data storage, and relies on clocks to measure time. Main memory is described as volatile RAM that can be accessed randomly. The document also provides an overview of operating systems, describing their role in interfacing between users, applications, and physical hardware and controlling resource allocation and program execution.
The document discusses input/output (I/O) in computer systems. It describes various I/O techniques including programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, and direct memory access (DMA). It also covers I/O modules, external devices, addressing schemes, and interface standards like SCSI and FireWire.
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts from Chapter 2 of the textbook "Operating System Concepts – 9th Edition" by Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne. It discusses operating system services including user interfaces, process management, I/O operations, file systems, resource management, protection and security. It also describes system calls as the programming interface to OS services, common API's, how parameters are passed to system calls, and examples of different types of system calls.
The document provides an overview of operating system concepts, including:
- The role of an operating system in managing computer hardware resources and facilitating the use of applications.
- Key operating system functions like process management, memory management, storage management, I/O management, protection and security.
- Computer system organization involving CPUs, memory, I/O devices, and the bus connecting them.
- Operating system structures for multiprogramming and timesharing to enable efficient sharing of resources among users and processes.
- Computing environments involving traditional systems, office/home networks, and client-server models.
The document provides an overview of operating system concepts, including:
- The role of an operating system in managing computer hardware resources and facilitating the use of applications.
- Key operating system functions like process management, memory management, storage management, I/O management, and security/protection.
- Computer system organization involving CPUs, memory, I/O devices, and the bus connecting them.
- Operating system structures for multiprogramming/timesharing and memory management in these environments.
- The hierarchy of storage devices from fastest/smallest memory to slower/larger secondary storage.
- Computing environments involving traditional systems, networks, and client-server models.
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts by summarizing the major components and functions of an operating system. It discusses how operating systems manage resources like the CPU, memory, storage and I/O devices. It also covers key operating system services like process management, memory management, file systems, protection and security. Finally, it describes different computing environments that operating systems support like traditional systems, client-server, peer-to-peer and web-based computing.
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts by summarizing the major components and functions of an operating system. It discusses how operating systems manage resources like the CPU, memory, storage and I/O devices. It also covers key operating system services like process management, memory management, file systems, protection and security. Finally, it describes different computing environments that operating systems support like traditional systems, client-server, peer-to-peer and web-based computing.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts covered in an operating systems textbook. It discusses the major components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. It describes the functions of an operating system including managing system resources and controlling program execution. It also outlines several operating system operations like process management, memory management, storage management, and protection/security. The document provides details on computer organization, interrupts, I/O structures, storage hierarchies, and operating system structures like multiprogramming and timesharing.
The document discusses input/output (I/O) processing and the role of the operating system in managing I/O operations and devices. It covers I/O hardware components like ports, buses, and controllers. It also describes the different models for interaction between I/O controllers and CPUs, including polling, interrupts, and direct memory access (DMA). Finally, it discusses I/O application interfaces and blocking vs non-blocking I/O.
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts from the 9th edition of the textbook "Operating System Concepts" by Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne. It discusses the basic functions and organization of operating systems, including managing processes, memory, storage and security. It also covers computer system structure with hardware, OS, applications and users, and different types of computer architectures like single-processor, multi-processor and clustered systems. The document aims to describe the basic organization of computers and provide a high-level tour of operating system components and operations.
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts from the 9th edition of the textbook "Operating System Concepts" by Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne. It begins with an introduction to operating systems and what they do. It then discusses computer system organization and architecture, including multiprocessor and clustered systems. It provides details on operating system structure for multiprogramming and timesharing systems. It also covers operating system operations, process management, memory management, storage management, and other core OS concepts. The document aims to give the reader a "grand tour" of major operating system components and concepts.