History of media- Shubhangi

1. History of Media
BA

2. UNIT – III
 History of Radio broadcasting in India, All India Radio
 Rural Broadcasting
 News Services - External Services
 Vividh Bharati – FM Radio – Community Radio
 Birth of Television – Kheda Communication Project – Doordarshan
 Prasar Bharathi – Cable Television – Private Television

3. History of Radio Broadcasting in India
 Radio Broadcasting was pioneered in India by the Madras Presidency Club Radio in 1924
 Broadcasting in India is a national service, developed and operated by the Government of India.
 ‘All India Radio’ (AIR) was placed under Ministry-the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
 Also knows as Akashvani
 Formed in the year 1936, 83 years ago

4. All India Radio Network:
 Started with 6 broadcasting stations in 1947, the AIR today has a network of 82 broadcasting
stations.
 Grouped into five zones
 North Zone: Ajmer, Allahabad, Aligarh, Bikaner, Delhi, Gorakhpur, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Jullundur,
Lucknow, Mathura, Rampur, Simla, Udaipur and Varanasi
 East Zone: Agartala, Aizawl, Bhagalpur, Calcutta, Cuttack, Dibrugarh. Gauhati, Imphal, Jeypore,
Kohima,, Ranchi,, Patna, Sambalpur, Shillong, Silchar, Siliguri, Tawang and Tezu
 West Zone : Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Bhuj, Bombay, Gwalior, Indore. Jabalpur, Nagpur, Panaji,
Parbani, Pune, Raipur, Rajkot and Sangli
 South Zone: Alleppey, Bangalore, Calicut, Coimbatore, Cuddapah, Gulbarga, Hyderabad, Madras,
Mysore, Pondicherry, Port Blair, Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Trichur, Trivandrum. Vijayawada and
Vishakhapatnam
 Kashmir Zone: Jammu, Leh and Srinagar.

5. News Services:
 News Services Division of AIR through its central and regional news bulletins
 AIR now broadcasts a total of 239 news bulletins a day
 Duration of 32 hours 17 minutes.
 67 are Central bulletins broadcast from Delhi
 57 external bulletins (from Delhi) broadcast in 24 languages
 14 minutes and 15 regional bulletins from 34 regional centers
 34 tribal dialects with a total duration of 15 hours every day.

6. Vividh Bharathi - FM Radio – Community Radio
 Popular entertainment, known as Vividh Bharati was started in October 1957 to meet the growing
demand for popular music and light features.
 Commercial advertising was introduced on AIR in November, 1967
 A steady rise in the gross revenue earned by the commercial services
 As data represents, Rs. 2.96 crores in 1970-71
 Rs.6.25 crores in 1975-76
 Rs. 6.50 crores in 1976-77.
 AIR had earned total gross revenue of about Rs. 38.21 till 1977 from commercial services

7. National Programme – Vividh Bharati
 To help listeners to hear well-known exponents of Hindustani and Karnataka music.
 It has helped in a better understanding of the two systems prevalent in the North and the South.
 At suitable intervals, programmes based on recordings of old masters are also featured in this
programme.
 Nearly 4,000 plays are broadcast from the different stations of AIR annually on an average.
 The most significant achievement of AIR in the field of Radio drama is its National Programme of
Plays.
 Programmes for the youth in Yuva Vani are broadcast from Calcutta, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jammu,
Patna and Srinagar stations.

8. Birth of Television – Kheda Communication project
 Television came to India on September 15, 1959 with experimental transmission from Delhi.
 It was a modest beginning with a make shift studio, a low power transmitter and only 21
community television sets.
 All India Radio provided the engineering and programme professionals.
 A daily one-hour service with a news bulletin was started in 1965.
 By 1975 television stations came up in Calcutta, Chennai, Srinagar, Amritsar and Lucknow.
 In a communications breakthrough for Indian Television in July 1995, Doordarshan agreed, for a
US $1.5 million annual fee and 50 percent of advertising revenue when it exceeds US$1.5 million,
to allow CNN to broadcast twenty-four hours a day via an Indian satellite.

9. Doordarshan in India
 90 percent of the Indian population receives 49- Doordarshan (DDl) programmes through a
network of nearly 1400 terrestrial transmitters.
 Doordarshan operates 19 channels
i. 2 All India channels
ii. 11 Regional Languages Satellite Channels (RLSC)
iii. 4 State Networks
iv. International channel
v. Sports Channel
vi. And (DD-RS & DD-LS) for live broadcast of parliamentary proceedings

10. Some more facts - Doordarshan
 The Regional Languages Satellite channels have two components, Regional Channels and Sports
channel.
 Sports channel which telecasts rural sports like Kho-Kho, Kabaddi, etc., something which private
broadcasters will not attempt to telecast as it will not attract any revenues.
 Doordarshan is often criticized for low quality of programmes and sometimes even poor telecast
and presentation in quality.
 Additionally, since it is not a profit and loss enterprise like private channels Sun Network or Zee
TV or Sony TV or Star Plus, it does not have the requisite push for better programming.
 Despite being heavily funded and protected by the government, many critics have pointed out
that it is 50 second priority

11. Soap Operas in Doordarsh
 Indian Soap had its humble beginnings in "Hum Log" the first ever T.V. serial to be broadcasted
by Doordarshan the sole -51- T.V. channel in 1984.
 Over the years, Doordarshan has presented many popular and engrossing serials.
 For example "Waghley Ki Duniya", "Yeh Jo Hain Zindagi", "Nukkad", "Rajni" and the list goes on!
 From the mid 1990's, Cable TV brought about a home entertainment revolution.

12. The following are some major landmarks in
the history of Doordarshan:
 15.08.1965 Regular service with daily news bulletin in
Hindi
 26.01.1967 Krishi Darshan - programmes for farmers
 02.10.1972 Television in a second city—Mumbai
 01.01.1976 Commercials introduced
 52 01.04.1976 Doordarshan delinked from AIR.
 15.08.1982 National programmes, colour transmission
and networking through satellite.
 15.07.1984 First mass appeal serial Hum Log.
 09.08.1984 Second channel at Delhi.
 09.08.1985 First regional satellite network in
Maharashtra.
 23.02.1987 Morning transmissions
 26.01.1989 Afternoon transmissions
 01.04.1993 Metro channel with satellite networking
 01.10.1993 Regional language satellite channels.
 14.03.1995 DD India—International channel.
 18.03.1999 DD Sports channel inaugurated - News on
the hour.
 15.08.1999 DD News and current affairs channel. (Test
transmission).