The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India established in 1935. It is headquartered in Mumbai and governs monetary policy and regulates banking. Key functions include issuing currency, acting as banker to the government and banks, managing foreign exchange reserves, and regulating the banking system through powers like licensing banks and inspecting them. It aims to maintain price stability and ensure adequate credit flow through tools like repo and reverse repo rates, cash reserve ratios, and open market operations.
Rbi is the central banking institution of India established in the year 1935. It is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Current governor of Rbi is Shaktikanta Das.
Functions of Rbi are like-
It controls and supervises the functioning of financial institutions, commercial banks and non-banking financial companies by establishing certain set rules & regulations to be followed
It is authorized to facilitate the issuance and flow of currency in the country by analyzing economic structure and prevailing scenario to decide on the number of paper notes to be printed & circulated in the system
While RBI prints the paper currency, coins are minted by the govt. of India and RBI acts as an agent for handling and distributing coins
RBI also keeps on upgrading the security features in currency to avoid any kind of counterfeiting of currency
It serves as a banker to the government by carrying out country’s financial transactions efficiently by maintaining accounts of payments and receipts
It works as a banker’s bank in a way that commercial banks hold their account in Rbi, deposits money and borrows money as and when required on the prevailing interest rate
It regulated foreign exchange transactions by facilitating foreign trade and maintaining foreign exchange market in India to create forex reserve
Until 2016 monetary policy was solely under control of Rbi, but as in 2016 Monetary policy committee had been formed to decide and fix the interest rate in India
Repo Rate
Repo Rate – It is the rate charged by Rbi while lending money to commercial banks for a shorter time period of less than 90 days. If Rbi wants to make borrowing money expensive for commercial bank it increases the repo rate and in similar way it decreases repo rate to make borrowings cheaper for commercial bank. Current Repo Rate is 6.50%
Reverse Repo Rate
Reverse repo rate is the interest rate charged by commercial banks on Rbi for borrowing money. This borrowing is usually for a shorter period of time. Current Reverse Repo Rate is 6.25%
Bank Rate
It is the interest rate charged by Rbi on long-term borrowings by commercial banks. Current Bank Rate is 6.75%
Cash Reserve Ratio – It is mandated to keep certain percentage of deposit as a cash reserve in Rbi, this obligatory deposit by commercial banks in Rbi is known as Cash Reserve Ratio. Current CRR is 4%
Statutory Liquidity Ratio – It is proportion of net demand and time liabilities mandated to be maintained as liquid reserve usually in the form of cash and gold reserve by commercial banks in Rbi. Current SLR is 19.5%
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Rbi is the central banking institution of India established in the year 1935. It is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Current governor of Rbi is Shaktikanta Das.
Functions of Rbi are like-
It controls and supervises the functioning of financial institutions, commercial banks and non-banking financial companies by establishing certain set rules & regulations to be followed
It is authorized to facilitate the issuance and flow of currency in the country by analyzing economic structure and prevailing scenario to decide on the number of paper notes to be printed & circulated in the system
While RBI prints the paper currency, coins are minted by the govt. of India and RBI acts as an agent for handling and distributing coins
RBI also keeps on upgrading the security features in currency to avoid any kind of counterfeiting of currency
It serves as a banker to the government by carrying out country’s financial transactions efficiently by maintaining accounts of payments and receipts
It works as a banker’s bank in a way that commercial banks hold their account in Rbi, deposits money and borrows money as and when required on the prevailing interest rate
It regulated foreign exchange transactions by facilitating foreign trade and maintaining foreign exchange market in India to create forex reserve
Until 2016 monetary policy was solely under control of Rbi, but as in 2016 Monetary policy committee had been formed to decide and fix the interest rate in India
Repo Rate
Repo Rate – It is the rate charged by Rbi while lending money to commercial banks for a shorter time period of less than 90 days. If Rbi wants to make borrowing money expensive for commercial bank it increases the repo rate and in similar way it decreases repo rate to make borrowings cheaper for commercial bank. Current Repo Rate is 6.50%
Reverse Repo Rate
Reverse repo rate is the interest rate charged by commercial banks on Rbi for borrowing money. This borrowing is usually for a shorter period of time. Current Reverse Repo Rate is 6.25%
Bank Rate
It is the interest rate charged by Rbi on long-term borrowings by commercial banks. Current Bank Rate is 6.75%
Cash Reserve Ratio – It is mandated to keep certain percentage of deposit as a cash reserve in Rbi, this obligatory deposit by commercial banks in Rbi is known as Cash Reserve Ratio. Current CRR is 4%
Statutory Liquidity Ratio – It is proportion of net demand and time liabilities mandated to be maintained as liquid reserve usually in the form of cash and gold reserve by commercial banks in Rbi. Current SLR is 19.5%
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Subscribe to DevTech Finance
includes objectives of monetary policy and its importance and discussed different monetary instruments like bank rate, cash reserve ratio, statutary liquidity ratio, rationing of credit , moral suasion, repo rate, marginal requirement
.Monetary policy is the macroeconomic policy laid down by the central bank. It involves management of money supply and interest rate and is the demand side economic policy used by the government of a country to achieve macroeconomic objectives like inflation, consumption, growth and liquidity.
OBJECTIVES OF MONETARY POLICY
Full Employment
• Price Stability
• Economic Growth
• Balance of Payments
• Exchange Rate Stability
• Neutrality of Money
• Equal Income Distribution
includes objectives of monetary policy and its importance and discussed different monetary instruments like bank rate, cash reserve ratio, statutary liquidity ratio, rationing of credit , moral suasion, repo rate, marginal requirement
.Monetary policy is the macroeconomic policy laid down by the central bank. It involves management of money supply and interest rate and is the demand side economic policy used by the government of a country to achieve macroeconomic objectives like inflation, consumption, growth and liquidity.
OBJECTIVES OF MONETARY POLICY
Full Employment
• Price Stability
• Economic Growth
• Balance of Payments
• Exchange Rate Stability
• Neutrality of Money
• Equal Income Distribution
Roles, objectives and functions of Reserve Bank of India. Structure of RBI. It will give overview of RBI. It's regulatory functions and it's credit creation objectives. It will enlighten steps to Control inflation and the tools used for inflation control. It will also help students to get an overview of RBI structure and the functions it carries out
-The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central banking institution, which controls the monetary policy of the Indian rupee.
-It commenced its operations on 1st April 1935 in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
-Started as a Shareholders Bank with original share capital divided into shares of 100 each fully paid, which were initially owned entirely by private shareholders.
-The general superintendence and direction of the RBI is entrusted with the 21-member Central Board of Directors.
MAJOR Functions-
1.Issue of Bank Notes
2.Banker to Government
3.Custodian of Cash Reserves of Commercial Banks
4.Custodian of Country's Foreign Currency Reserves
5.Lender of Last Resort
6.Central Clearance and Accounts Settlement
7.Controller of Credit
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
2. INTRODUCTION
It is the Central Bank of
India Established in “1st April
1935” under the “RESERVE
BANK OF INDIA ACT”.
Its head quarter is in
Mumbai (Maharashtra). Its
present governor is “MR. D
Subbarao”.
It has “22 Regional Offices”,
most of them in State capitals.
3. BRIEF HISTORY
It was set up on the recommendations of the “Hilton
Young Commission”.
It was started as Share-Holders Bank with a paid up capital
of 5 crores.
Initially it was located in Kolkata.
It moved to Mumbai in 1937.
Initially it was Privately Owned.
5. PREAMBLE
The Preamble of the Reserve Bank of India
describes the basic functions of the Reserve Bank as
:-
“…To regulate the issue of Bank Notes and keeping of
reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in
India and generally to operate the currency and credit
system of the country to its advantage."
6. FUNCTIONS OF RBI
Issue of currency
Development role
Banker to government
Banker to bank
Role of RBI in inflation control
Formulate monetary policy
Manager of foreign reserve
Clearing house functions
Regulations of banking system
7. Issue of Currency
To ensure adequate quantity of supplies of currency notes and
coins of good quality.
Issues new currency and destroys currency and coins not fit for
circulation.
It has to keep in forms of gold and foreign securities as per
statutory rules against notes & coins issued.
Developmental Role
To develop the quality of banking system in India.
Performs a wide range of promotional functions to support
national objectives.
To establish financial institutions of national importance, for e.g:
NABARD,IDBI etc.
8. Banker to the Government:
Performs all banking function for the central and the state
governments and also acts as their banker excepting that of
Jammu and Kashmir. It makes loans and advances to the States
and local authorities. It acts as adviser to the Government on all
monetary and banking matters.
9. Banker to banks:
Maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks.
RBI also regulates the opening /installation of ATM Fresh
currency notes for ATMs are supplied by RBI.
RBI regulates the opening of branches by banks.
It ensures that all the N.B.F.S follow the Know Your Customer
guidelines.
10. The Reserve Bank of India also regulates the trade of gold.
Currently 17 Indian banks are involved in the trade of gold in
India.
RBI has invited applications from more banks for direct import
of gold to curb illegal trade in gold and increase competition in
the market.
Collection and publication of data.
It issues guidelines and directives for the commercial banks.
11. Role of RBI in inflation control
Inflation arises when the demand increases and there is a
shortage of supply There are two policies in the hands of the RBI.
Monetary Policy: It includes the interest rates. When the bank
increases the interest rates than there is reduction in the
borrowers and people try to save more as the rate of interest has
increased.
Fiscal Policy: It is related to direct taxes and government
spending. When direct taxes increased and government spending
increased than the disposable Income of the people reduces and
hence the demand reduces.
12. Formulate monetary policy
Maintain price stability and ensuring adequate flow of credit
in the economy.
It formulates implements and monitors the monetary policy.
Instruments: qualitative & quantitative.
13. Quantitative Measures
Quantitative Measures “BANK RATE” also called “Discount
Rate”.
It also includes “Repo Rate”.
“Open Market Operations” buying and selling of government
securities.
“Variable Reserve Ratio” it includes C.R.R and S.L.R
Qualitative Measures
1. Direct Action
2. Moral persuasion
3. Legislation
4. Publicity
14. BANK RATE
It’s the interest rate that is charged by a country’s central
bank on loans and advances to control money supply in the
economy and the banking sector.
This is typically done on a quarterly basis to control inflation
and stabilize the country’s exchange rates.
A fluctuation in bank rates Triggers a Ripple-Effect as it
impacts every sector of a country’s economy.
A change in bank rates affects customers as it influences
Prime Interest Rates for personal loans.
The present bank rate is 9%
15. REPO RATE
Whenever the banks have any shortage of funds they can
borrow it from the central bank. Repo rate is the rate at which
our banks borrow currency from the central bank.
A reduction in the repo rate will help banks to get Money at a
cheaper rate.
When the repo rate increases borrowing from the central
bank becomes more expensive.
In order to increse the liquidity in the market, the central
bank does it.
The present repo rate is 8%
16. REVERSE REPO RATE
It’s the rate at which the banks park surplus funds with reserve
bank.
While the Repo rate is the rate at which the banks borrow from
the central bank.
It is mostly done , when there is surplus liquidity in the market
by the central bank.
The present reverse repo rate is 7%
17. • Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the amount of Cash(liquid cash like
gold)that the banks have to keep with RBI.
•This Ratio is basically to secure solvency of the bank and to drain
out the excessive money from the banks.
•The present CRR rate is 4.75%.
18. •It is the amount a commercial bank needs to maintain in the
form of cash, or gold or govt. approved securities (Bonds)
before providing credit to its customers.
•SLR rate is determined and maintained by the RBI (Reserve
Bank of India) in order to control the expansion of bank credit.
•The present SLR rate is 23%.
19. 1. Direct Action: The central bank may take direct action against
commercial banks that violate the rules, orders or advice of the
central bank. This punishment is very severe of a commercial bank.
2. Moral persuasion: It is another method by which central bank
may get credit supply expanded or contracted. By moral pressure it
may prohibit or dissuade commercial banks to deal in speculative
business.
20. 3. Legislation:
The central bank may also adopt necessary legislation for
expanding or contracting credit money in the market.
4. Publicity:
The central bank may resort to massive advertising campaign
in the news papers, magazines and journals depicting the poor
economic conditions of the country suggesting commercial
banks and other financial institutions to control credit either
by expansion or by contraction.
21. Manager of Foreign Exchange
To facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly
development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in
India.
It acts as a custodian and Manages the Foreign Exchange
Management Act,(FEMA) 1999.
RBI buys and sells foreign currency to maintain the exchange
rate of Indian Rupee v/s foreign currencies like the US Dollar,
Euro, Pound and Japanese yen.
22. Clearing House Functions
The RBI operates
clearing houses to settle
banking transactions.
The RBI manages 14
major clearing houses of
the country situated in
different major cities.
The State Bank of India
and its associates look
after clearing houses
function in other parts of
the country as an agent
of RBI.
23. The prime duty of the reserve Bank is to regulate the banking
system of our country in such a way that the people of the
country can trust in the banking Up to perform its duty.
The Reserve Bank has following powers in this regard:
•Licensing:
According to the section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act,
every bank has to obtain license from the Reserve Bank. The
Reserve Bank issues such license only to those banks which
fulfill condition of the bank.
24. Management:
Section 10 of the Banking Regulation Act embowered the
Reserve Bank to change manager or director of any bank if it
considers it necessary or desirable.
Branch Expansion:
Section 23 requires every bank to take prior permission from
Reserve Bank to open new places of business in India.
Power of inspection of Bank:
Under Section 35, the Reserve Bank may inspect any bank and
its books and accounts either at its own initiative or at the
instance of the Central Government.