- Open access publishing has grown significantly in recent years with more open access mandates, publishers, central funds, and impact factors for open access journals. - BioMed Central is the largest open access publisher, publishing over 190 journals and 44,000 articles under Creative Commons licenses. It covers costs through article processing charges (APCs) and other revenue streams. - Many funders now mandate open access, increasing author compliance for open access. More institutions are also establishing central funds to pay article processing fees.

1. Latest Developments in Open Access Matthew Cockerill Managing Director, BioMed Central

2. What’s new in Open Access Peter Suber’s SPARC Open Access newsletter includes a roundup of the 137 most important OA developments - in November… I will focus just on OA publishing

3. More, more, more… More open access mandates More open access publishers More central open access funds More impact factors for OA journals More evidence that open access is a viable business model

4. Traditional research publishing The research community transfers rights to the publisher The publisher covers costs by selling access to the content Open Access research publishing No barriers to access The publisher does not acquire exclusive rights Typically the publisher is paid for the service of publication A quick refresher on the open access publishing model

5. About BioMed Central Largest publisher of peer-reviewed open access journals Launched first open access journal in 2000 Now publishes >190 OA titles >44,000 peer reviewed OA articles published All research articles published under Creative Commons licence Costs covered by 'article processing charge' (APC)

6. Revenue streams for OA publishers like BioMed Central Publication fees Subscriptions to non-research content (e.g. reviews) Advertising/sponsorship Services

7. Revenue streams for OA publishers like BioMed Central Publication fees Subscriptions to non-research content (e.g. reviews) Advertising/sponsorship Services

8. OA publication fees BioMed Central $780-$2100 Public Library of Science $1300-$2850 Hindawi $300-$1250 Company of Biologists $3100 Oxford University Press $3000 Royal Society ~$3000 Springer $3000 Taylor & Francis $3250 Wiley $3000

9. How do OA publication fees get paid? Many authors pay out of grant funds Some funders provide dedicated funds Some institutions cover costs for their researchers centrally Some OA journals are centrally supported and have no author-facing fees

10. BioMed Central journals which do not charge author fees Chinese Medicine Chiropractic & Osteopathy Italian Journal of Pediatrics Journal of Biomedical Science Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research Journal of the International AIDS Society Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology

11. BioMed Central’s institutional payment options Prepay membership Institution pays funds into a deposit account Article Processing Charge is covered by funds from account Discount depending on deposit amount Author does not have to pay Simplified administration/reporting Supporter membership Institution pays a flat fee Author pays a discounted Article Processing Charge

12. Membership at other OA publishers

13. Membership at other OA publishers

14. How are BioMed Central OA fees being paid? 30% Prepay members 15% Individual APCs (Supporter members) 50% Individual APCs (Non-members) 5% Waivers

15. Funders and OA

16. NIH policy became mandatory in January 2008 Compliance has increased from 4% to more than 60% About 28,000 author manuscripts have already been made available under the policy

18. UK PubMed Central funders Predates NIH policy by a year, but author compliance lower (<50%) Covers about 80% of biomedical funding in UK

19. Europe European Research Council FP7 Open Access Pilot SOAP – a research project on OA business models funded as part of FP7

20. High Energy Physics - SCOAP3

21. Institutions and OA

22. Harvard: Office of Scholarly Communications

23. Examples of central institutional funds for Open Access publication fees Aarhus Berkeley Calgary Harvard (part of plan for Office of Scholarly Communication) Max Planck Nottingham

25. Impact Factors

26. Which have been Biomed Central’s most rapidly growing journals

27. What do these journals have in common?

28. Official Impact Factors

29. Impact Factors increasingly help Open Access journals Impact Factors initially made things tough for new OA journals But 45 BioMed Central journals now have official Impact Factors A major driver of growth

30. Manuscript submissions continue to grow rapidly

31. Breakdown of submission growth by journal type

32. Established journals are switching to open access

36. Open Access publishing, then and now… 2008 2000 And more…

37. OASPA - a new industry association

38. Goals of OASPA Represent interests of Open Access publishers as a group Agree common definition of Open Access Enforce high standards of editorial and business practice amongst members Establish guidelines for how publishers and institutions can best manage Open Access publication fees

39. Springer’s acquisition of BioMed Central +

40. Springer acquisition FAQs Will BioMed Central’s policy of open access to all research continue? Yes – this was an obligatory condition for the deal to gain approval by BioMed Central’s Board of Trustees Is BioMed Central profitable? Springer bought BioMed Central because it is a healthy publishing business, in a growing sector of the market Will BioMed Central APCs be increased to Springer Open Choice levels? There are no plans to change BioMed Central’s APC pricing policy as a result of the deal

41. Springer’s experimental institutional Open Access deals Several institutions now have licensing deals with Springer allow their authors to select the Open Choice option without additional payment Max Planck UKB (Dutch consortium) Georg-August University of Goettingen The University of California says it is negotiating a similar deal with Springer

42. Conclusions OA publishing has gone from being an experiment to a proven alternative model Institutions, funders and existing journals are responding It will be interesting to see how it all plays out!