The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a 17-mile long particle accelerator that smashes protons together at nearly the speed of light to recreate conditions shortly after the Big Bang and answer fundamental questions about the universe. It aims to detect elusive particles like the Higgs boson and help explain mysteries like dark matter. The LHC accelerates two beams of protons in opposite directions around its ring and uses powerful magnets to force the beams to collide in four locations, where detectors observe the collision debris to gain insights into physics at the smallest scales.

2. What is the Large Hadron Collider?
•The LHC is a very large particle accelerator, roughly 17
miles long
•Its primary function is to use electric fields to force
charged particles to move at very high speeds and collide
them each other and there by create the early stages of
Big-Bang .
• It smashes protons moving at 99.999999% of the speed
of light into each other and so recreate conditions a
fraction of a second after the big bang.

3. Why do we want LHC?
• Questions that need to be answered:
– What is the Higgs Boson?
– How many dimensions are there in the universe?
– Is the string theory real?
– What is dark matter?
– What happened the instant after the Big Bang?

4. How LHC works?
•Forcing two beams of atomic particles to travel in
opposite directions.
•Once these beams reach their maximum speed,
forces them to collide in four places on their path.
•Collisions create new particles and energy, and
we use the detectors in the LHC to observe the
particle and energy

5. Higgs-Boson
•Right after the Big-Bang absolute symmetry of universe
shattered and a invisible energy switched on and it fills
entire universe
•This field selectively affects some of the fundamental
particle and causing them to get mass
•Protons interact strongly with this field and cause more
weight and electron interact less strongly and light
weight
•Photon not interacting with this field and no mass
•Particle which causes this field is Higgs-boson
•In LHC we are trying to create such a powerful
disturbance in Higgs field there by detect the Higgs-Boson

6. Higgs-Boson
•Life time of Higgs-Boson is 10-21 sec. , Until now we
don’t have any lab to detect it
•So in LHC we are trying to detect the particle which
produced by the decay of Higgs-Boson
•Out of thousands of Higgs decay there should be a
decay of photon which cane be measured in a detector
•In 2012 LHC scientists observed a Boson with energy of
125.3 GeV

7. How LHC works
•Trillions of H atom injects into a collider
•Every 1.2 sec. 1014 protons are accelerating
•Protons accelerate in large and large loops until they
are finally direct into a main way
•After 20 min. of acceleration each proton is moving
nearly the speed of light
•Finally we collide them head on

8. Compressed H gas cylinder
•Compressed H gas
cylinder sprays H atoms
to linear accelerator
•Binging of worlds largest
and most powerful
particle accelerator

9. Proton linear accelerator
•Reaches one third of speed
of light
•50 MeV Protons
• from Source chamber of
linear accelerator electron of
H atom strip off so that we
will get proton alone
•These protons are
accelerated by an electric
field

10. Proton booster
•For maximize the
intensity of beam the
package is dived into
four
•Now linear acceleration
is hard so we are using
electro-magnetic field
to bend the beam
around the circle
•Reaches 91.6 % of
speed of light

11. Proton Synchrotron
•628m circumference
•Reaches 99.999999 % of
velocity of light
•Limiting speed o light
•Energy of each proton is
25 GeV

12. Super Proton Synchrotron
•7 Km circumference
•Reaches the energy of
450 GeV
•Here the protons are
get sufficiently energies
to launch into LHC

13. LHC
•27 Km circumference
•Two vacuum pipes within
LHC of which proton beams
travel in opposite direction
•One vacuum pipe with
proton circulating clock
wise and other one in anti-
clock wise direction
•Reaches energy of 7 TeV
•Counter rotating beams
cross over in four detectors
and collide inside it

14. LHC Detectors
•ATLAS and CMS are the
main detectors in LHC
•Where they analyze the
result of head on collision
of proton

15. TO PINPOINT THE SMALLEST FRAGMENTS OF THE
UNIVERSE YOU HAVE TO BUILD THE BIGGEST
MACHINE IN THE WORLD.
10 YEAR
10 BILLION DOLLAR
TO FIND OUT FINITE PIECE OF COSMO
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Presented by
Muhammed Arshad T
CUTN