This document provides information on plant identification and selection criteria for landscape design. It discusses factors to consider like soil, water, sunlight. It also describes different types of plants like their growth rate, uses for specific conditions. Trees and plants are categorized based on features like evergreen, deciduous, shape, pollution control. Examples of various trees and plants are given along with their botanical names, descriptions and uses. Selection of appropriate plants depends on the site conditions and functional requirements.

1. PLANT IDENTIFICATION
Dedicated to my beloved family & respected faculty…..
ASSIGNMENT
Submitted to:-
Ar.ashwani kalyani

2. The following criteria shall be considered in
planting design :
1. Plant Material
2. Soil conditions
3. Availability and quality of water
4. Availability of sunlight
5. Quality of air
6. Maintenance
7. Functional Aspects of Design with Plants
8. Air Pollution Control by Plants
 Plant Material
The major sets of factors that influence the
choice of plant material are related to the
characteristics, both botanical and physical
of plant material and the context in which the
plant material is to be used.
– Physical and Botanical Characteristics of
Plant Material
 Nomenclature (botanical and trade-name);
 Origin, family and natural habitat;
 Growth characteristic and form as a
function of habitat;
 Physical characteristics, for example bark,
texture, foliage, etc.
 Propagation and maintenance; and
 Use in landscape design

3.  Vegetation Types (Evergreen and deciduous) :-
(a) Evergreen trees for :
 Places requiring shade throughout the year,
 Strong visual screening
 Areas where leaf lifter is to be discouraged.
(b) Deciduous trees for :
 Greater visual variety,
 Partial visual barrier,
 Areas where shade is not required throughout
the year.
 Growth Rate and Age of Vegetation :-
 slower growing-
1. eg. Cycus revoluta (sago palm)
2. age-50-100 yrs.
3. Ht- 6-7 mtr
Uses:- institutional Campuses, large urban
development and other public landscapes.
 Faster growing-
1. It is used in shelterbelts.
 Growth Habits of Various Kinds of Vegetation
and Their Form :
Trees of fastigiated or columnar habit —
Examples of trees of this type are:
1. Grevillea robusta (Silver oak)
2. Polyathia long folia (Ashok)
3. Populous species (Poplar).
Though the branching pattern of each is different,
the overall shape is similar.

4. Botanical name- Grevillea robusta
Vernacular name:- silver oak
Type of veg. - evergreen maturity
8-10yrs. Life 20-30 yrs.
Height- 18-35 mtr
Spread- 6-9 mtr
Uses- windbreak & shade tree
Soil- any soil type
Note:- It is a fast growing evergreen
Tree.
Grevillea robusta
Polyalthia longifolia
Botanical name-
Polyalthia longifolia
Vernacular name:-
ashok
Polys (greek) to cure
(medicinal properties)
Longifolia (latin)-long
leaves
Type of veg. - evergreen maturity 6-10yrs.
Life 150 yrs.
Height- 15-22 mtr
Spread- 7-11 mtr
Uses- ornamental deep shade tree
Soil- any well drained soil.

5. Populus
Botanical name-
Populus
Vernacular name:-
popular
Type of veg. - deciduous
maturity 8-10 yrs. Life
40 yrs.
Height- 18-22 mtr
Spread- 6-9 mtr
Uses- windbreak & shade tree
Soil- sandy loams
Note:- fast growing tree with growth rates up
to 8 ft. per year
 Tall trees with broad canopy — Examples of
trees of this type are:
1. Dalbergia sissoo (Sheesham)
2. Tamarinds indica (Imli)
3. Terminalia arjuna (Arjun).

6. DALBERGIA SISSOO
Botanical name-
DALBERGIA SISSOO
Vernacular name:-
Shisham, sisam
Type of veg. - deciduous
maturity 10-15 yrs. Life
80-100 yrs.
Height- 12-17 mtr
Spread- 12-19 mtr
Uses- good road side shade tree,
special in hot climate
Soil- any soil type but not badly
drained tract.
TAMARINDUS INDICA
Botanical name-
TAMARINDUS INDICA
Vernacular name:- imli
Type of veg. - deciduous
maturity 8-12 yrs. Life
200-250 yrs.
Height- 15-22 mtr
Spread- 12-19 mtr
Uses- with stands dust & insects.in
delhi it remain bare in may
Soil- prefer deep well drained
alluvial soil.

7. TERMINALIA ARJUNA
Botanical name-
terminalia arjuna
Vernacular name:-
arjun
Type of veg. - deciduous
maturity 5-8 yrs. Life 80-
100 yrs.
Height- 18-25 mtr
Spread- 12-19 mtr
Uses- excellent shade tree and often
planted on roadsides
Soil- prefer deep well drained alluvial soil.
Species suitable for wind breaks are :
 For Dry and Arid Regions
A. Ailanthus excelsa (Maharukh)
B. Albilzia lebbeck (Siris)
C. Azadiracta indica (Neem)
D. Dalbergia sissoo (Sisham)
E. Eugenia jambolana (Jamun)
F. Grevillea robusta (Silver oak)
G. Tamarinds indica (Imli)
H. Pongamia glabra (Indian beech)
I. Tamarix articzdata (Tamarisk)

8. Albizia lebbeck
Botanical name- Albizia
lebbeck
Vernacular name:- Siris
Type of veg. - deciduous
Life 30-40 yrs.
Height- 9-16 mtr
Spread- 12-16mtr
Azadiracta indica
Botanical name-
Azadiracta indica
Vernacular name:- Neem
Type of veg. - deciduous
maturity 10-15 yrs. Life
70-80 yrs.
Height- 12-20 mtr
Spread- 15-22mtr
climate- Dry
Uses- used to keep insects out of clothes,
books, The twigs are used as tooth-sticks, The
tree is very often planted for shade along
roads, etc.

9. Ailanthus excelsa
Botanical name-
Ailanthus excelsa
Vernacular name:-
Maharukh ,tree of heaven
Type of veg. - deciduous
maturity 15-20 yrs.
Height- 12-15 mtr
Spread- 13-19 mtr
Uses- control erosion, shelter belt
plantation
Soil- any soil prefer sandy loam.
Eugenia jambolana
Botanical name- Eugenia
jambolana
Vernacular name:- jaman
Description:—A medium-
sized to large evergreen
tree & It flowers from
March to May and fruits
in July.
Habitat:—All India except the dry regions, to
Indo-China and Australia.
Uses:—The main uses of the jaman are for
shade and fruit. The bark and seed are used
medicinally.

10. For Coastal Area
1. Anacardium occidentale (Cashew)
2. Ailanthus malabarica (Alston)
3. Cassuarina equisetifolia (Beef-wood)
4. Pongamia glabra (India beech)
5. Sesbania aculeate (Sesban)
6. Thevetia Peruviana (Yellow oleander)
7. Thespesia populnea (Indian Tulip)
8. Vitex negundo (Sephali)
Cassuarina equisetifolia
Botanical name-
Cassuarina equisetifolia
Vernacular name:- Beef-
wood & janli sasu
Type of veg. - evergreen
Maturity 6-8 yrs Life 50-
60 yrs.
Height- 15-22 mtr
Spread- 9-13mtr
Uses- ornamentals, thin, light shade
Soil- variety of soil type ,prefer
lose sea sand.

11. Pongamia glabra
Botanical name- Pongamia
glabra
Vernacular name:-
karanj India beech &
ponga oil tree
Type of veg. - deciduous
Maturity 5 -8 yrs Life 70-
80 yrs.
Height- 15-22 mtr
Spread- 9-13mtr
Habitat:—Sandy beds of streams and on the sea
coast.
Uses:—Mainly used as a shade tree. The seeds
give a thick reddish-brown oil used for burning
and also medicinally for
skin diseases..
Air Pollution Control by Plants
• Air pollution may be caused by areas or point
sources such as cities, industrial areas,
factories or by linear sources such as
highways.
• Vegetation buffers can minimize the build-up of
pollution levels in urban areas, by acting as
pollution sinks.
• Studies have established that air pollution,
smoke and sulphur dioxide leads to an
exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases
and they are linked to lung cancer, pnemonia,
tuberculosis, chest disease in children,stomach
cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

12. Effect of Plant
Some of the beneficial results of plantations may
be:
• They are good absorbers of sulphur dioxide.
• Parks with trees have an S02 level lower than
city streets.
• Roadside hedges can reduce traffic generated
air borne lead, on leeward side.
• Heavy roadside planting in the form of
shelterbelts can result in a reduction in airborne
lead.
Some main criteria for selection of plants may be:
 Tree, shrubs should have a dense foliage with a
large surface area, because leaves
absorb pollutants.
 Evergreen trees are found to be more effective.
The following species may be examined for their
likely potential for pollution control:
 Acacia arabica (Babul)
 Ficus bengalensis (Banyan)
 Ficus religiosa (Peepal)
 Lilium spp. (Lily)
 Polyalthia lotigifolia (Ashok)
 Tamarinds indica (Imli)
 Thuja occidentals (Cedar)
 Prosopis Juliflora (Mesquite)
 Zizypus jujuba (Jujuba), etc.
Choosing Plant

13. Ficus bengalensis
Botanical name- Ficus
bengalensis
Vernacular name:-
Banyan (Bengalensis in
Latin means from Bengal)
Type of veg. -evergreen
Maturity 10 -20 yrs Life
150-200 yrs.
Height- 15-22 mtr
Spread- 18-25mtrUses:—deep shade.
Ficus religiosa
Botanical name- Ficus
religiosa
Vernacular name:- pipal
(Religiosa in Latin means
pertaining to religion and
is given to the tree is
considered sacred.)
Type of veg. -deciduous
Maturity 6 -8 yrs Life
above 200 yrs.Height:- 12-19 mts
Spread:- 15-25 mts
Soil:- any type of soil
Uses:- good shade tree with a long life.
Applications
Air pollution shelterbelts may be used to protect
sensitive land uses from air pollution. For
instance school playgrounds, children play area
and residential estates close to major roads may
be so protected.

14. Some of the beneficial plant:-
Eucalytus globulus
Botanical name-
Eucalytus globulus
Vernacular name:-
Eucalyptus
Type of veg. -evergreen
Maturity 5 -10 yrs Life
30-40 yrs
Spread:- 25-45 mts
Height:- 9-12 mts
Height:- 12-19 mts
Spread:- 15-25 mts
Soil:- varied soil except clay.prefer well
drained soil.
ROSA
Vernacular name:- rose
Type of veg. -evergreen
& deciduous both
depends on variety
Height:- upto 2 mts
Uses;- functional &
aesthetic

15. CARICA PAPAYA
Vernacular name:- papaya
Type of veg. -evergreen
Height:- 5-10 mts
Category of veg.:- tree
Uses;- functional &
aesthetic
Vernacular name:- aloe
vera
Type of veg. -evergreen
Height:- upto 1 mts
Category of veg.:- shrubs
Uses;- functional &
aesthetic
ALOE VERA
CITRUS LIMON
Vernacular name:- lemon
Type of veg. -evergreen
Height:- 3-6mts
Category of veg.:- tree
Uses;- functional &
aesthetic

16. Category of vegetation:
Shrub
Vernacular Name:
Bamboo Palm, Lady Palm.
Height:-around 2mt
Type of vegetation:
Deciduous.
Uses: Aesthetical.
Raphis Palm
Category of vegetation:
Shrub
Vernacular Name: : Areca
Palm.
Height:-around 2mt
Type of vegetation:
Deciduous.
Uses: Aesthetical.
Chrysalidocarpus Lutescens
Nolina
Category of vegetation:
Shrub
Vernacular Name: : Giant
Nolina.
Height:-around 2mt
Type of vegetation:
Deciduous.
Uses: Aesthetical.