This assignment work briefly discuss the integration between land use and transport. Cordinated planning between these 2 aspects is very importatnt as they both are interdependent hence going for a land use transport model would be much logical in planning rather than convemntional models .

1. URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING
Assignment-01
LAND USE TRANSPORT CYCLE
Submitted by-
AKASH

2. Various Points of View on Interrelationships
1. Transportation system as a response to demands resulting from the spatial dispersion of land uses and
activities.
2. Land use / Urban form as response to opportunities created by transportation network.
3. Transportation and land use co-evolve in response to technological innovation and other influencing
factors.
INTRODUCTION

3. Classic demand supply relationship Demand supply relationship between transport and land use
• AS supply of an item increases demand
of that item decreases
Ex-
• construction of a highway
interchange (supply)
• This favors the concentration of
commercial and service
activities(which generate
transport demand)
• This demand seeks additional
transport infrastructure (supply)
• which in turn will favor the
location of new activities (which
in turn put forward again more
transport demands)
• Transport as a supply and land use as a demand have a
interdependent reciprocal relationship

4. Basic components of land use transport cycle
POLICIES
ECONOMY
HISTORY CHANCES
Endogenous and Exogenous components
Exogenous factors demographics, regional
economics, government policies, and external
effects.
Endogenous parts represent the supply(transportation
facilities)-demand mechanism in the system
Each type of urban activity has its own mobility
requirements that are serviced by the urban transport
system and have locational preferences that vary according
to urban transport infrastructures

5. The land use-transport feedback cycle. Source: (Wegener, 2004)
According to this framework,
• the distribution of land use determines the
location of activities.
• The need for interaction arises as a
consequence of the spatial separation
between land-use activities.
• The transport system creates opportunities
for interaction or mobility, which can be
measured as accessibility.
• The distribution of accessibility in space,
over time, co-determines location decisions
and so results in changes in the land-use
system
the interactions between transportation and land use are
frequently referred to as a "chicken-and-egg" problem,
because it is difficult to demonstrate empirically whether
transportation changes precede or follow land use
changes.

6. Negative feed back cycle and positive feedback cycle
• For public transport –Bus, Rail, Metro Higher demand
leads to higher frequencies
• For private vehicles – 2W, car Higher demand leads to
congestion Demand for new infrastructure
Public transit
oriented planning
With multi modal
integration
Accessibility
Density & land
values
Land use
-TOD
Activity pattern

7. Technological innovation in automobile transport sector and its impact on urban form, land uses
• Over the years Technology has contributed to
increasing speeds, vehicle capacity, range of travel
which in turn shaped the urban form.
• However in late 20th century. While European cities
leaned on public transit, North American cities relied
more on the automobile.

8. Indian cities- Sprawling , lack of integrated planning
Bangalore
Hyderabad Ahmedabad
Hyderabad Bangalore Ahmedabad
Compactness
index
0.6 0.63 0.90
Trip Length (total)
km
10.5 11 5.7
Vehicle km/capita 10.81 8.90 6.4

9. Mumbai Kolkatta Chennai
Indian cities- Sprawling , lack of integrated planning
• In times of rapid economic growth demand for
land use accelerates and development of
transportation facilities may not able to keep up
• Due to sprawl Average trip lengths and average
Vehicle kms have increased significantly

10. Automobile
dependency
Congestion
Marginalization of
other modes of
transport
High fuel
consumption
More
environmental
impact
Sprawl
Loss of agriculture
and
environmental
lands
Increased vehicle
Km travelled
Spatial spread
built-up,
increased runoff
and flood threats
ISSUES
Traditional & integrated land use transport models
Transportation
model
Socio-economic
data
Growth
assumptions
Socio-economic
data
Transportation
model
Socio Economic
data
Transportation
model Land use model
Socio-economic
model
Transportation
model
Traditional transport model
Integrated land use-transport model
Integrated land use transport models addresses many of these issues

11. References & Sources
1. NPTEL IIT Bombay
2. https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-transportation/
3. URDPFI Vol II

12. THANK YOU