This document is a lab report designed by Ilias Ahmed, detailing the programming language Lisp, including its historical context, common dialects, and fundamental arithmetic and logical operators. It also features examples of how to use these operators, as well as a sample program to calculate the area of a circle. The report contains design elements attributed to Ilias Ahmed throughout.

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Artificiale inttelegence
Lab report
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Submit by ilias ahmed
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4. Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language after Fortran and has
changed a great deal since its early days, and a number of dialects have existed over
its history. Today, the most widely known general-purpose Lisp dialects are Common
Lisp and Scheme.
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

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LAB REPORT

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Operator Description Example
+ Adds two operands (+A B) will give 30
- Subtracts second operand from the
first
(- A B) will give -10
* Multiplies both operands (* A B) will give 200
/ Divides numerator by de-numerator (/ B A) will give 2
arithmetic operators supported by LISP. Assume variable A holds 10 and
variable B holds 20 then:

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Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
Operator Description Example
= Checks if the values of the
operands are all equal or not, if
yes then condition becomes
true.
(= A B) is not true.
/= Checks if the values of the
operands are all different or not,
if values are not equal then
condition becomes true.
(/= A B) is true.
> Checks if the values of the
operands are monotonically
decreasing.
(> A B) is not true.
< Checks if the values of the
operands are monotonically
(< A B) is true.

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Assume A has value nil and Bhas value 5, then:
Operator Description Example
and It takes any number of
arguments. The arguments are
evaluated left to right. If all
arguments evaluate to non-nil,
then the value of the last
argument is returned. Otherwise
nil is returned.
(and A B) will return NIL.
or It takes any number of
arguments. The arguments are
evaluated left to right until one
evaluates to non-nil, in such case
the argument value is returned,
otherwise it returns nil.
(or A B) will return 5.
not It takes one argument and
returns t if the argument
evaluates to nil.
(not A) will return T.

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WRITE A AREA OF CIRCLE PROGRAMM IN LISP PROGRAMMING
(defconstant PI 3.141592)
(defun area-circle(rad)
(terpri) ;DESIGN BY ILIAS AHMED
(format t "Radius: ~5f" rad)
(format t "~%Area: ~10f" (* PI rad rad)))
(area-circle 10)
OUPUT:
Radius: 10.0Area: 314.1592

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