Laboratory Water Purification Technology, Products and Water Quality Standards
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An introduction to some of the technology, products and quality standards we work with and towards at Purite for our laboratorty systems.
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Laboratory Water Purification Technology, Products and Water Quality Standards
- 1. Laboratory water purification Water quality and application Paul Fowler Export Manager
- 2. 2 Contents • Introduction to Purite • Water Standards and application • Technology • Purite Equipment
- 3. 3 • Purite designs, develops and manufactures water purification systems • For use in applications in laboratory, healthcare and industry. • We specialise in a wide range of technologies, including: • ion exchange carbon filtration • reverse osmosis • electro-deionisation • ultrafiltration. About Purite
- 4. 4 Water Standards • Water is one of the most important raw materials used for research & development, laboratory and production applications. • Quality of raw water drawn from the mains or local borehole supplies can be extremely variable. • Measures need to be in place to purify the water to suitable standards. • Specific water purity standards have been developed over the years. • Quality of water required is linked to application.
- 5. 5 Water Standards BS EN ISO 3696:1995 • Three standardised grades, expressed in terms of conductivity as below: Grade Microsiemens(MIN) Resistance(MIN) pH Si(ppb)max 1 0.1 10 N/A 10 2 1 1 N/A 20 3 5 0.2 5-7.5 N/A
- 6. 6 Water Standards ASTM D1193-06 (2011) • Four standardised types, expressed in terms of conductivity as below. Further graded on bacterial, Endotoxin requirement as more application specific: Type Grade Microsiemens(MIN) Resistance(MIN) pH Si(ppb)max cfu/ml max Endotoxins Eu/ml max I 0.056 18 3 I A 0.056 18 3 10/1000 0.03 I B 0.056 18 3 10/100 0.25 I C 0.056 18 3 100/10 II 1.000 1 3 II A 1.000 1 3 10/1000 0.03 II B 1.000 1 3 10/100 0.25 II C 1.000 1 3 100/10 III 0.250 4 500 III A 0.250 4 500 10/1000 0.03 III B 0.250 4 500 10/100 0.25 III C 0.250 4 500 1000/100 IV 5.000 0.2 5-8 IV A 5.000 0.2 5-8 10/1000 0.03 IV B 5.000 0.2 5-8 10/100 0.25 IV C 5 0.2 5-8 100/10 Most people refer to ASTM standards, but interpretation varies
- 7. 7 Water Standards • Other specialised standards exist for industries such as the electronics and semiconductor industry where specific metal specifications need to be met. • The healthcare industry also has its own set of standards.
- 8. 8 Applications • Type IV Non-Critical work. Water baths, autoclave and disinfector feed, environmental chambers, plant growth rooms. Type 1 production. • Type II/III General Lab use. Glassware rinsing, media preparation, pH solutions & buffers, reagent preparation. Type 1 production. • Type I Water critical applications. Clinical Analysers, HPLC, GC, AA, ICP-MS, advanced analytical techniques, Tissue Culture, Life Science, Molecular Biology. QUALITY - LINKED TO APPLICATION
- 9. 9 Technology-RO • Latest RO technology can improve water quality and lab productivity. • RO is a powerful method of producing purified water for a wide range of laboratory duties. • Modern units will pre-filter and de-chlorinate the raw water feed, then pass through semi permeable polymer RO membranes. • The permeate passes through the membrane which removes up to 98% of the minerals and salts, plus virtually all colloids, microorganisms, endotoxins and organic macromolecules.
- 10. 10 Technology Deionisation • Deionisation can be used purify water. • It uses a mixture of resins to remove anionic and cationic contaminants from the feedwater, exchanging with active hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, which combine to form water molecules. • Deionisation can be used alone to produce Grade 1 (>10 MΩ) water, but is uneconomic at high TDS levels or for high usage (>100l/day). • Generally the most efficient treatment is a combination of RO and Deionisation.
- 11. 11 Technology Laboratory systems • Specification should begin with consideration of the standardised grades of water purity. • Having established the level of purity required, then the volume needed should be assessed. • This is followed by the decision to install a centralised or stand-alone unit. • Choice is dictated by overall costs and the operational demands of each option. • Purite has developed a range of stand-alone units designed to meet the needs of the modern laboratory
- 12. 12 Quality Considerations? QUALITY - LINKED TO APPLICATION • RO WATER (5 – 35 µs) – Feed for Humidifiers, Autoclaves, Lab ring mains. • DI WATER (1 – 10 MΩ) – Glassware rinsing, Reagent make- up, Media prep, General Lab use. • HPLC GRADE WATER (>10 MΩ) – HPLC, Ion Chromatography, Atomic Adsorption, Analyser feed. • ULTRA PURE WATER – (18.2 MΩ) – Tissue Culture, Life Science, Molecular Biology.
- 13. 13 Equipment Labwater Descale Analyst HP Purewater 300 Fusion Neptune
- 15. 15 Labwater Range L3G EDI Variants Low volume users 1-10l/d Schools Dentists Grade 2 (1-10 µs)
- 16. 16 Labwater 1 & 2 Cartridges LABWATER 1 • 1 – 10 µs • 160 Litre apacity • Colour exchange indication • Optional dispense gun LABWATER 2 • 1 – 10 µs • 320 litre capacity • Colour exchange indication • Optional dispense gun
- 17. 17 Select Range Nomenclature • Descale - Base RO Unit with pre-treatment • Analyst - Descale & DI • HP - Analyst with UMF & Recirculation
- 19. 19 Select Range • 40 – 3.6 litres / hour • 80 – 7.2 litres / hour • 160 – 14.4 litres / hour • 320 – 30 litres / hour * Size based on daily usage per a 10 hour working day
- 20. 20 Select Descale • Applications − Washing machines − Rinsing − Humidifier feed − Autoclave feed • Configuration − Carbon Pre-treatment − Reverse Osmosis − Integrally Close Coupled (ICC) or external tank
- 22. 22 Select Analyst • Applications − Reagent make up − Media preparation − Atomic Adsorption − Glassware Rinsing • Configuration − Carbon Pretreatment − Reverse Osmosis − Deionising Resin − ICC or external tank
- 24. 24 Purewater 300 • Applications − Laboratory glassware washing − 20lt internal tank − Dishwasher connection − >1MΩ.cm • Configuration − Carbon Pre-treatment − Reverse Osmosis − Deionising Resin − ICC Tank
- 26. 26 Select HP • Applications − Ion HPLC − Chromatography − Tissue Culture − Fluorescence • Configuration − Carbon Pretreatment − Reverse Osmosis − Deionising Resin − Recirculation Loop − 0.1µm internal bacterial filter − 0.2µm POU filter − ICC or External Tank
- 28. 28 Select Fusion • Applications − Dual quality water − Analytical >1MΩ.cm − Life Science upto18.2MΩ.cm − UPW up to 50lt/day max − 40, 80, 160, 320 variants − Bacteria <0.1CFU/ml, TOC <5ppb − Endotoxin <0.001EU/ml • Configuration − Carbon Pretreatment − Reverse Osmosis − Deionising Resin − Recirculation Pump − Nuclear Resin Polish − Ultrafiltration − Dual UV treatment 185/254nm − 0.2µm POU filter
- 29. 29 Fusion Configuration NB - Carbon Filter External to Unit
- 31. 31 Tank Options • Internal 20lt Tank − 40 − 80 − 160 − 320 • External Tank − 50lts - 40, 80, 160 − 100lts - 320
- 32. 32 Neptune – 3 Variants • Applications − Guaranteed 18.2MΩ.cm − Analytical − Life Science − Ultimate − Needs a pretreated water supply − 20µS/cm − Dispenses 2 litres / minute
- 33. 33 Configuration
- 35. 35 Product Selection Considerations • What flow rate is required? (litres/hr or litres/day) • What is the demand pattern? (how much needed at once) • What quality of water is required? (Grade or Type) • What is the end use application? (General Lab etc) • What quality is the feedwater? (TDS) • What is the mains pressure? (bar or psi)
- 36. 36 Contact Purite Purite Ltd Bandet Way Thame, Oxon OX9 3SJ UK Tel: +44 (0)1844 217141 Fax: +44 (0)1844 218098 Email: mail@purite.com www.purite.com