Lab 3 Sensory Physiology
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This document provides an overview of the topics and activities covered in a sensory physiology lab. The lab focuses on sight, sound, and stretch reflexes. Activities include a sheep eye dissection, testing accommodation and near and far sightedness, examining rod and cone cells, and conducting a knee jerk reflex test. The document also provides links to additional sensory physiology resources and instructions for a upcoming photosynthesis lab and library worksheet.
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This document describes the mechanisms of cough and sneeze reflexes. It explains that cough is a protective reflex triggered by irritants in the lungs and respiratory tract, while sneeze protects the nasal mucosa from irritants. Both involve inspiration, closure of the glottis or soft palate, then forceful expiration expelling air and irritants. Cough receptors are in the trachea and bronchi, while sneeze receptors are in the nose. Both reflexes are mediated by the medulla and involve vagus and trigeminal nerves. Cough expels through the mouth, while sneeze expels through both the nose and mouth.
Motor system1 reflexes
The stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex where stimulation of muscle spindles by muscle stretch leads to contraction of the same muscle. When the muscle is stretched, Ia afferents are activated and signal the spinal cord to stimulate alpha motor neurons, contracting the muscle. The inverse stretch reflex detects undue muscle tension via Golgi tendon organs and relaxes the muscle through Ib afferent inhibition of alpha motor neurons. Deep tendon reflexes like the knee jerk test spinal cord integrity by examining reflexes at different levels. Primitive reflexes are present in infants and assess development.
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1.
Movement, Cycles and Rhythms
The control of movement is often divided into mechanisms of reflexes and of voluntary movement.
What is a reflex? It is a stereotyped, automatic movement evoked by a specific stimulus. It is uniform across members of a species. Some examples in humans are the patellar or kneejerk reflex, the salivary reflex, the orienting reflex, and the pupillary reflex.
In reviewing the reflex arc, pay special attention to proprioception, muscle spindles, the stretch reflex, and primary motor cortex. (Prof. Suzuki also discusses the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, but in another lecture that I have not assigned.)
Further, let's think about the cycles in our behavior. They are ancient and varied. We certainly inherited them from species that evolved earlier than we did.
We harbor a number of rhythms. Generally, we have cellular cycles that augment the day-night rhythm to regulate our behavioral cycles. There are possibly very long cycles that govern our evolution. Men and women both run on cycles, though with differences. But do our cycles still make biological sense?
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(
answer one only
)
1) Can you point to any movements that do not involve reflexes--or some reflexes that do not involve movement?
2) Sleep is tied to recovery of normal function and memory formation. Why does it make sense, then, to stop for sleep just because the sun sets? Why not sleep just whenever we have a backlog of memories to form or we're under stress or sick? Does the wide variation in our daily experience require such an extreme regularity of sleep regulation? Since we don't learn or exercise the same amount each day, why do we nevertheless sleep the same amount? A number of possible answers are given in the first 10 minutes of this fascinating podcast but offer your own insights as well.
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-Modern male humans have approximately 10% larger brains than do female humans…and we all know that means nothing.
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-Notice the changes in the brain organization in the images from A. africanus where the brain is located behind the eyes and remains there until Homo sapiens, even in Neandertals, who happen to have a larger brain, the frontal lobe is relatively small compared to humans.
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The primary visual cortex is the area where sensory information from various sources is processed and synthesized.
The expanded visual cortex is an “ancestral” characteristic.
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…because all primates are mammals.
The neocortex occupies a larger proportion of the brain volume in humans than it does in any other species.
The neocortex is an “ancestral” characteristic. Meaning that it is a feature that has been around a long time.
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The neocortex is an “ancestral” characteristic. Meaning that it is a feature that has been around a long time.
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More role models for healthy, productive aging.
The global population is aging.
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Lab 8 - Spatial Relations
This document discusses spatial distribution patterns of populations and methods to analyze them. The three main patterns are clumped, even/uniform, and random. Clumped distributions are most common due to environmental and social factors that cause individuals to cluster together non-randomly. The Clark-Evans nearest neighbor method and variance to mean ratio method can be used to test if a population's distribution is clumped, even, or random. An interspecific association test examines the relationship between the distributions of two species sampled in the same area. Students are assigned to collect distribution data on ant lions and plants to analyze using these methods and turn in for credit.
Population Ecology
The document summarizes the upcoming lab activities for the week which includes a species interaction lab on Saturday July 18th and assignments due that day. A population ecology worksheet is due on Monday. The document provides links and instructions for editing a Wikipedia page as part of the lab assignment, as well as links on how to upload images and other editing tips. Background information on human and other population growth models are also presented.
Lab 6 - Angiosperms
This document summarizes the evolution of angiosperms over 400 million years and their anatomy. It discusses key events like the origin of Cooksonia and controversies around the earliest angiosperm fossils. Various angiosperm characteristics are outlined like their enclosed ovules and immotile pollen. The document also compares monocots and dicots, noting distinguishing features like vascular tissue and growth patterns. Students are directed to study these plant structures and tissues for an upcoming lab practical.
Lab 5 Origin Of Plants
The document provides an overview of plant evolution and diversity. It begins with the earliest aquatic algae and charophytes, transitions to the first land plants like Cooksonia, and traces the major lineages including bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms like cycads and conifers, and finally flowering plants. Key adaptations that facilitated the colonization of land are discussed. Various terms related to plant reproduction and life cycles are also defined.
Lab 4 Photosynthesis
1. The document outlines the procedures for a lab experiment on photosynthesis, including measuring the effects of light intensity and wavelength on photosynthetic rate.
2. Students will take readings from cuvettes containing chloroplasts, water and a dye to act as the electron acceptor over time when exposed to different light conditions.
3. The results will be presented in four figures - two graphs of absorbance over time, and two graphs of reaction rate against the experimental parameters tested - with detailed captions explaining each graph.
Lab 5 Origin Of Plants
The document provides an overview of a plant diversity lecture and lab activities, including:
1) A quiz, lecture on plant diversity terms, and cladistics exercise to be completed.
2) A lab practical on plant phyla to study for.
3) Background on the evolution of early land plants and their adaptations to terrestrial environments.
4) A classification of the kingdoms and phyla of plants from green algae to seed plants.
Lab2 Fetal Pig Dissection, Human sexuality
This document provides an overview of the topics and structures to be covered in a fetal pig dissection lab, including the reproductive, circulatory, respiratory, and other body systems of mammals. It outlines safety procedures for the dissection and initial cuts to make on the fetal pig. It also includes links to videos on suturing techniques and descriptions of the developing fetal heart. Additional resources are provided on the anatomy and functions of organs like the liver, pancreas, kidneys, and reproductive systems of humans and other mammals. Concepts like the menstrual cycle, contraception methods, and sexually transmitted diseases are also to be reviewed.
Lab 1 Vertebrate Evolution
This lab covers vertebrate evolution and cladistics. Students will learn about key vertebrate characteristics like having a notochord, pharyngeal slits and a dorsal hollow nerve cord. The major chordate subphyla and classes are discussed, including humans. Students will complete a cladistics worksheet to practice constructing phylogenetic trees based on shared derived characteristics. Next week's lab will involve a fetal pig dissection and a lab practical exam.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
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Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
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Lab 3 Sensory Physiology
- 6. Sheep Eye Dissection http://jbworld.jbs.st-louis.mo.us/science/resources/skeleton/eye/eyedissection.html
- 7. Near vs far sightedness Accommodation exercise
- 10. What colors do animals see? Dogs don't have a fovea. chromatophores
- 12. People vs cats tapetum lucidum
- 13. Some animals can see uv light
- 14. Some animals can see uv light
- 15. Many of the genes involved in color vision are on the X chromosome
- 16. “ Seeing” happens in your BRAIN
- 18. Ear Anatomy of the ear Localization of sounds Bone conduction of sounds
- 19. 150 Firecracker 120 Ambulance siren 110 Chain saw, Rock concert 105 Personal stereo system at maximum level 100 Wood shop, Snowmobile 95 Motorcycle 90 Power mower 85 Heavy city traffic 60 Normal conversation 40 Refrigerator humming 30 Whispered voice How loud is too loud?
- 20. The Human Ear
- 21. Spine and brain = Central Nervous System Peripheral nervous system Motor neurons Sympathetic Parasympathetic
- 22. Spinal Cord Injury Head Injury
- 23. A basic pathway of the neurosystem
- 25. Illustration of the Knee-jerk reaction
- 26. Infant Reflexes
- 29. Finding articles Photosynthesis lab: Effect of wavelength of light and intensity of light on photosynthesis Anacharis
- 32. Get the article online Export your references http:// www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citapa.htm References in proper format