Lab 10 e
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Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and have specific shapes that determine their substrates and products. The experiment determined the optimum temperature of the enzyme cellobiase, which breaks down cellulose, to be 22°C. Samples of cellobiase were tested at 0°, 22°, and 37°C using a spectrophotometer to measure absorbance, finding that the enzyme works best at 22°C and its activity is minimized at higher temperatures due to denaturing.
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The document summarizes a lab report on the effects of pH and concentration on enzyme activity. The introduction provides background on enzymes and their role in catalysis. Four experiments are described that test the effects of enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and substrate concentration on the reaction rate of catalase. The results show that higher concentrations of enzyme and substrate as well as optimal pH levels increase reaction rate, while higher temperatures and enzyme inhibitors decrease activity. Overall, the objectives of determining how environmental factors influence reaction rates were met.
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Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being used up. They are usually proteins that have an active site shaped to match the substrate molecule. The active site facilitates the reaction, converting the substrate to product. Enzyme activity is optimized at a certain temperature and pH level, and outside these ranges the enzyme can denature, changing shape and losing function. Enzymes are used widely in industry and biology due to their ability to accelerate reactions.
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Biological catalysts like enzymes act as catalysts in cells and are secreted by cells. Enzymes are protein catalysts that have an active site which binds specifically to substrate molecules. The active site facilitates the chemical reaction, converting the substrate to product, without being changed itself. Each enzyme only works on specific substrates. The rate of enzyme reactions is affected by temperature and pH levels, with an optimum level for maximum rate of reaction. Changes beyond this can denature the enzyme and disrupt its active site. Enzymes help drive many essential metabolic reactions in living things.
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Enzymes have several key characteristics:
1) They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed.
2) They are required in minute amounts and remain unchanged after reactions.
3) They are highly specific, with each enzyme having a unique three-dimensional structure that only binds complementary substrates.
Their activity is also affected by temperature and pH - they have optimal temperatures and pH levels at which they are most active, and are deactivated outside these ranges. Some enzymes also require co-factors to function or can catalyze reversible reactions.
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Lab 10 e
- 1. Lab # 10 Biofuel Enzyme Dr. Ricardo Chiesa Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts speeding up chemical reactions. Enzymes have specific shapes which determine the substrate they need and convert them into products. Their shape is critical for the recognition of the active site of enzymes. The function of enzymes depends on their active site given by their shape. In this lab, we are focusing on the enzyme cellobiase that breaks down cellulose. Temperature affects the speed of any chemical reaction because the higher temperature the faster the reaction. This is not entirely true since at some point the enzyme will denature. Enzymes have optimum temperatures where they work at their best. With this experiment, we determined the optimum temperature of cellobiase to be at a standard range of 0°, 22°, and 37°C. Using a spectrophotometer, we measured the absorbance of our 3 samples. After finding the absorbance of each sample, we concluded that the higher the temperature the better the enzyme works until a determined point. In this case, the optimum temperature is 22° C. From 22° and higher, the enzymes activity is minimized or not as productive as it is at the optimum temperature. Even when the enzyme is in an environment of 0°C catalysis still occurs.