Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penyusunan Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) sebagai pedoman operasional standar yang digunakan untuk memastikan proses bisnis berjalan secara efektif dan konsisten. Dokumen ini menjelaskan pentingnya penyusunan SOP bagi organisasi dan manfaatnya dalam menjamin standarisasi kebijakan, pelaksanaan kegiatan, administrasi, evaluasi kinerja, dan integrasi. Selain itu, dibahas pula tahapan
Fall 2010fashiontrends-101006035457-phpapp02Debra Pape
The document outlines fall 2010 fashion trends including velvet, leather, military styles, leopard prints and checks. Hair trends include long, voluminous styles as well as sleek ponytails and updos. Makeup will feature false lashes, smoky eyes and red lips. Popular accessories are giant hoop earrings, chunky necklaces, stacked rings and faux fur. Boots, wedges and oxford shoes will be in style. Bags will come in jewel tones, quilted textures and oversized silhouettes.
This document discusses firewalls and network security. It begins by outlining common firewall topics and risks to networks like data theft and denial of service attacks. It then examines why firewalls are needed to secure networks and assets. The document outlines different types of firewalls like packet filters, proxy firewalls, and network address translation. It discusses strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Finally, it covers best practices for firewall deployment, configuration, auditing and trends in firewall technologies.
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the book "Awakening Social Responsibility: A Call to Action" which aims to provide guidance for companies and individuals looking to get involved with corporate social responsibility programs and initiatives. The book is divided into six sections that cover perspectives on CSR, implementing CSR, examples of corporate CSR programs, ways for individuals and companies to take action on social responsibility issues, the role of human resources in CSR, and resources for further information. It includes interviews with CSR experts and business leaders to illustrate best practices and challenges related to developing and integrating CSR programs.
Utilización de las herramientas de búsqueda avanzadaAGROCALIDAD
El documento describe diferentes herramientas de búsqueda avanzada en Google como la búsqueda avanzada, Google Académico y Google Books. Explica cómo realizar búsquedas utilizando palabras clave, intervalos de fecha, tipo de archivo, idioma y región en la búsqueda avanzada de Google. También explica cómo realizar búsquedas en Google Académico por palabras, intervalos de años y de forma avanzada. Por último, detalla cómo buscar libros por título, autor y fecha en Google Books.
Bishop Kieran Conry encourages Christians to reclaim Halloween by displaying lights in their windows to signify the light of Christ, as Halloween has become the second biggest commercial festival after Christmas and Easter. All Hallows Eve has historically been a day when Christians celebrated saints whose lives reflected Jesus, showing that holiness is attainable. The document advocates celebrating Halloween as a Christian holiday rather than buying into secular and satanic themes, and suggests praying before or after trick-or-treating.
[Panel on research_and_development_priorities_for_(book_fi.org)Mad Monk
1) The panel was tasked with assessing research and development priorities for the U.S. Census Bureau's state and local government statistics program to identify issues regarding goals, content, methodology, quality, and dissemination of data.
2) The panel held a workshop with presentations from Census Bureau officials and other experts to gather information on data uses, users, and how well current programs meet needs.
3) This report provides the panel's recommendations to improve the government statistics program based on their review and discussions at the workshop.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penyusunan Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) sebagai pedoman operasional standar yang digunakan untuk memastikan proses bisnis berjalan secara efektif dan konsisten. Dokumen ini menjelaskan pentingnya penyusunan SOP bagi organisasi dan manfaatnya dalam menjamin standarisasi kebijakan, pelaksanaan kegiatan, administrasi, evaluasi kinerja, dan integrasi. Selain itu, dibahas pula tahapan
Fall 2010fashiontrends-101006035457-phpapp02Debra Pape
The document outlines fall 2010 fashion trends including velvet, leather, military styles, leopard prints and checks. Hair trends include long, voluminous styles as well as sleek ponytails and updos. Makeup will feature false lashes, smoky eyes and red lips. Popular accessories are giant hoop earrings, chunky necklaces, stacked rings and faux fur. Boots, wedges and oxford shoes will be in style. Bags will come in jewel tones, quilted textures and oversized silhouettes.
This document discusses firewalls and network security. It begins by outlining common firewall topics and risks to networks like data theft and denial of service attacks. It then examines why firewalls are needed to secure networks and assets. The document outlines different types of firewalls like packet filters, proxy firewalls, and network address translation. It discusses strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Finally, it covers best practices for firewall deployment, configuration, auditing and trends in firewall technologies.
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the book "Awakening Social Responsibility: A Call to Action" which aims to provide guidance for companies and individuals looking to get involved with corporate social responsibility programs and initiatives. The book is divided into six sections that cover perspectives on CSR, implementing CSR, examples of corporate CSR programs, ways for individuals and companies to take action on social responsibility issues, the role of human resources in CSR, and resources for further information. It includes interviews with CSR experts and business leaders to illustrate best practices and challenges related to developing and integrating CSR programs.
Utilización de las herramientas de búsqueda avanzadaAGROCALIDAD
El documento describe diferentes herramientas de búsqueda avanzada en Google como la búsqueda avanzada, Google Académico y Google Books. Explica cómo realizar búsquedas utilizando palabras clave, intervalos de fecha, tipo de archivo, idioma y región en la búsqueda avanzada de Google. También explica cómo realizar búsquedas en Google Académico por palabras, intervalos de años y de forma avanzada. Por último, detalla cómo buscar libros por título, autor y fecha en Google Books.
Bishop Kieran Conry encourages Christians to reclaim Halloween by displaying lights in their windows to signify the light of Christ, as Halloween has become the second biggest commercial festival after Christmas and Easter. All Hallows Eve has historically been a day when Christians celebrated saints whose lives reflected Jesus, showing that holiness is attainable. The document advocates celebrating Halloween as a Christian holiday rather than buying into secular and satanic themes, and suggests praying before or after trick-or-treating.
[Panel on research_and_development_priorities_for_(book_fi.org)Mad Monk
1) The panel was tasked with assessing research and development priorities for the U.S. Census Bureau's state and local government statistics program to identify issues regarding goals, content, methodology, quality, and dissemination of data.
2) The panel held a workshop with presentations from Census Bureau officials and other experts to gather information on data uses, users, and how well current programs meet needs.
3) This report provides the panel's recommendations to improve the government statistics program based on their review and discussions at the workshop.
1. The document outlines the six main stages of the marketing research process: defining the problem, developing an approach, formulating a research design, collecting data, analyzing data, and preparing and presenting the report.
2. It discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data, including surveys, experiments, observation, and qualitative research techniques.
3. It also covers important considerations for marketing research such as questionnaire design, sampling, and ensuring samples are representative of the target population.
- The document discusses securing Windows NT systems by reviewing the NT security architecture, known vulnerabilities, and methods for exploiting them. It provides guidance on hardening NT security through measures like reducing unnecessary services, restricting file and registry permissions, and enforcing stronger passwords. System administrators can assess their security posture using various scanning and auditing tools to detect vulnerabilities, non-compliant configurations, and potential security breaches.
Business Model Innovation by ExperimentationYoav Aviram
How to maximize learning and minimize risk
All new products start as a series of unvalidated assumptions. The most critical assumptions are usually implicit and relate to the purpose of the product and the value it is intended to deliver. The more key assumptions involved, the greater the risk. It is enough to have 7 key assumptions about which you are 90% certain for the combined odds of success to be below 50%.
Contrary to popular belief, when we know very little about a situation, it only takes a small amount of new data to realise significant insights.
Unfortunately, people often underestimate the value of information and misunderstand risk. As Product Owners we are often afraid to test our assumptions. We routinely pile on additional risk without a second thought.
Risk management is the bread and butter of the finance and insurance industries. Isn't it time we evolved?
In this fast paced and practical session we will explore answers to the following questions:
- What is risk and how do we quantify and manage it?
- How do we assess the value of information?
- How can experimentation reduce risk and where does it fit in the product development cycle?
- What makes a good experiment?
- How to run experiments in a cost effective manner?
- What are good metrics?
The document describes a youth organization called Youth Club that was established in 2011 to provide spiritual, physical, adventurous, and educational activities for Pakistani youth. The organization aims to attract elite youth through unique programs and share Islamic solutions to life's problems. It has branches in several major Pakistani cities and over 250 active members, including doctors, engineers and other professionals who volunteer their time.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang peluang, tantangan, dan strategi pengembangan mekanisasi pertanian di Indonesia dan Aceh. Beberapa poin penting yang diangkat adalah perlunya dukungan dari berbagai pihak untuk meningkatkan mekanisasi pertanian, tantangan yang dihadapi seperti agroekologi yang berbeda, serta strategi selektif dan partisipatif untuk pengembangan mekanisasi.
Climate change impact on se aagric-070511 [compatibility mode]-3Ridwan Centuri
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Southeast Asian countries. It finds that climate change is already affecting the region through increased extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and disruption of ecosystems. Agriculture in Southeast Asia will likely be negatively impacted through decreased water availability, declining crop yields for rice and other grains, and threats to food security for over 1.6 billion people in South and East Asia due to reduced calorie and cereal consumption as temperatures rise. Countries most vulnerable to these effects include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Nepal.
This 3 sentence summary provides the essential information about the document:
The document is a tutorial that outlines the steps to prepare and fly an Airbus A320 aircraft with CFM engines in Microsoft Flight Simulator, including starting the aircraft with a cold and dark cockpit, entering and following a flight plan from LDZA to LDPL, managing speeds and modes during takeoff, climb, cruise, descent and approach phases of flight.
The document provides an analysis of external and internal factors for Mobilink, a Pakistani telecommunications company. It includes an evaluation of opportunities and threats in the external environment, as well as strengths and weaknesses within the company. Various matrices are also presented analyzing Mobilink's competitive position, SWOT, strategic position within its industry, and BCG matrix comparing its services. The analysis provides an overall assessment of Mobilink's strategic position within the telecommunications industry.
This document provides an acknowledgement recognizing Allah as the source of all knowledge and wisdom, and thanking the author's parents, family, and course instructor for their support. It expresses gratitude for the insights provided throughout the course. The summary is kept brief as requested.
MeiStreamRF: contatore di grosso calibro per acqua fredda potabileSensus Italia Srl
MeiStreamRF: contatore di grosso calibro per acqua fredda potabile DN 40...300 che integra orologeria con sistema di comunicazione radio e data logger.
MeiStreamRF Plus: contatore di grosso calibro con eRegister per acqua fredda ...Sensus Italia Srl
MeiStreamRF Plus: contatore di grosso calibro per acqua fredda potabile DN 40...150 PN16 che integra orologeria con sistema di comunicazione radio e data logger.
Gli opendata del Trasporto Pubblico Locale di Bari in OpenStreetMap.
Massimo Zotti, Planetek Italia Srl
Presentazione nell'ambito dell'OSMIT, il raduno annuale della comunità italiana OpenStreetMap, che si è svolto il 3-5 ottobre 2014 a Matera.
Contatore per acqua a ultrasuoni Un contatore idrico rivoluzionario, preciso e ultra affidabile senza parti mobili. Con un’idraulica superiore di nuova generazione e batterie che durano fino a 15 anni, Octave è oggi la scelta migliore tra contatori di grosso calibro.
1. The document outlines the six main stages of the marketing research process: defining the problem, developing an approach, formulating a research design, collecting data, analyzing data, and preparing and presenting the report.
2. It discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data, including surveys, experiments, observation, and qualitative research techniques.
3. It also covers important considerations for marketing research such as questionnaire design, sampling, and ensuring samples are representative of the target population.
- The document discusses securing Windows NT systems by reviewing the NT security architecture, known vulnerabilities, and methods for exploiting them. It provides guidance on hardening NT security through measures like reducing unnecessary services, restricting file and registry permissions, and enforcing stronger passwords. System administrators can assess their security posture using various scanning and auditing tools to detect vulnerabilities, non-compliant configurations, and potential security breaches.
Business Model Innovation by ExperimentationYoav Aviram
How to maximize learning and minimize risk
All new products start as a series of unvalidated assumptions. The most critical assumptions are usually implicit and relate to the purpose of the product and the value it is intended to deliver. The more key assumptions involved, the greater the risk. It is enough to have 7 key assumptions about which you are 90% certain for the combined odds of success to be below 50%.
Contrary to popular belief, when we know very little about a situation, it only takes a small amount of new data to realise significant insights.
Unfortunately, people often underestimate the value of information and misunderstand risk. As Product Owners we are often afraid to test our assumptions. We routinely pile on additional risk without a second thought.
Risk management is the bread and butter of the finance and insurance industries. Isn't it time we evolved?
In this fast paced and practical session we will explore answers to the following questions:
- What is risk and how do we quantify and manage it?
- How do we assess the value of information?
- How can experimentation reduce risk and where does it fit in the product development cycle?
- What makes a good experiment?
- How to run experiments in a cost effective manner?
- What are good metrics?
The document describes a youth organization called Youth Club that was established in 2011 to provide spiritual, physical, adventurous, and educational activities for Pakistani youth. The organization aims to attract elite youth through unique programs and share Islamic solutions to life's problems. It has branches in several major Pakistani cities and over 250 active members, including doctors, engineers and other professionals who volunteer their time.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang peluang, tantangan, dan strategi pengembangan mekanisasi pertanian di Indonesia dan Aceh. Beberapa poin penting yang diangkat adalah perlunya dukungan dari berbagai pihak untuk meningkatkan mekanisasi pertanian, tantangan yang dihadapi seperti agroekologi yang berbeda, serta strategi selektif dan partisipatif untuk pengembangan mekanisasi.
Climate change impact on se aagric-070511 [compatibility mode]-3Ridwan Centuri
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Southeast Asian countries. It finds that climate change is already affecting the region through increased extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and disruption of ecosystems. Agriculture in Southeast Asia will likely be negatively impacted through decreased water availability, declining crop yields for rice and other grains, and threats to food security for over 1.6 billion people in South and East Asia due to reduced calorie and cereal consumption as temperatures rise. Countries most vulnerable to these effects include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Nepal.
This 3 sentence summary provides the essential information about the document:
The document is a tutorial that outlines the steps to prepare and fly an Airbus A320 aircraft with CFM engines in Microsoft Flight Simulator, including starting the aircraft with a cold and dark cockpit, entering and following a flight plan from LDZA to LDPL, managing speeds and modes during takeoff, climb, cruise, descent and approach phases of flight.
The document provides an analysis of external and internal factors for Mobilink, a Pakistani telecommunications company. It includes an evaluation of opportunities and threats in the external environment, as well as strengths and weaknesses within the company. Various matrices are also presented analyzing Mobilink's competitive position, SWOT, strategic position within its industry, and BCG matrix comparing its services. The analysis provides an overall assessment of Mobilink's strategic position within the telecommunications industry.
This document provides an acknowledgement recognizing Allah as the source of all knowledge and wisdom, and thanking the author's parents, family, and course instructor for their support. It expresses gratitude for the insights provided throughout the course. The summary is kept brief as requested.
MeiStreamRF: contatore di grosso calibro per acqua fredda potabileSensus Italia Srl
MeiStreamRF: contatore di grosso calibro per acqua fredda potabile DN 40...300 che integra orologeria con sistema di comunicazione radio e data logger.
MeiStreamRF Plus: contatore di grosso calibro con eRegister per acqua fredda ...Sensus Italia Srl
MeiStreamRF Plus: contatore di grosso calibro per acqua fredda potabile DN 40...150 PN16 che integra orologeria con sistema di comunicazione radio e data logger.
Gli opendata del Trasporto Pubblico Locale di Bari in OpenStreetMap.
Massimo Zotti, Planetek Italia Srl
Presentazione nell'ambito dell'OSMIT, il raduno annuale della comunità italiana OpenStreetMap, che si è svolto il 3-5 ottobre 2014 a Matera.
Contatore per acqua a ultrasuoni Un contatore idrico rivoluzionario, preciso e ultra affidabile senza parti mobili. Con un’idraulica superiore di nuova generazione e batterie che durano fino a 15 anni, Octave è oggi la scelta migliore tra contatori di grosso calibro.
Contatore per acqua a ultrasuoni. Un contatore idrico rivoluzionario, preciso e ultra affidabile senza parti mobili.
Con un’idraulica superiore di nuova generazione e batterie che durano fino a 15 anni, Octave è oggi la scelta migliore tra contatori di grosso calibro.
La presentazione di Andrea Gaggianese (Ponti SpA) e Lorenzo Bollani (Tesi SpA...Global Logistics
Il primo giorno della XIX edizione del Global Logistics (21 e 22 novembre 2012) è stato affrontato l’argomento “Le spedizioni sotto controllo: il caso Ponti”. Andrea Gaggianese, Responsabile Logistica e IT di Ponti SpA e Lorenzo Bollani, Business Product Manager di Tesi SpA, hanno condiviso la propria esperienza in ambito “ottimizzazione del controllo delle spedizioni nella filiera GD/DO” nella storica azienda italiana produttrice di aceto e conserve vegetali, ottenuta attraverso il nuovo servizio per il tracking integrato delle consegne, disponibile in modalità cloud sul portale di logistica collaborativa TC1 GDO di Gruppo Tesi. Questo sistema consente di tracciare l’andamento e l’esito di ogni singola spedizione e migliorare il controllo sui livelli di servizio dei propri fornitori di trasporti attraverso dettagliati KPI, grazie ad appositi cruscotti di controllo logistico ed all’interazione in tempo reale con i trasportatori. Il servizio ha migliorato la visibilità e velocizzato la gestione delle anomalie in consegna attraverso processi automatici e collaborativi e grazie ad un sistema di alert via mail che consente oggi di intervenire anche in modalità proattiva.
Similar to La distribuzione urbana delle merci nella ZTL romana (14)
La presentazione di Andrea Gaggianese (Ponti SpA) e Lorenzo Bollani (Tesi SpA...
La distribuzione urbana delle merci nella ZTL romana
1. Un caso di studio dalla ZTL romana
1
Relatore
Chiar.mo Prof. Edoardo Marcucci
Laureanda
Vivianne Diaferia
Anno accademico 2008/2009
5 Marzo 20010
2. Indice
2
Il trasporto urbano delle merci: la ZTL di Roma
Metodologia utilizzata
Descrizione dei dati
Risultati econometrici
Conclusioni
3. Il trasporto urbano delle merci
3
• Il flusso delle merci in entrata e in uscita da una città è espressione della
sua vitalità
• Diversificazione dei prodotti e diminuzione della validità temporale dei cataloghi
• Aumento dei costi della superficie urbana
• Massimizzazione superfici destinate alla vendita
• Minimizzazione spazi di stoccaggio
• Produzione just in time
•Aumento dei flussi
4. Il Trasporto delle merci a Roma
4
• Frequenza delle consegne: 38% una o più volte al giorno, 30% una o più volte la
settimana, 21% una o più volte al mese, 11% alcuni mesi l’anno.
• Orari abituali di consegna: il 60% della distribuzione avviene la mattina tra le 09:00
e le 13:00
La ZTL
• Si estende per buona parte del centro storico, più di quattro kmq di estensione
• Sistema differente dal car pricing ( Londra ): accesso consentito ai soli utenti
autorizzati dietro pagamento di un permesso annuale
• Pagamento indifferenziato: i veicoli merci sono soggetti alle stesse tariffe dei veicoli
passeggeri
6. Obiettivo dello studio
6
• Analisi delle preferenze e della disponibilità a pagare degli operatori del sistema:
trasportatori e negozianti
Strumento utilizzato
• Modello a scelta probabilistica : Uit = Vit + ε it
• Distribuzione normale del termine d’errore = Multinomial Probit
• Distribuzione Gumbel = Multinomial Logit
Funzione di densità di una normale e di una Gumbel Funzione di densità cumulata di una normale e di una Gumbel
7. I test utilizzati
7
Log likelihood ratio test
– 2 ( LL base model – LL estimated model ) > χ2
Test del ρ2
ρ2 = 1 – (LL estimated model /LL base model )
Test del ͞ ρ2
͞ ρ2 = 1 - (LLestimated model – K / LL base model )
Test di Wald
Wald = βi / Standard Error
8. Questionario proposto
8
Alternativa 1 Alternativa 2 Status quo
Finestre orarie
(accesso
consentito)
APERTO dalle
20:00 alle 10:00 e
dalle 14:00 alle
16:00
APERTO dalle
18:00 alle 08:00
dalle 18 e dalle
14:00 alle 16:00
APERTO dalle 20:00 alle 10:00
e dalle 14:00 alle 16:00
Numero di
piazzole
400 1200 400
Probabilità di
trovare la piazzola
libera
30% 10% 10%
Tariffa 400 200 600
Ordinamento
9. 9
Piazzole
Base Piazz_2 Piazz_3
400 800 1200
Probabilità
Base Prob_2 Prob_3
10 20 30
Tariffa
Base Tarif_2 Tarif_3 Tarif_4 Tarif_5
200 400 600 800 1000
I livelli degli attributi
Finestre orarie
Ora1ec Ora2ec Orario attuale
18:00-08:00
14:00-16:00
04:00-20:00
20:00-10:00
14:00-16:00
13. Il modello lineare aggregato
Variable Coefficient Standard Error b/St.Er. P[|Z|>z]
ORA1EC -0.51332591 0.15182983 -3.381 0.0007
ORA2EC 0.37822971 0.14238063 2.656 0.0079
PIAZZ_N 0.31809897 0.06864750 4.634 0.0000
PROB_N 0.44214260 0.06797672 6.504 0.0000
TARIF_N -0.78425757 0.06368484 -12.315 0.0000
Numero di osservazioni: 671 ρ2 = 0,15 ͞ ρ2 = 0,14
Log likelihood function = - 460,4998 LR = 162,9124 χ2 = 7,814728
LL Constant only = -541,9560 13
14. Il modello lineare per i trasportatori
Variable Coefficient Standard Error b/St.Er.| P[|Z|>z]
PIAZZ_N 0,57590564 0,131527 4,379 0,0000
PROB_N 0,57231079 0,14341464 3,991 0,0001
TARIF_N -1,33029243 0,16369293 -8,127 0,0000
14
Numero di osservazioni: 209 ρ2 = 0,29 ͞ ρ2 = 0,28
Log likelihood function = - 115,4298 LR = 48,1897 χ2 = 3,841459
LL Constant only = -163,6195
15. Il modello lineare per i negozianti
Variable Coefficient Standard Error b/St.Er.| P[|Z|>z]
PIAZZ_N 0,23961348 0,10019464 2,391 0,0168
PROB_N 0,61967107 0,11137535 5,564 0,0000
TARIF_N -0,70614735 0,09392578 -7,518 0,0000
15
Numero di osservazioni: 265 ρ2 = 0,14 ͞ ρ2 = 0,12
Log likelihood function = - 186,1374 LR = 59,7272 χ2 = 3,841459
LL Constant only = -216,0010
16. La disponibilità a pagare
Per passare dall’attuale orario di apertura della ZTL (dalle 20:00 alle 10:00 e dalle 14:00 alle 16:00)
all’orario 18:00 – 08:00 e 14:00 – 16:00
-130,91
Per passare dall’attuale orario di apertura della ZTL (dalle 20:00 alle 10:00 e dalle 14:00 alle 16:00)
all’orario 04:00 – 20:00
96,45
Per ogni piazzola aggiuntiva dedicata al carico e scarico merci 0,21
Per un incremento pari a 1% della probabilità di trovare la piazzola libera 11,27
16
Per ogni piazzola aggiuntiva dedicata al carico e scarico merci 0,22
Per un incremento pari a 1% della probabilità di trovare la piazzola libera 8,60
Trasportatori
Per ogni piazzola aggiuntiva dedicata al carico e scarico merci 0,17
Per un incremento pari a 1% della probabilità di trovare la piazzola libera 17,55
Negozianti
Modello aggregato
24. Conclusioni
24
• Necessità di una ZTL aperta la mattina, almeno fino alle 10:00 ( orario attuale )
• Bassa importanza attribuita alle piazzole di sosta dai trasportatori, dovuta alla
necessità che la piazzola sia antistante alla destinazione del carico
Indicazioni di Ricerca
• Studio della distanza massima tollerata fra la piazzola e la destinazione della merce
Indicazioni di policies
• Differenziazione della tariffa: non solo tra veicoli passeggeri e veicoli merci, ma
anche tra diverse tipologie di aziende in base alla capacità commerciale