This presentation focuses on risk assessment and financing options for renewable energy projects. Learn about carbon finance prospects for renewable energy projects.
This presentation highlights on the following :
Need of wind-solar hybrid systems
Indian policy support to hybrid systems - MNRE & Gujarat State
Renewable Energy integration with grid,
Cost savings in hybrid for AC-AC & DC-DC coupling systems,
Case studies
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) – an overview of the basicsBushveld Energy
Presentation by Bushveld Energy on the basics of energy storage, specifically large scale batteries at the 6th Annual Africa Power Roundtable, hosted by Webber Wentzel in Sandton, South Africa on 10 April 2018.
This presentation highlights on the following :
Need of wind-solar hybrid systems
Indian policy support to hybrid systems - MNRE & Gujarat State
Renewable Energy integration with grid,
Cost savings in hybrid for AC-AC & DC-DC coupling systems,
Case studies
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) – an overview of the basicsBushveld Energy
Presentation by Bushveld Energy on the basics of energy storage, specifically large scale batteries at the 6th Annual Africa Power Roundtable, hosted by Webber Wentzel in Sandton, South Africa on 10 April 2018.
Energy Transition - A comprehensive approachSampe Purba
this Paper discuss that a transition energy can be reached by the lining streaming of Supply, Demand, Infrastructure, Commerciality and regulation. However, any transitional energy has to consider the technology, existing power generation and the ability to absorb and competitiveness
Motivation and problem
Introduction to solar powered mini-grid and SHS
Solar Home System (SHS)
3.1 technical aspects
3.2 economic aspects
3.3 social and environmental aspects
Case Study
Conclusion and outlook
www.devi-renewable.com
Executive Summary Solar Energy Without Borders, Inc. is inviting Stakeholders...Syed Hashimi
Executive Summary Solar Energy Without Borders, Inc. is inviting Stakeholders, Joint Venture (JV) partners and Investors to join in this exciting opportunity
Solar Energy is making great inroads in India and it is expected to become one of the leading sources of power in the coming times. This is mainly attributed to the ease of installation and operation of Photo Voltaic technology.
Enerco Energy Solutions LLP has recently launched RESCO (Renewable Energy Service Contract) also known as BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer) or OPEX financial model in India for Solar Energy power projects. Enerco Energy Solutions LLP undertakes the 100% financing and execution of Solar Energy power projects on a turnkey basis +O&M of the project.
The business model also known as RESCO (Renewable Energy Service Company) or OPEX model is about investing in Solar Energy projects at a Client side with the entire investment by the executing Company i.e. Enerco Energy Solutions LLP.
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is signed with the consumer and the Solar tariff is generally at a price lower than grid tariff.
Benefits of this model :
1. The consumer (typically Industrial / Commercial) does not have to invest any amount in the project - the project is 100% funded by the execution company.
2. The consumer starts saving on cost from first day of operations as the Solar tariff is lesser than grid tariff (and certainly much lesser than cost of power from D.G. set).
3. The O&M and upkeep of the project is the responsibility of the execution company.
4. The project is installed at consuming company's site - thereby projecting it's image as an energy and environment conscious company.
5. The project is transferred free of cost or at a nominal cost to the consumer - subject to the agreement terms.
Philippine Energy Plan: Towards a Sustainable and Clean Energy Future - Felix...OECD Environment
1st Clean Energy Finance and Investment Consultation Workshop: “Unlocking finance and investment for clean energy in the Philippines” 31 May – 1 June 2022, Makati Diamond Residences, Legazpi Village, Makati City
This application note presents and illustrates key elements associated with the economic analysis of wind energy projects and is aimed at municipalities, cooperatives, investors, and companies that want to install wind parks on their premises.
Over the past decade, wind energy capacity has increased significantly, mainly driven by national support schemes. This enabled technological improvements and cost reductions per unit of installed power. More recently, with the global financial crisis (and the associated tight financing conditions) behind us, appetite for wind investments has increased. According to WindEurope, wind energy investments in Europe increased by 5% in 2016 with respect to 2015 (totaling €27.5bn of new investments in 2016). Wind energy investments accounted for nearly 90% of the new renewable energy finance in 2016, compared to approximately 70% in 2015.
Wind investments can provide an attractive risk/return profile, as well as other potential benefits such as risk diversification and a hedge against rising fuel prices. Currently, revenues from wind projects are usually based on PPA revenues plus subsidies, which tend to be market-based (e.g. a premium over a market price). However, the characteristics of recent wind energy auctions and Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) being closed worldwide show that in some cases wind is already cost-competitive with traditional energy sources.
The viability of wind projects will depend upon a business model based on a stable scheme that enables long-term predictable revenue streams, regardless of whether it is market driven (PPA) or politically driven (FiT). Financing costs are highly dependent upon the stability of the regulatory framework (the more stable, the lower the financing costs) and the risk profile of the investment (financing cost decreases with increasing accuracy in estimates, better risk management, more industry experience, and more standardization).
In all cases, an economic analysis of the investment opportunity is required before undertaking the project. Several financial indicators are useful for assessing the viability of the project, including IRR, NPV, and payback period, among others. Moreover, it is advised that conservative assumptions be used in the financial model and sensitivity analysis be performed to consider the impact of different scenarios on profitability.
Even though a wind energy investment is exposed to different risks (technical, legal, and financial, among others), there are many ways these risks can be reduced throughout the lifetime of the project. For instance, technology risk can be reduced by installing proven wind turbines, relying on warranties, and performing preventive maintenance.
This report on “Solar PV Sector in India: Challenges & Way ahead”, prepared by Tata Strategic Management Group, has a holistic view on the current state of solar sector in India. The key focus of the report is on identifying key challenges faced by different stakeholders in the Indian market and how a collaborative effort in the right direction could ensure the growth of the sector to realize its true potential
Prepared by the students of corporate finance at the MBA program of IE Business School, this presentation provides an introduction to project finance and analyzes two case studies involving project finance.
Slides from Abu Dhabi Prroject Financing Conference (2002) on "Negotiating the Terms & Conditions of the Project Debt and Achieving Financial Close"
What is a PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) ?
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) often refers to a long-term electricity supply agreement between two parties, usually between a power producer and a customer (an electricity consumer or trader). The PPA defines the conditions of the agreement, such as the amount of electricity to be supplied, negotiated prices, accounting, and penalties for non-compliance.
Since it is a bilateral agreement, a PPA can take many forms and is usually tailored to the specific application. Electricity can be supplied physically or on a balancing sheet. PPAs can be used to reduce market price risks, which is why they are frequently implemented by large electricity consumers to help reduce investment costs associated with planning or operating renewable energy plants.
Energy Transition - A comprehensive approachSampe Purba
this Paper discuss that a transition energy can be reached by the lining streaming of Supply, Demand, Infrastructure, Commerciality and regulation. However, any transitional energy has to consider the technology, existing power generation and the ability to absorb and competitiveness
Motivation and problem
Introduction to solar powered mini-grid and SHS
Solar Home System (SHS)
3.1 technical aspects
3.2 economic aspects
3.3 social and environmental aspects
Case Study
Conclusion and outlook
www.devi-renewable.com
Executive Summary Solar Energy Without Borders, Inc. is inviting Stakeholders...Syed Hashimi
Executive Summary Solar Energy Without Borders, Inc. is inviting Stakeholders, Joint Venture (JV) partners and Investors to join in this exciting opportunity
Solar Energy is making great inroads in India and it is expected to become one of the leading sources of power in the coming times. This is mainly attributed to the ease of installation and operation of Photo Voltaic technology.
Enerco Energy Solutions LLP has recently launched RESCO (Renewable Energy Service Contract) also known as BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer) or OPEX financial model in India for Solar Energy power projects. Enerco Energy Solutions LLP undertakes the 100% financing and execution of Solar Energy power projects on a turnkey basis +O&M of the project.
The business model also known as RESCO (Renewable Energy Service Company) or OPEX model is about investing in Solar Energy projects at a Client side with the entire investment by the executing Company i.e. Enerco Energy Solutions LLP.
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is signed with the consumer and the Solar tariff is generally at a price lower than grid tariff.
Benefits of this model :
1. The consumer (typically Industrial / Commercial) does not have to invest any amount in the project - the project is 100% funded by the execution company.
2. The consumer starts saving on cost from first day of operations as the Solar tariff is lesser than grid tariff (and certainly much lesser than cost of power from D.G. set).
3. The O&M and upkeep of the project is the responsibility of the execution company.
4. The project is installed at consuming company's site - thereby projecting it's image as an energy and environment conscious company.
5. The project is transferred free of cost or at a nominal cost to the consumer - subject to the agreement terms.
Philippine Energy Plan: Towards a Sustainable and Clean Energy Future - Felix...OECD Environment
1st Clean Energy Finance and Investment Consultation Workshop: “Unlocking finance and investment for clean energy in the Philippines” 31 May – 1 June 2022, Makati Diamond Residences, Legazpi Village, Makati City
This application note presents and illustrates key elements associated with the economic analysis of wind energy projects and is aimed at municipalities, cooperatives, investors, and companies that want to install wind parks on their premises.
Over the past decade, wind energy capacity has increased significantly, mainly driven by national support schemes. This enabled technological improvements and cost reductions per unit of installed power. More recently, with the global financial crisis (and the associated tight financing conditions) behind us, appetite for wind investments has increased. According to WindEurope, wind energy investments in Europe increased by 5% in 2016 with respect to 2015 (totaling €27.5bn of new investments in 2016). Wind energy investments accounted for nearly 90% of the new renewable energy finance in 2016, compared to approximately 70% in 2015.
Wind investments can provide an attractive risk/return profile, as well as other potential benefits such as risk diversification and a hedge against rising fuel prices. Currently, revenues from wind projects are usually based on PPA revenues plus subsidies, which tend to be market-based (e.g. a premium over a market price). However, the characteristics of recent wind energy auctions and Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) being closed worldwide show that in some cases wind is already cost-competitive with traditional energy sources.
The viability of wind projects will depend upon a business model based on a stable scheme that enables long-term predictable revenue streams, regardless of whether it is market driven (PPA) or politically driven (FiT). Financing costs are highly dependent upon the stability of the regulatory framework (the more stable, the lower the financing costs) and the risk profile of the investment (financing cost decreases with increasing accuracy in estimates, better risk management, more industry experience, and more standardization).
In all cases, an economic analysis of the investment opportunity is required before undertaking the project. Several financial indicators are useful for assessing the viability of the project, including IRR, NPV, and payback period, among others. Moreover, it is advised that conservative assumptions be used in the financial model and sensitivity analysis be performed to consider the impact of different scenarios on profitability.
Even though a wind energy investment is exposed to different risks (technical, legal, and financial, among others), there are many ways these risks can be reduced throughout the lifetime of the project. For instance, technology risk can be reduced by installing proven wind turbines, relying on warranties, and performing preventive maintenance.
This report on “Solar PV Sector in India: Challenges & Way ahead”, prepared by Tata Strategic Management Group, has a holistic view on the current state of solar sector in India. The key focus of the report is on identifying key challenges faced by different stakeholders in the Indian market and how a collaborative effort in the right direction could ensure the growth of the sector to realize its true potential
Prepared by the students of corporate finance at the MBA program of IE Business School, this presentation provides an introduction to project finance and analyzes two case studies involving project finance.
Slides from Abu Dhabi Prroject Financing Conference (2002) on "Negotiating the Terms & Conditions of the Project Debt and Achieving Financial Close"
What is a PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) ?
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) often refers to a long-term electricity supply agreement between two parties, usually between a power producer and a customer (an electricity consumer or trader). The PPA defines the conditions of the agreement, such as the amount of electricity to be supplied, negotiated prices, accounting, and penalties for non-compliance.
Since it is a bilateral agreement, a PPA can take many forms and is usually tailored to the specific application. Electricity can be supplied physically or on a balancing sheet. PPAs can be used to reduce market price risks, which is why they are frequently implemented by large electricity consumers to help reduce investment costs associated with planning or operating renewable energy plants.
BOARD OF REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS AND QUANTITY SURVEYORS (BORAQS) KENYA.
CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (CPD) SEMINAR ON THE THEME: “PROJECT FINANCING AND INVESTMENT PLANNING”.
BY OUMAR DIOP ENG, MBA, PMP
Roadmap workshop II, Cecilia Tam, Chetna Hareesh Kumar, OECDOECD Environment
2nd OECD-DOE Clean Energy Finance and Investment Consultation Workshop: Unlocking finance and investment for clean energy in the Philippines, 24-25 November 2022, Bohol, Philippines
Smallholder and SME Investment Finance (SIF) FundExternalEvents
https://webapps.ifad.org/members/eb/120/docs/EB-2017-120-R-26.pdf
IFAD plans to introduce the Smallholder and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise
Investment Finance Fund (SIF) to invest in smallholder organizations and rural
SMEs. This will be set up in an operating environment that
will jointly support agricultural value chains and apply de-risking mechanisms.
Faber Capital is an investment banking formed by a group of International Bankers, Capital Markets & Private Equity professionals with decades of experience in Investing, Investment Banking & Capital Markets. The group possesses a wide range of geographic and industry expertise with unparalleled experience in advising clients through complex situations and transactions. It has a deep understanding of international capital markets and the appetite of Institutional Investors across Debt, Mezzanine and Equity layers.
The basics of development financing for real estate development and businesses, from how banks make loan decisions to how SBA and other programs work to help create and retain jobs. Presented at the 2016 Ohio Basic Economic Development Course.
Existing supporting regulatory framework For Energy EfficiencyACX
Get up to date with existing and upcoming regulations effecting energy use in Kenya. Learn more on trends in policy making and how this will affect you as a consumer.
Kenya’s main electricity producer walks us through their efforts in energy efficiency including their 2010 CFL program and other energy management projects.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. Presentation
1. Introduction to Viability Africa
2. Project Components for Success
3. Energy Finance Sources
4. Venture Components for Success
3. Our Vision
Viability Africa, LLC’s overriding objective is to operate as the
leading development and financial advisory firm for clean
technology projects and ventures across East Africa. Viability Africa
will support investments that exhibit economic, technical,
environmental, and social viability and sustainability. The growth of
our team will focus on the recruitment and development of East
Africans seeking to become the future business and political leaders
of their country and region. Our Founders have committed to
reinvesting a significant portion of the company’s earnings to ensure
the company will have long-term sustainability and impact, and to
solidify Viability Africa as a resource available to the market for
years to come as the clean technology sector grows in relevance
and impact across East Africa.
4. Viability Africa, LLC
Carbon Energy Environment
• Asset Development
• Transaction Management
• Asset Monitoring
• Feasibility Studies
• Project Financing
• Financial Advisory
• Project Management
• Environmental and Social
Impact Assessments
• Environment Audits
Founded in 2009, Viability Africa has headquarters in Nairobi,
Kenya with near term expansion plans to establish offices in Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania. Our current portfolio crosses a number of
countries in sub-Saharan Africa and includes a diverse range of
innovative technologies and solutions.
5. Presentation
1. Introduction to Viability Africa
2. Project Components for Success
3. Energy Finance Sources
4. Venture Components for Success
6. Clean Technology Project Finance in
sub-Saharan Africa
• Fundamentals
• Project Company
• High leverage (60-80%)
• Debt service dependent on future cash flows, not necessarily
assets
• Non-recourse Financing
• Main security in project contracts
• Investors
• Equity
• Lender
• Developer
7. Project Finance Characteristics
• Special purpose vehicle (SPV), “ring fenced” project
• Finite life
• Often formed in later stages of development and assets
are transferred (not recommended if can be avoided)
• Appealing as it keeps financing exposure limited to the
project
• Traditional for infrastructure projects such as power
plants, toll roads, etc but also can be applied to
agriculture projects and innovative distribution
programs (financing against fixed service or product
delivery contracts)
8. Project Documents
• Traditional Required Documentation
• Feasibility Study
• EPC Contract
• Off-take (PPA)
• Land Agreements
• Environmental Requirements (EIA, Licenses, Water
Permit, etc)
• Input Supply (Biomass Project)
• Operations and Maintenance Contract
• Government Support Agreement
9. Project Example
• 5 MW Hydro Project Documents
• EIA Approved
• Feasibility Study
• EPC Draft
• ERPA Signed
• PPA Executed
• However…
• Timeline
• “Delays” that should have been anticipated
• Trust your partners (lender, adviser, sponsor)
• Government Negotiations
10. Lessons from Project Finance Transaction
in sub-Saharan Africa
• Bring a lender into conversations on PPA and other
project documents (EPC) before execution
• Ensure land is acquired/rights secured early
• Do not underestimate importance of EIA
• Be prepared to review and revise almost every document
to meet satisfaction of financiers
• Accept that as a developer with limited funding you will
have to give up majority ownership
• Do not get greedy!
11. Project Finance: Recommendations
• As a Developer
– Make a “checklist” and be realistic in what you will
need to develop a project and what you will
ultimately receive when it is fully financed
• Many developers spend all of their money, fall short of
getting the project to a “bankable” state, and ultimately
make nothing
• As a Lender/Investor
– Diligence, diligence, diligence…
• Land, PPA, EPC, Developer Capabilities, Developer
Attitude
12. Presentation
1. Introduction to Viability Africa
2. Project Components for Success
3. Energy Finance Sources
4. Venture Components for Success
13. Energy Finance Sources
1. Focused Equity Funds
2. Commercial Banks
3. Carbon Markets
4. Grants
5. Other
14. Focused Equity Funds
• Impact Equity Investors
– Social Metrics
– Environmental Metrics
– Financial Returns
• Additional Focus
– Renewable Energy
– Clean Technology
– Climate Innovation
• Most investors are cautious to base investments on
returns from carbon markets, so underlying
investment must provide viable returns and
sustainability
15. Focused Equity Funds
• Jacana East Africa Climate Venture Fund
– $10-20 million in size
– Focus on early stage investments in promising
climate friendly projects and ventures
– Average initial investment size $200,000
– Average investment size $1,000,000
– Experienced team in investing locally and in clean
technology space
16. Energy Finance Sources
1. Focused Equity Funds
2. Commercial Banks
3. Carbon Markets
4. Grants
5. Other
17. Commercial Banks – Energy Finance
• New Space/Lack of Capacity at Institutional
Level
• Development Finance Institutions
– Acting as Catalyst
• AfD Facility (CfC Stanbic Bank and Co-Operative Bank
of Kenya)
• Uganda Global Energy Transfer Feed in Tariff (GET FiT)
Program
– Allow Banks to Build Capabilities
18. Commercial Banks – Energy Finance
• Strong Level of Interest
– Nearly ever local commercial bank in the market
has an interest in exploring energy transactions
• Key Variables
– Insurance
– Guarantees
– Equity Sponsors
• Balancing act between market and lender
requirements
19. Energy Finance Sources
1. Focused Equity Funds
2. Commercial Banks
3. Carbon Markets
4. Grants
5. Other
20. Carbon Markets
• Regulatory Markets
– Clean Development Mechanism
• Price Volatility
• Registration Risk
• General Viability
• Voluntary Markets
– Gold Standard
• Premium Pricing
• Sustainable Impact Monitoring and Measurement
– Verified Carbon Standard
• Popular Mechanism
• Lower Price Point
– Others
21. Carbon Markets
• Commonalities
– Challenging and costly registration process
– Intense data monitoring requirements
– Requirements for external parties (Consultants,
Auditors, Brokers, etc)
– Uncertainty
22. Carbon Markets
• Transaction Structure
– Difficult to get creative with today’s pricing, but
traditionally:
• Fixed Forward
• Floor + Floating Percentage
• Pure Floating
• Floor + Floating Percentage with Cap
• Forward Payments (Rare)
– Costs Covered
23. Carbon Markets
• Sub-Saharan Africa Premium
– Few projects
– Sustainable impact
– Least Development Countries (LDCs)
– Innovative Solutions for Rural Populations
• Market Drivers
– Demand Participants
– Supply Constraints/Regulations
24. Energy Finance Sources
1. Focused Equity Funds
2. Commercial Banks
3. Carbon Markets
4. Grants
5. Other
25. Grants
• Number of programs, large and small
– USTDA (United States Trade Development
Agency)
– AECF (Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund)
• Typical Characteristics of Grant Programs
– “Free” money, so many bidders/applicants
– Timely process for review
• Are subsidies sustainable?
– For the right projects
26. Energy Finance Sources
1. Focused Equity Funds
2. Commercial Banks
3. Carbon Markets
4. Grants
5. Other
27. Other Clean Energy Finance Mechanisms
• High Net Worth Individual Donations
• Foundation Support
• Direct Corporate Support
• Intergovernmental Financing
• Micro-finance Climate Programs
• Crowd Funding
• New Mechanisms on the Rise
28. Presentation
1. Introduction to Viability Africa
2. Project Components for Success
3. Energy Finance Sources
4. Venture Components for Success
29. Small and Medium Size Businesses in
sub-Saharan Africa
• Investment Criteria
o Quality of Management Team
o Business Case
o Growth Potential
o Unique Competitive Advantages
o Exit Potential
30. Small and Medium Size Businesses in
sub-Saharan Africa
• Barriers to Access to Finance
o Unclear Vision/Strategy
o Lack of Competitive Advantage
o Incomplete Business Plan and Model
o Unprofessional
o Recommend Consultant
o Proof of Concept
31. Small and Medium Size Businesses in
sub-Saharan Africa
• Funding Options
o High Net Worth Individual/Angel Investor
o Venture Capital
o Private Equity/Growth
o Debt
• Groups
o InReturn Capital
o GroFin
o Invested Development
o Many options emerging in the market…
32. Small and Medium Size Businesses in
sub-Saharan Africa
• Negotiation Tips
o Seek a “Fair” Deal for both Parties
o Accept Help
o Consultants and Investors
o Weigh Options
o Give Yourself Time
o The more in a rush you are, the more you will
either agree to terms that are not in your favor or
scare away the investor
o Be Prepared from the Start