Multiplication and division are introduced. Key terms are defined: - In multiplication, the multiplicand and multiplier produce a product. - In division, the dividend is divided by the divisor to find the quotient. Any amount left over is the remainder. Examples are provided of multiplying 1, 2 and 3 digit numbers by 1 digit numbers. Long division is demonstrated to find quotients and remainders. Practice questions reinforce understanding of these key mathematical concepts and terms.

1. Whole Numbers
Multiplication & Division
What will we learn today?
• use of the terms
‘product’, ‘quotient’ and ‘remainder’

2. Before we begin, let’s recall
some facts about multiplication.

3. Multiplication by 0, 1 and 2
• Multiplying by 0
Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0.
• Multiplying by 1
Any number multiplied by 1 equals that number.
• Multiplying by 2
A number multiplied by 2 produces a result twice
as large as the original number.

4. Multiplying two digit by one digit numbers
1. Place one number 2. Multiply the ones' 3. Multiply the digit in the
above the other so place digits. Place tens' place column (4)
that the ones' place the six below the line by the digit in the
digits are lined up. in the ones' place ones' place of the
Draw a line under the column. second number (2).
bottom number. The result is 4x2 = 8.
Place the answer
below the line and to
the left of the 6.
43 43 43
x 2 x 2 x 2
6 86

5. Multiplying three digit by one digit numbers
413 413 413 413
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
6 26 826
Multiply the Multiply the Multiply the
numbers numbers numbers
3 x2=6 1 x2=2 4 x2=8

6. Here’s an example.

7. Try this out!
223
x 4

8. Try this out!
+1
223
x 4
2
3 x 4 is 12.

9. Try this out!
+1
223
x 4
92
8+1 is 9.

10. Try this out!
+1
223
x 4
892
2x4 is 8.

11. Understanding the terms
‘product’, ‘quotient’ and
‘remainder’

12. Multiplication
In multiplication, a multiplicand and
a multiplier are multiplied to find a product.
In the following equation, 6 is the multiplicand,
3 is the multiplier, and 18 is the product.
6 x 3 = 18
• NOTE: Sometimes the multiplicand and the
multiplier are both called factors.
• Therefore, 6 and 3 are factors of 18.

13. Division
In division, a dividend is divided by a divisor to find
a quotient.
In the following equation, 18 is the dividend, 3 is the
divisor, and 6 is the quotient.
18 ÷ 3 = 6
If there is an amount left over, it is called the remainder.
The remainder cannot be evenly divided by the divisor.
For example, if you divide 18 by 7, you will get a
remainder:
18 ÷ 4 = 2, with a remainder of 2.

14. Understanding quotient
quotient
-3
___
15
-15
0

15. Understanding quotient

16. Understanding quotient and remainder
The quotient is 31.
The remainder is 1.

17. The quotient of 919÷9 is equal to the
product of 2 and ____.
After doing long division, the quotient is 102.

18. The quotient of 919÷9 is equal to the
product of 2 and ____.
To find out the answer,
we need to know
____ x 2 = 102

19. The quotient of 919÷9 is equal to the
product of 2 and ____.
To find out the answer,
we need to know
____ x 2 = 102

20. The quotient of 919÷9 is equal to the
product of 2 and ____.
The answer is 51.

21. Find the quotient and remainder
when 578 is divided by 3.
Do long division to find out the answer.

22. Find the quotient and remainder
when 578 is divided by 3.
quotient remainder

23. Here’s another example.

24. What is the quotient when 618 is divided by 6?

25. What is the quotient when 618 is divided by 6?
quotient

26. Are you ready to
try out the
questions?