The document discusses key concepts for media representation: Narrative focuses on storytelling structure, including simple beginning-middle-end narratives and Todorov's 5 stages of narrative. Genre describes common film categories like drama, comedy, and sci-fi, which further divide into subgenres. Each genre positions the audience in a certain role. Audience refers to the specific demographic group targeted by a genre. Cultural theories examine how audiences interpret and are positioned by media texts differently than sender-intended meanings.

1. Representation theory
Kosar Sharif
• Narrative
•Genre
•Audience
•Representation

2. Representation
 Media representations are the ways in
which the media portrays particular groups,
communities, experiences, ideas, or topics
from a particular ideological or value
perspective.

3. Narrative
 Narrative is the story telling part of the film, we will need to understand the
narrative before producing the film because it creates a better understanding
and sets the scene of the short film.
 There are many narrative structures, such as a simple narrative, this consists
of a simple beginning, middle and ending, this means that the viewer will be
able to easily understand the film.
 Todorov theory stated that there are five stages of narrative:
 1)Equilbiruim – this is where everything is normal and stable
 2) Disruption – this is where something changes and affects the story
 3) Disequilibrium – this is where the characters identify the problem
 4) Restored order – this is when the characters work to restore normality and
fix the problem
 5) Equilibrium – this is when the balance is restored and all problems are
resolved successfully.

4. Genre
 There are many genre’s for films such as, drama, comedy,
romantic, detective, sci- fi, cartoon/ animation, horror, thriller,
action and adventure.
 The word genre means type or class, media genres appear
within a medium such as thriller, horror and comedy. These
also submerge into many sub-genres like psychological thriller.
 Daniel Chandler states that every genre positions those who
participate in a text of that kind: as interviewer or interviewee
as listener or story teller, as a reader or writer, as a person
interested in political matters, someone to be instructed or as
someone who instructs.

5. Audience
 An audience is a specific group who watches the
specific genre, this can be adults, teens, aged 18 plus
if it’s a scary movie.
 Stuart Hall is cultural theorist, he speaks about
audience throughout his theory, he looked at the role
of audience positioning in the interpretation of mass
media. He studied how audience percieved the
message of the media texts. For example, the
meaning is not always determined by the sender
however, how the audience accept the information is
different.