1) The document describes the iron sand mining conflict that occurred in Kulonprogo, Indonesia between peasant farmers and a mining corporation from 2006-2013. Key events included protests, negotiations, hostage situations, and violence. 2) There were two main groups - pro-mining actors including the government and corporation, and anti-mining actors like a peasant's association supported by rights groups. Each side had different justifications regarding the mining's economic and social impacts. 3) The government attempted to resolve the conflict through meetings but failed due to a lack of stakeholder involvement. Interest-based solutions moving forward could include new agreements and legal bindings reached through structured conversations between all parties.

1. Datu Jatmiko
Gigih Wahyu P
Hamdan Hamdani
Luly Triningsih
Nanda Harda P.M
Rima N. Banurea
1

2. Peace and Conflict (Nanda)
How to stops conflicts
Traditional approach, there
are some methods;
1. Surrendering
2. Running away
3. Overpowering the opponents
with violence
4. Compromise
But all of them only produce
zero sum situations
Conflict’s resolution
methods
1.
2.
3.
4.
Negotiation
Mediation
Arbitration
Stakeholder Dialogue
2

3. Interest/Rights/ Power Model
(Nanda)
We can see conflict from 3 perspectives (interest,
rights, and power) (Furlong, 2005:110).
Interest-based tries to find solutions of conflict from
the interests between the parties.
Right-based tries to find solutions of conflict using
the superiority of one party to another party.
Power-based tries to find solutions of conflict using
all power that the parties have to achieve “win”.
(semakin memunculkan konflik)
3

4. Violence and Non-Violence
(Nanda)
Types of violence
1. Direct violence
2. Structural violence
3. Cultural violence
But there are another options with using non violence
strategies;
1. Protest and persuasion
2. Social, economic, and political non cooperation
4

5. Indonesia’s Map, Yogyakarta’s Map And
Kulonprogo’s Map
(Datu)
5

6. Description Of Area(Datu)
Indonesia
• located in Southeast Asia
• Indonesia is one of the world's largest pluralistic democracy country
• As pluralistic country, Indonesia has large potential to emerge horizontal and vertical
conflicts or both
Yogyakarta
• Is a special region of Yogyakarta provincial level in Indonesia
• Yogyakarta is headed by a governor as a king
• The cultural city of Yogyakarta has 1 city and 4 districts of namely Yogyakarta city,
Sleman, Bantul, Gunungkidul and Kulon Progo
• Yogyakarta has the biggest potential around the south coast contains many mining
products and agricultural land
Kulonprogo
• Kulonprogo as one of the poorest area gets smallest budget allocations from Yogyakarta
goverment .
• Most of residents in Kulonprogo is peasants.
• Kulonprogo has a land with the best quality of potential iron sand in the world. Therefore
Kulonprogo regions is compatible as iron sand mining area
• But, If the mining project in Kulonprogro realize many peasants will lose their job
6

7. The Chronology Of
Conflict (Hamdan)
Date
Description
Level of
conflit
1973
The rumor about sand mining has appeared by King of
Yogyakarta
April, 2006
The establishment of peasant’s association
August 2007
Demonstration in KulonProgo goverment office
February, 2008
Audience between peasant's association in parliament
March, 2008
Blocking roads
June, 2008
National Commision of Human Rights doing an
investigation
October, 2008
Number thugs attacks opponent iron sand mining area.
(overpowering your opponent with violence)
Nov, 2008
Contract of iron sand mining in Kulonprogo is officially
signatured
June, 2009
- Corporation initiated neg0tiation
-Six local residents is introgated by police
No tension
Low Tension
Non-violence
Non-violence
High Tension
Violence
Non-violence
Critical Tension
7

8. Luly Date
Description
Oct , 2009
Failed negotiaton with in public consultation event
March, 2010
The region regulation about Spatial Planning Province is
legalized
April, 2010
peasant's association sending statement letter to president
17 Dec, 2010
peasant's association taking 7 cars Corporation as hostage
(tindakan putus asa karena segala cara sudah dilakukan)
27 Dec, 2010
peasant's association is reporting regent’s Kulon progo to
police
Feb, 2011
National Commision of Human Rights try to be a mediator
April, 2011
-peasant's association taking 7 labours as hostage
- leader of peasant's association arested
July, 2012
Demonstration in local parliamenf office
March 2013
peasant's association delegation is invited to academic forum
international in Phillipina
May, 2013
peasant's association publish abook (menarik simpati
masyarakat)
Sept, 2013
The corporation re-trying to negotiate with local residents .
October,
2013
Level of
conflict
Violence
Leader of peasant's association is relase
Violence
Violence
Non-violence
Non-violence
8

9. Luly
(1)Absolutely
nice be farmer
(2)“Until The
End we still
here”
(5)Demonstration
symbol
(4)published a book
“Planting is Fight”
(3) To Farmer or To
die
(6) Phisically
coercion between
peasant's
association and
police
9

10. The Actors of Kulonprogo’s Iron Sand Mining Conflict
(Rima)
There are two kinds of actors of this conflict based on their
position. First actors who agree or pro with iron sand mining and
second actors who disagree or opposite with iron sand mining.
Pro Actors:
• The central and local
government
• The corporation
•Residents agree with Iron
Sand Mining
VS
Opposite Actors:
• Peasant’s Association
•Peasant’s association is
supported by Legal Aid
Institute, National
Commission of Human
Rights, and Environment
Organization

11. Position of
actor in
conflict
Actors’ justifications of their position in conflict
Pro Actors
• Central Government and Local Government: Iron Sand Mining
spesifically will increasing Kulonprogo residents’ welfare and generally
will increasing Indonesia’s economy
• The Corporation: The mining will make good impact for Kulonprogo
residents’economy (iron sand mining jauh lebih meningkatkan
perekonomian negara karena negara kurang memperhatikan petani)
•Resident who agree with Iron Sand Mining: The chance and the
opportunity of better job, decreasing unemployment, Kulonprogo will be
welfare
Opposite Actors
• Peasant’s Association : Peasant is the only one job, conquering their
own land, the mining will causes worst impact for environment
• The parties which supporting peasant’s association :
Environment organization: The sand mining will reducing the residents’
independent
Human Rights National Commission: The sand mining against the
human rights, particularly the right for land, for job, for safety, peasant’s
natural right, and the mining has high potential to emerging horizontal
conflict
Legal Aid Institute: Kulonprogo’s residents is not involving in mining
negotiation, and there will be much disadvantages effect from mining
activity like the damage of ecosystem and eliminating safe feeling of
Kulonprogo’s residents
11

12. The Resolution has done by the government
(Gigih)
Direct government policy
 The government,
residents, and corporation
have been met, but always
failed.
 The government prefers to
take decision without
involving residents
aspiration in the resolution
process
12

13. What should be done?
Use Interest-based tries to find solutions of conflict (Gigih)
 1) Agreement
2) Legal Binding
Residents
1) The government tries to
initiate a meeting between
the residents and the
corporation, to reach
agreements and legal
binding.
2) Structured conversation
involving all stakeholders
from each party in
Kulonprogo conflict
13

14. Final Remark (Gigih)
It’s necessary and important to make policy which
regulate the rights of local residents in short and long
term, with considering all dimensions of the conflict.
Not using threats, violence, authoritarian, as a ways of
handling problems, to resolve issues of conflict, and
prioritized dialogue.
14

15. References
 Book:
Furlong, Gary T. 2005. The Conflict Resolution Toolbox. Canada: John Wiley &
Sons Canada Ltd.
 Website:
kulonprogokab.go.id
jogjaprov.go.id
Tempointeraktif.com
Nasional.kompas.com
Independent.academia.edu/abwidyanta
Suaramerdeka.com
 Picture:
Petacitra.blospot.com
15

16. 16