1) Kolcaba developed Comfort Theory and is a nursing professor. 2) Comfort Theory focuses on intentionally assessing and addressing patient's comfort needs through nursing interventions. 3) Kolcaba defines health as optimal functioning according to the patient, environment as anything that can enhance comfort, and patients broadly as individuals or groups.

1. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Presented by: Dave Jay S. Manriquez RN.

2. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Personal Background Born as Katharine Arnold on December 8th 1944, in Cleveland, Ohio Married with two children and eight grandchildren Founder of a local parish nurse program Member of the American Nurse's Association Currently an associate professor of nursing at the University of Akron College of Nursing Published Comfort Theory and Practice: a Vision for Holistic Health Care and Research

3. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Education Diploma in nursing from St. Luke's Hospital School of Nursing in 1965 Graduated from the first RN to MSN class at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University in 1987 Graduated with PhD in nursing and received certificate of authority clinical nursing specialist in 1997 Specialized in Gerontology, End of Life and Long Term Care Interventions, Comfort Studies, Instrument Development, Nursing Theory, Nursing Research

4. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Awards & Recognition 1991-92: Pre-Doctoral Fellowship in Interdisciplinary Health, CWRU Internal Grant 1997: Marie Haug Student Award for excellence in aging studies 1997: Honour a Researcher Award 2003: Mary Hanna Memorial Journalism Award in recognition for the article Care of the Perianesthesia Nursing 2003: Advancement of Science Award from Midwest Nursing Research Society, End of Life and Palliative Care Nursing

5. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory

6. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory

7. Kolcaba’s Metaparadigms Nursing Intentional assessment of comfort needs, the design of comfort measures to address those needs, and the reassessment of comfort levels after implementation. Assessment may be either objective, such as in the observation of wound healing, or subjective, such as by asking if the patient is comfortable.

8. Kolcaba’s Metaparadigms Health According to Kolcaba, health is considered to be optimal functioning, as defined by the patient, group, family or community

9. Kolcaba’s Metaparadigms Patient According to Kolcaba, patients can be considered as individuals, families, institutions, or communities in need of health care.

10. Kolcaba’s Metaparadigms Environment Any aspect of the patient, family, or institutional surroundings that can be manipulated by a nurse(s), or loved one(s) to enhance comfort

11. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Case Study An 85 year old Caucasian female suffering from Alzheimer’s disease has recently become increasingly agitated, voicing paranoid declarations, weeping and screaming and trying to leave the nursing home premises. Staff is concerned because family members rarely come to visit.

12. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Case Study Need for reassurance from staff regarding the family’s location Regular phone use to call family members. Absence of family Sociocultural Need for calm, familiar environmental elements and distraction Trying to leave premises Small unit; many dementia patients which increases noise Environmental Need for emotional and spiritual support Weeping and Screaming Depression Psychospiritual “ Why am I having this pain?” (point to abdomen) Restlessness and moaning Constipation Physical Transcendence Ease Relief

13. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Case Study Spending time Visual communication Listening Step by step guidance Social worker Consultations with doctor/family Touch therapy Reduced environmental stimuli Comfort food for the soul Encourage ADLs Emotional support Reassurance Coaching Assessment Vitals Medications Standard Comfort Interventions Example Comfort Intervention

14. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory References Kolcaba, K. (2007, May 3). An introduction to comfort theory. In The comfort line . Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http:// www.thecomfortline.com / Kolcaba, K. (2007, May 3). The comfort line. Retrieved November 9, 2007, from http://www.thecomfortline.com/ Tomey, A.M., & Alligood, M. R. (2006). Nursing theorists and their work (6 th edition). St.Louis, Missouri: Mosby.