1. Echinoderms

2. Echinoderms Phylum Echinodermata Endoskeleton Tube feet. Radial symmetry

3. Form and Function Water vascular system Madreporite

4. Feeding Sea urchins Sea lilies Sea cucumbers Sea stars

5. Respiration and Circulation Water vascular system Diffusion across the tissue of tube feet Skin gills

6. Excretion Anus Tube feet

7. Response and Movement Nerve ring and Radial Nerves Sensory Cells Movement is through the tube feet Sand dollars and sea urchins Sea and brittle stars Sea cucumbers

8. Reproduction External fertilization Separate sexes Bilateral symmetry

9. Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars Class Echinoidea Have a large, solid plate that forms a box around their internal organs Detritivores or grazers that eat algae Some have large sharp spines

10. Brittle Stars Class Ophiuroidea Slender, flexible arms and can scuttle around quite rapidly Can shed one or more arms when attacked. The arms will keep moving to distract the predator Filter feeders and detritivores that hide by day

11. Sea Cucumbers Class Holothuroidea Detritus feeders Evisceration

12. Sea Stars Class Asteroidea Carnivorous As long as it contains a portion of the central part of the body, pieces of sea stars can repair itself into a new animal

13. Sea Lilies and Feather Stars Class Crinoidea Filter feeders Sessile

14. Ecology Sea urchins Sea stars Crown-of-thorns

15. Invertebrate Evolution

16. Molecular Paleontology Microscopic fossils have been preserved that show the embryos of early multicellular animals Molecular paleontology

17. The First Multicellular Animals Ediacaran fossils They were flat and plate-shaped Soft tissues Segmented bodies and bilateral symmetry

18. Vertebrate Diversity Cambrian Period (554 mya) This is when the ancestors of most modern animal phyla first appear in the fossil record

19. Phylogeny Chordates Arthropods Echinoderms Mollusks Radial symmetry Annelids Roundworms Flatworms Cnidarians Pseudo-coelom Deuterostome Development Radial symmetry Sponges Coelom Protostome development Tissues Three Germ layers; bilateral symmetry Multi-cellularity Single-cell ancestor

20. Invertebrate Comparison

21. Invertebrate Comparison, pt 2

22. Feeding and Digestion The simplest animals break down food primarily through intracellular digestion, but more complex animals use extracellular

23. Aquatic Respiration

24. Terrestrial Respiration

25. Circulation

26. Excretion

27. Response

28. Skeletons

29. Reproduction