microbiological aspect of kidney

1. MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF
kidney
DR.SAUMYA SINGH
P.G 3rd YR
MICROBIOLOGY Department
dr.d.y.patil medical college
kolhapur

2. Mechanisms of renal injury
(Depending on the species and strain/ on the host’s resistance and genetic background)
Direct invasion of the renal parenchyma
Induce an immune reaction
Injure the capillary endothelium
Provoke a nonspecific humoral hematologic response.

3. Bacterial Cause Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Shigellosis
Leptospirosis
Cholera
Scrub typhus
.
Tuberculosis
Pylonephritis
Salmonellosis
Melioidosis
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Leprosy
Parasitic Cause Schistosomiasis
Trichinosis
Onchocercosis
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria
Filaria
Echinococcosis
Leishmaniasis
Fungal cause
Disseminated Candidiasis
Mucormycosis
Ochratoxicity
Virus Cause
Dengue haemorrhagic fever
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
.

4. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
INVOLVING OR AFFECTING THE
KIDNEY
GRAM-POSITIVE
AND
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

5. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Pylonephritis
Salmonellosis
Shigellosis
Leptospirosis
Melioidosis
Cholera
Tetanus
Scrub typhus
Diphtheria
Tuberculosis
Leprosy

6. Postinfectious / Poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram negative cocci
Complication -streptococcal pharyngitis / impetigo
Immune complexes- lodged in the glomerular basement membrane
Complement activation leading to basement membrane destruction
Disorder of the glomeruli or small blood vessels in the kidneys.

7. Pyelonephritis
Escherichia coli
Gram negative bacilli
.
Pyelonephritis -type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects one or
both kidneys.
Route- from the bladder/ through the bloodstream from other parts of the
body.
kidney damage.

8. Salmonellosis
Salmonella typhi
Gram-negative ,motile bacilli
Renal involvement - Oliguria and azotemia
Shigellosis
Shigella dysenteriae type 1
Gram-negative non motile bacilli
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)kidney failure with anemia and clotting
problems

9. Cholera
Vibrio cholera
Gram negative ,motile,curved bacilli.
Renal failure- loss of filtering ability
Tetanus
Clostridium tetani
Anaerobic ,gram positive,non motile bacilli
Renal involvement (severe cases of tetanus)
Dehydration,Urinary stasis ,infection and
Renal failure

10. Diptheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Gram-positive, non motile bacilli
Acute renal failure
Scrub typhus
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Gram-negative intracellular bacilli
Acute renal failure
.

11. Melioidosis
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Gram‐negative intracellular bacilli
Acute tubular necrosis, interstitial
nephritis and microabscess formation
Leptospirosis
Leptospira interrogans
spiral-shaped bacteria
Tubulo-interstitial nephritis and tubular
dysfunction.

12. Renal Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Acid fast bacilli
Chronic renal failure
Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
Acid fast bacilli
Renal amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis
and interstitial nephritis
Chronic renal failure

13. Parasitic infections
Schistosomiasis
Malaria
Trichinosis
Filaria
Onchocercosis
Echinococcosis
Toxoplasmosis
.
Leishmaniasis

14. Malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
Mixed infection with P. vivax
Mode of infection-mosquito bite
Definitive host-female anopheline mosquito
Intermediate host-Man
Acute renal failure

15. Filaria
Wuchereria bancrofti
Mode of Infection-mosquito bite
Definitive host-man
Intermediate host-Mosquito(culex,Aedes,Anopheles)
Infective form-larvae
Recurrent infections associated with
damaged lymphatic abnormalities of the
renal functions.

16. Leishmaniasis
Promastigote
Leishmania donovani
Mode of transmisson-bite of sandfly
(Phlebotomus)
Definitive host-Man
Intermediate host-sandfly
Infective form-Promastigote
Cloudy swelling of kidney-albuminuria
Amastigote form

17. Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)
Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium,S.japonicum.
Source of infection - contaminated freshwater
Infective form – cercariae
Definitive host -humans
Intermediate host-Snail
Renal granulomas

18. Echinococcosis (hydatid cyst)
Echinococcus granulosus
Mode of infection - contaminated food
and drink
Infective agent - embryonated eggs.
Definitive host - dog
Intermediate host – man
Glomerulonephritis

19. Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
Mode of infection-Uptake of cyst by
inhalation, followed by ingestion .
Infective form-cyst
Primary host – cat
Intermediate host - human
Disseminated infection of Kidney occurs

20. Trichinosis
Trichinella spiralis
Mode of transmission - raw or undercooked
pork bearing larvae
Proliferative glomerulopathy

21. Onchocercosis
Onchocerca volvulus
Mode of infection-bite of black flies
Definitive host-Man
Intermediate host-female black flies(simulium)
Infective form-larvae
Progressive glomerulonephritis.

22. Fungal diseases
Disseminated Candidiasis
Mucormycosis
Ochratoxicity

23. Disseminated Candidiasis
Candida species
Predisposing factor - immunocompromised persons,leukemic patients
undergoing high-dose chemotherapy.
Perinephric abscess
Renal failure

24. Mucormycosis
Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia, and Cunninghamella
Occurs in underdeveloped tropical regions
Immunocompromised patients
Renal infarction and thrombosis of
renal vessels.

25. Ochratoxicity
Group of mycotoxins produced by some Aspergillus sp. and
some Penicillium sp.
Occur in commodities such as cereals, coffee, dried fruit and red wine
Toxic-Nephropathy
Carcinogenic

26. Viral infections
Dengue haemorrhagic fever
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C

27. Dengue haemorrhagic fever
Dengue virus (DEN-1–DEN-4)
RNA flavivirus.
.
Dengue vector - female of the Aedes aegypti
Glomerulonephritis
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

28. Hepatitis A
RNA Virus
Source of infection - Faeces
Route of transmission - Fecal-oral
kidney inflammation.

29. Hepatitis B
DNA Virus
Source of infection- Blood/blood derived body
fluid
Route of transmission- :
Parenterally
low vertical
sexual transmission
Renal necrosis occurs due to the body’s reaction
to the virus rather than due to the virus itself.

30. Hepatitis C
RNA virus
Source of infection-Blood/blood derived
body fluid
Route of transmission
Parenterally
low vertical
sexual transmission
Renal carcinoma

32. Bacterial .