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The document provides a comprehensive guide on using improvement kata and coaching kata as structured routines for developing scientific thinking in management. It emphasizes the importance of practicing these routines to internalize skills and adapt them to fit unique organizational contexts. Additionally, it outlines a four-step model for achieving goals through iterative learning and problem-solving.

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About These Kata Slides & Graphics v4.1, March 2016 This collection of Improvement Kata / Coaching Kata slides is for use by anyone. You can incorporate any of these PowerPoint format slides into your own training and presentations, and adjust them however you like. Also included are links to five short videos that help make key points in IK/CK presentations and training. You'll find many more videos on the IK/CK YouTube channel at www.youtube.com/user/734mike. Please post your Kata presentations on SlideShare (www.slideshare.net) and on YouTube, so we can learn from you. Include some keywords like those listed below so other Kata practitioners can find and learn from your efforts! Suggested keywords: IK, CK, Kata, Improvement Kata, Coaching Kata, Toyota Kata, Scientific Thinking 3
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5 Kata are structured routines that you practice deliberately, especially at the beginning, so their pattern becomes a habit and leaves you with new abilities. Kata are a way of learning fundamental skills that you can build on. The word comes from the martial arts, where Kata are used to train combatants in fundamental moves. But the idea of a Kata can be applied in a much broader sense. The Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata are for training managers and leaders in a new way of doing their jobs. At first you should try to practice each Kata exactly as described, until its pattern becomes somewhat automatic and habitual for you. That can take several months of practice. When you reach that point and have learned through practice to understand the "why" behind that Kata's routine, then you can start to deviate from it by evolving your own version or style of the pattern... as long as its core principles remain intact. Practice Kata to Find Your Way. No one can show you precisely how your management system should look and function. That would be impossible since each organization has unique characteristics and exists in unique conditions. Developing an organization's managerial system is not about copying the tools and techniques that another organization has come up with, which would be jumping to solutions. You can and should start with some already-existing basics, like in sports and music, but then it's an iterative process of trial and adjustment. The routines of the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata help you develop and build your own 21st Century management approach via a well-proven set of "Starter Kata" to practice daily. They come from the Toyota Kata research and have been used for practice at thousands of organizations around the world. Begin with the Starter Kata and then, as you gain skill and understanding, add to or adjust them to fit your situation as needed. Then you’ll be developing your own way. Best wishes for your practicing! Mike Rother A NOTE ABOUT "KATA"
Here are the slides  Remember... it’s about you and your story! Use these slides as some building blocks. 6
Visible Less Visible Lean tools and techniques to improve quality, cost and delivery • A systematic, scientific way of thinking and acting • Managers as the teachers of that way PRACTICING FOUNDATIONAL SKILLS FOR SCIENTIFIC THINKING By Mike Rother 7 What we're focusing on
8 THE IK & CK GIVE YOU AN EASY WAY TO PRACTICE SCIENTIFIC THINKING Scientific thinking is a basis for: • Successfully pursuing seemingly unattainable goals in complex systems • Enabling teams to make decisions close to the action and maneuver effectively The Improvement Kata & Coaching Kata make scientific thinking a skill anyone can learn, by combining a 4-Step scientific pattern + simple, structured routines for practicing the pattern. Science + Kata = Problem Solving Skill By Mike Rother
9 WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC THINKING? Scientific thinking is the intentional coordination of theory and evidence, whereby we encounter new information, interpret it and, if warranted, revise our understanding accordingly. This pattern is in contrast to relying on already-held beliefs to explain causality. Scientific thinking gives us the ability to look beyond our preconceptions and see the world and ourselves in a truer light. Whatʼs important about scientific thinking is not just whether we decide to revise beliefs based on new information, but that practicing it helps us reshape how we think... moving away from relying on subconscious biases and an artificial sense of certainty. Happily, humans are equipped to think about thinking, which is called “metacognition,” and are able to change how they think through personal experience (practice)! By Mike Rother
SCIENTIFIC THINKING Scientific thinking is a routine of intentional coordination between what we think will happen (theory), what actually happens (evidence), and adjusting based on what we learn from the difference. What we expect to happen What actually happened Learning "Let'stryitandsee" 10By Mike Rother
This is how you do it j k COACHING FREQUENT PRACTICE MASTERY STARTER KATA l m Corrective feedback to ensure the Learner practices the right patterns Growing self efficacy "I'm getting better at this" Structured routines for beginners to practice fundamentals A little every day 4 INGREDIENTS FOR ACQUIRING NEW SKILLS Brain research is clear: To develop new habits you should practice new routines and experience a progressive sense of mastering them (which helps generate and maintain enthusiasm). The following ingredients help us rewire our brain (new neural circuits) to acquire new skills & mindset. By Mike Rother 11
WHAT ARE KATA? They're practice routines. Kata are structured routines to practice deliberately, especially at the beginning, so their pattern becomes a habit and leaves you with new abilities. Kata are for learning fundamentals that you can build on. Kata are a way of transferring skills and developing shared abilities and mindset in a team or organization. By Mike Rother 12 “Let’s begin by practicing it this way for a while” Science + Kata = Problem Solving Skill Combining a scientific pattern with structured practice routines (Kata) develops effective problem solvers
Example of a Kata “Let’s begin by practicing it this way for a while.” By Mike Rother 13
The Routines of the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata are Practiced to Develop Scientific Mindset WHAT KATA ARE FOR Beginners should follow Kata exactly; not deviating from them, so the Learner can internalize the patterns. But with increasing proficiency each Learner can start to (within limits) develop their own style. Likewise, over time each organization can evolve the Kata it began with to better suit and mesh with its culture. The original Kata evolve into organization-specific practice routines. By Mike Rother 14 Kata Practice To develop foundational skill and mindset
(1) FOLLOW: Start by repeating each practice routine without modification, so you can absorb its fundamental pattern. (2) DETACH: Once the basic patterns get habitual and you understand the 'why' behind them, you'll start to adapt them. HOW LONG DO YOU PRACTICE RELIGIOUSLY? 15 (3) FLUENCY: At this stage your actions become natural. You can create your own approaches to fit different circumstances, while sticking to basic underlying principles. Real practice doesn't pass through these discrete stages, but they are a useful way to depict your progression By Mike Rother
They help you get started KATA ARE LIKE ROCKET ENGINES Beginners should follow Kata exactly; not deviating from them, so the Learner can internalize the patterns. But with increasing proficiency each Learner can start to (within limits) develop their own style. Likewise, over time each organization can evolve the Kata it began with to better suit and mesh with its culture. The original Kata evolve into organization-specific practice routines. KATA By Mike Rother 16
17 THE IMPROVEMENT KATA MODEL Kata1 (方) – Suffix Meaning "Way of Doing" We found a common, scientific pattern of thinking and behavior in Toyota managers' approach -- their 'Way of Improving' -- and depicted it with a four-step model we named the “Improvement Kata.” Conduct Experiments to get thereGrasp the Current Condition Establish your Next Target Condition Get the Direction or Challenge 1 2 3 4 The Improvement Kata model comes from research into how Toyota manages people, which is summarized in the book “Toyota Kata” By Mike Rother
18 THE IMPROVEMENT KATA MODEL Kata1 (方) – Suffix Meaning "Way of Doing" We found a common, scientific pattern of thinking and behavior in Toyota managers' approach -- their 'Way of Improving' -- and depicted it with a four-step model we named the “Improvement Kata.” Conduct Experiments to get thereGrasp the Current Condition Establish your Next Target Condition Get the Direction or Challenge 1 2 3 4 The Improvement Kata model comes from research into how Toyota manages people, which is summarized in the book “Toyota Kata” By Mike Rother
19 Important point: Toyota's success has come from striving scientifically for all sorts of challenging goals, not just from "eliminating waste" for greater efficiency. A WAY OF IMPROVING Conduct Experiments to get thereGrasp the Current Condition Establish your Next Target Condition Get the Direction or Challenge 1 2 3 4 The IK pattern is similar to other models of the human creative, scientific process: Systems thinking, learning organization, design thinking, creative thinking, solution focused practice, preferred futuring, skills of inquiry, evidence-based learning. By Mike Rother
THERE'S ALSO A COACHING KATA A way of coaching. Toyota's Master-Apprentice style teaching approach is like training in sports and music. Together the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata make up a management approach Learne r Coach (Manager) By Mike Rother 20
21 BUT THERE IS A PROBLEM No matter how good it is, just explaining a model doesn't generate new ways of thinking and acting. Hoping to create different behavior by explaining or trying to convince generally doesn't work. By Mike Rother
Our Organization Toyota's Way 22 THIS DOESN'T WORK • We don't behave a certain way because we lack information. We behave one way or another because it's a habit. • Changing means deliberately practicing a different routine, which over time changes how you think. • But you wouldn't try to run 20 miles at the start. You begin with some starter practice routines, to help you learn fundamentals and build some initial confidence in the new skill you're trying to learn. By Mike Rother
Toyota's Way 23 DEVELOPING YOUR OWN WAY Begin with some practice routines, then evolve to suit your organization as some proficiency is developed Our Organization's Way Expert Proficient Competent Advanced Beginner Novice Each person may start at a different point and advance at different rates. By Mike Rother
24 Kata are also practice routines that help you adopt new ways of acting and thinking. THE ROLE OF PRACTICE ROUTINES Kata2 (型 or 形) – Meaning "Form" This is where brain science comes in By Mike Rother
25 STARTER KATA The practice routines are a way to begin to operationalize the IK pattern The Improvement Kata model There are structured practice routines, or Starter Kata, for each step of the IK model, and for coaching, to help Learners develop fundamental skills and operationalize the model. They're a starting point for any individual, team or organization who would like to develop a more scientific mindset and approach. By Mike Rother
26 THE IK & CK PRACTICE GUIDE Instructions for each Starter Kata (Free on the Toyota Kata Website) By Mike Rother
Five Coaching Kata Questions Run Charts Learner's Storyboard Obstacles Parking Lot PDCA Cycles Record Coaching Cycle 27 Challenge Current Condition Analysis Target Condition Definition Block Diagram COACH LEARNER By Mike Rother
VIDEO 1: What We Know About How People Learn (2 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELpfYCZa87g Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel 28
VIDEO 2: Practicing in Small Steps (4 minutes) 29 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfAQ8oJIGoA Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel
QUICK DEFINITIONS By Mike Rother 30 The Improvement Kata: A practical four-step model of scientific of thinking and acting, for achieving challenging goals. The Improvement Kata includes practice routines for each step, for learning through practice how to work scientifically when you pursue goals in complex systems. The Coaching Kata: Is a pattern for teaching the Improvement Kata pattern of thinking and acting. The Coaching Kata includes practice routines for anyone who wants to teach the Improvement Kata pattern.
THE IMPROVEMENT KATA The Coaching Kata is a pattern for managers to follow in teaching the Improvement Kata pattern in daily work, so that it becomes part of an organization's culture. The Improvement Kata is a model of the human creative process. It’s a 4-step pattern of establishing target conditions and then working iteratively (scientifically) through obstacles, by learning from them and adapting based on what's being learned. THE COACHING KATA By Mike Rother 31
THE FOUR STEPS OF THE IMPROVEMENT KATA MODEL 1 2 3 4 A systematic, scientific pattern of working Remember: The Improvement Kata combines scientific steps + techniques of deliberate practice for each step, to develop effective problem solving skill By Mike Rother 32 Understand the Direction or Challenge Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition CC TC Experiment Toward the Target Condition Planning Phase Executing Phase
Vision Next Target Condition Current Condition Obstacles Challenge 12 34 THE FOUR STEPS OF THE IMPROVEMENT KATA PATTERN A systematic, scientific way of working By Mike Rother 33
Challenge Vision Next Target Condition Current Condition Obstacles THE IMPROVEMENT KATA PATTERN A systematic, scientific way of working By Mike Rother 34
THE IMPROVEMENT KATA PATTERN 35 Now Next Target Experiments Diagram by Tobias Leonhardt
THE IMPROVEMENT KATA PATTERN 36 Current Condition Target Condition Test!
(Manager) THE IMPROVEMENT KATA + THE COACHING KATA It’s a methodology for developing people to meet challenges By Mike Rother 37 Improvement Kata Coaching Kata Understand the Directionor Challenge Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition Experiment Toward the Target Condition ‘Executing’ Coaching Cycles ‘Planning’ Coaching Cycles Learner Coach
THE STEPS BUILD ON ONE ANOTHER Each step of the Improvement Kata pattern operates within the context of the previous step. This framing effect is an integral part of effective problem solving. By Mike Rother 38 Understand the Direction or Challenge Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition CC TC Experiment Toward the Target Condition Frames Frames Frames
Vision Next Target Condition Current Condition Obstacles Challenge CONNECTING STRATEGY & EXECUTION By Mike Rother 39 Execution Strategy Leaders establish the organizationʼs strategic concept (the “rallying point” or overall direction) Managers develop people by coaching application practice of the Improvement Kata in the direction of the challenge The role of Challenge in an organization
TERMINOLOGY Obstacles Experiments Current Condition Threshold of Knowledge By Mike Rother 40 Next Target Condition (dated)
Experiments At the Current Knowledge Threshold Challenge Threshold of Knowledge Current Condition Next Target Condition (date) By Mike Rother 41 WHAT IT REALLY LOOKS LIKE
Experiments At the Current Knowledge Threshold Challenge Threshold of Knowledge Current Condition By Mike Rother 42 WHAT IT REALLY LOOKS LIKE Next Target Condition (date)
Obstacles Experiments Next Target Condition (dated) Current Condition Threshold of Knowledge 43 PRACTICING WORKING SCIENTIFICALLY By Mike Rother STEP 1
Obstacles Experiments Current Condition 44 PRACTICING WORKING SCIENTIFICALLY By Mike Rother Next Target Condition (dated) Threshold of Knowledge STEP 2
Obstacles Experiments Current Condition 45 PRACTICING WORKING SCIENTIFICALLY By Mike Rother Next Target Condition (dated) Threshold of Knowledge STEP 3
Obstacles Experiments Current Condition 46 PRACTICING WORKING SCIENTIFICALLY By Mike Rother Next Target Condition (dated) Threshold of Knowledge STEP 4
Grasp the Current Condition Establish Your Next Target Condition Understand the Challenge The Improvement Kata Four steps for achieving goals 1. 2. 3. Experiments Toward the Target Condition 4. TC TC Grasp the Current Condition Establish Your Next Target Condition Understand the Challenge The Improvement Kata Four steps for achieving goals 1. 2. 3. Experiments Toward the Target Condition 4. TC TC Grasp the Current Condition Establish Your Next Target Condition Understand the Challenge The Improvement Kata Four steps for achieving goals 1. 2. 3. Experiments Toward the Target Condition 4. TC TC Grasp the Current Condition Establish Your Next Target Condition Understand the Challenge The Improvement Kata Four steps for achieving goals 1. 2. 3. Experiments Toward the Target Condition 4. TC TC Mike Rother Mike Rother Mike Rother Mike Rother
PLANNING EXECUTING Understand the Direction or Challenge (from level above) Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition Experiment Toward the Target Condition Value Stream Level Process Level Organization Level THE IK PATTERN IS PRACTICED AT ALL LEVELS The content differs, but the pattern of thinking is the same By Mike Rother 48 (Organization’s vision and strategic objectives)
PLANNING EXECUTING Understand the Direction or Challenge (from level above) Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition Experiment Toward the Target Condition Current State Value Stream Mapping Future State Value Stream Mapping Value Stream Level Process Level Organization Level THE IK PATTERN CONNECTS THE LEVELS A Target Condition at one level is the Direction for the next level Longer-Cycle Experiments Short-Cycle Experiments By Mike Rother 49
Understand the Direction or Challenge Frames Frames Frames Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition CC TC Experiment Toward the Target Condition By Mike Rother 50 THE ROLE OF VALUE STREAM MAPPING The Future-State Map helps provide an overarching Challenge to strive for VSM Here In what direction should process teams improve, using the Improvement Kata pattern?
Process Team A Process Team B Process Team C Vision Next Target Condition By Mike Rother 51 Target Condition Next Target Condition Target Condition Next Target Condition Target Condition Typically a 6-month to 3-year time frame Challenge THE ROLE OF VALUE STREAM MAPPING This is a main intended role for VSM
 Itʼs practice designed specifically to improve performance over time.  Itʼs practice that involves continual evaluation of your weaknesses and targeting specific weaknesses, rather than repeatedly doing what you already know how to do.  Itʼs practice that requires a coach. Observation and specific feedback on your current performance is critical to understanding what to work on and acquiring new skill.  Itʼs practice where you donʼt move on to the next part of the routine youʼre trying to learn until you master the part youʼre currently working on. WHAT IS “DELIBERATE PRACTICE”? By Mike Rother 52
• Any complex performance requires skill. • We develop new skill through practice. • Long time-gaps between practice sessions diminishes the effectiveness of practice. Daily often seems to be a good frequency. • We are not good at self-feedback to understand where we are deviating from good practice and need corrective action. A FEW SKILL-DEVELOPMENT BASICS By Mike Rother 53
‘Continuous’ means many minds engaged in improving their processes, and daily cycles of experimentation. Yet our existing work routines rarely include improvement. Systematically and scientifically improving processes is a complex skill set we are not naturally good at! We can learn systematic, scientific improvement through deliberate practice of the Improvement Kata routines WHY KATA FOR CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT? By Mike Rother 54
THE IK & CK INCLUDE PRACTICE ROUTINES The Improvement Kata & Coaching Kata don't just model a way of working, they also include structured practice routines for each step, to make their pattern teachable and transferrable. Coached practice of these routines, especially at the start, is a way to build improvement capability into an organization and make effective empowerment possible. Practical Application A team or organization that’s pursuing continuous improvement will do well to use some structured practice routines -- Kata -- for developing new behavior, habits and culture, especially at the beginning. By Mike Rother 55
START PRACTICING THESE The Coaching Kata Practice Routines For the Coach The IK Model A scientific way of working By Mike Rother BASIC PRINCIPLES START PRACTICING THESE Then build on them to suit your organization The IK Practice Routines For the Learner 56 Then build on them to suit your organization START BY PRACTICING FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS
57 The Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata have starter practice routines that help anyone develop scientific- thinking skills and mindset. Deliberate, coached IK/CK practice is a way of creating a scientific-thinking 'culture' in an individual, a team or an organization. Ultimately, though, the Kata are not the important thing, but rather the skills and mindset that practicing them leaves behind. As in music, sports and with other complex skills, you begin by practicing some fundamental Kata until their pattern becomes somewhat routine. Then you can move beyond rigidly practicing the Kata to develop your own style and focus on the sound of the 'music' you are making... as long as the basic principles & patterns of the Kata remain. By Mike Rother
(1) A Model A representation of something that occurs in reality. Models help researchers describe, predict, test and understand systems. ”Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful.” - George E. P. Box Starting routines ("Starter Kata"). Specific training drills to develop fundamental skills and mindset, especially at the beginning. These help turn concepts into reality. (Supported by coaching routines.) (2) Structured Starter Practice Routines (3) Organization-Specific Routines As proficiency increases, each organization can evolve the starting practice routines into its own practice routines, to better fit its circumstances and culture. THE TOYOTA KATA RESEARCH & APPROACH By Mike Rother 58
The scientific process helps you find the path not by telling you what's ahead. It only confirms or refutes the results of experiments. Since the path to a challenging goal cannot be predicted with exactness, we have to find that path by experimenting like a scientist. With each insight a scientist adjusts his/her course to take advantage of what has just been learned. THE IMPROVEMENT KATA PATTERN IS A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH One trick to making effective progress toward a goal is not to try to decide the way forward, but to have your team iterate its way forward by experimenting as cheaply and rapidly as possible. This is the action of innovation and it can be taught. By Mike Rother 59
THE SCIENTIFIC LEARNING CYCLE This cycle gives you a practical way to reach your Target Condition, by providing a systematic way of working through the grey zone between here and there. The scientific process of acquiring knowledge PREDICTION Testable ACTION Conduct the experiment EVALUATE Interpret the evidence EVIDENCE Collect facts and data 1 23 4 By Mike Rother 60 MAKE A PREDICTION Must be testable ACTION Let's test it and see EVALUATE Adjust based on what you learn EVIDENCE Collect facts & data
PREDICTION Testable ACTION Conduct the experiment EVALUATE Adjust based on what you learn EVIDENCE Collect facts and data PLAN DO 1 23 4 CHECK (Study) ACT By Mike Rother 61 THE SCIENTIFIC LEARNING CYCLE Is sometimes called "Plan-Do-Check-Act" or "Plan-Do-Study-Act"
What we expect to happen What actually happened By Mike Rother 62 Learning THE CORE DYNAMIC OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING This is the dynamic that allows us to reach challenging new goals through unclear territory When experimenting is done right, small failures often provide new insight that advance your design! “If the result confirms the hypothesis, then you've made a measurement. If the result is contrary to the hypothesis, then you've made a discovery." ~ Enrico Fermi
By Mike Rother 63 DO YOUR TESTS IN THE "EXPERIMENTING ZONE" A measureable Target Condition with achieve-by date Current Condition Using an effective means or pattern (Kata) for experimenting The Target Condition is measureable and has a firm achieve-by date. There are budget constraints and quality & safety parameters. There’s an effective way (Kata) of carrying out experiments Itʼs within these boundary conditions that we design and conduct frequent, rapid, cheap, non-harmful, successive experiments toward the Target Condition. Experiments are done as cheaply, quickly and safely as possible.
THERE'S A THRESHOLD OF KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN YOU AND YOUR GOAL Next Target Condition (date) Path isn't knowable in advance Where you want to be next Your Current Knowledge Threshold ? ? ? Limit of what you currently know Where you are The Goal By Mike Rother 64 It's the point at which you have no facts or data and start guessing
THERE'S A THRESHOLD OF KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN YOU AND YOUR GOAL It's the point at which you have no facts or data and start guessing, and it's closer than you think By Mike Rother 65 Any human endeavor involves a scientific process of testing and possibly adjusting. Why? Because you never know for sure how you are going to get there until you get there. Predictable Zone Current Knowledge Threshold Next Target Condition Unpredictable / Learning Zone ? We want to be here next ?
VIDEO 3: You're in the unpredictable Learning Zone! (2 minutes) 66 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaTOASsrHFs Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel
By Mike Rother Apparent Certainty 67 Threshold of Knowledge
By Mike Rother A CHALLENGE FOR THE COACH Apparent Certainty The Learner should practice in a Learning Zone, beyond their current knowledge and skill thresholds, yet also periodically get a feeling of progress. In other words, the Coach is responsible for the Learner's success. 68 Learning new skills and habits requires an emotion of enthusiasm in the Learner
Next Target Condition (date) Uncertainty / Learning Zone Where you want to be next Your Current Knowledge Threshold Condition Now ? ? ? WHAT SHOULD YOU DO AT THE THRESHOLD OF KNOWLEDGE? 1) Acknowledge it. (Difficult to do, until you get into the habit.) Key realization: There's always a threshold of knowledge. 2) Stop and see further by conducting an experiment. Don't deliberate over answers. Deliberate over the next experiment. By Mike Rother 69 There's a knowledge threshold in every coaching cycle. When you hit a knowledge threshold, have the Learner plan the next experiment there. Ask... "How can we find that out?" Hey Coach
Next Target Condition (date) Current Condition The Grey Zone The Scientific Approach SMALL, RAPID EXPERIMENTS ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE QUICKLY By Mike Rother 70
Next Target Condition (date) Where you want to be next Your Current Knowledge Threshold Where you are now By Mike Rother The Scientific Approach SMALL, RAPID EXPERIMENTS ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE QUICKLY 71
VIDEO 4: Working Iteratively (3 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COKqiFaHm1s Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel 72
PRACTICING THE IMPROVEMENT KATA TEACHES SCIENTIFIC THINKING Use deliberate practice of the Improvement Kata routines in order to make basic skills of scientific thinking more automatic.  That’s the Kata part. Those automatic fundamentals are then a foundation upon which all sorts of creativity and initiative can proliferate in your team and organization, to achieve what seems impossible.  That’s improvisation & creativity! By Mike Rother 73
Skill development begins here Learning begins when you start applying the Improvement Kata yourself LEVELS OF IK/CK SKILL DEVELOPMENT To coach the Improvement Kata, managers first need experience with applying the Improvement Kata Able to TEACH it Able to DO it AWARE of it Here you understand the thinking behind the Kata. Now you can coach others and evolve your own Kata. Concepts and information alone generally don’t change anything By Mike Rother 74
There is a LEARNING PROGRESSION Able to TEACH it AWARE of it Able to DO it Sorry, no way around it 75By Mike Rother Self Development Developing Others
Roles / Org Structure for Practicing By Mike Rother 76 Learner's Storyboard LearnerCoach (Manager) 2nd Coach Team Practices the Improvement Kata Practices the Coaching Kata Coaches the Coach
By Mike Rother 77 WHAT DEPLOYMENT OFTEN LOOKS LIKE Don’t try to expand Improvment Kata practice faster than you can develop internal Coaching Kata proficiency! Phase I Phase II Phase III Scouts study the subject Form AG AG and first coaches practice the IK AdvanceGroupmakes6or12-monthplan Advance Group conducts bi-weekly reflections Slice 1 (a process, area, department, VS Loop, etc.) Slice 2 Slice 3 Slice 4 AdvanceGroupreflectionandnextplan Increasing number of managers in the organization who are proficient as IK coaches Form an "Advance Group," i.e., which practices first AG works toward a series of 3 target conditions (does ~ 25 PDCA cycles) on real processes External Coach's Role (consultant) Initial instructor & coach On site every ~ 2 weeks 2nd coach On site every 2 - 4 weeks As needed
The Learner's Storyboard Start with this format By Mike Rother 78
Focus Process: Challenge: Target Condition Achieve by: Current Condition PDCA Cycles Record Obstacles Parking Lot
Card is downloadable at: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mrother/KATA_Files/5Q_Card.pdf By Mike Rother 80
PDCA CYCLES RECORD Obstacle: Date, step & metric What do we expect? What happened What we learned Learner: Process: Coach: (Each row = one experiment) DoaCoachingCycle ConducttheExperiment
The Five Coaching Kata Questions and the PDCA Cycles Record are used together Used by the Coach Used by the Learner 5-Question Coaching Dialog Rapid PDCA Cycles By Mike Rother 82
ASK THE FIVE QUESTIONS AT EACH STEP By Mike Rother 83
VIDEO 5: Improvement Kata Case Example 84 A good example of what happens when we practice a scientific way of working – a meta skill – rather then just benchmarking someone else's solutions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EHo4KrRKbQ Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel
By Mike Rother 85

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Kata Slides & Graphics v4.1

  • 1.
    DOWNLOAD KATA POWERPOINT SLIDES For creatingyour own KATA presentations and training
  • 3.
    About These KataSlides & Graphics v4.1, March 2016 This collection of Improvement Kata / Coaching Kata slides is for use by anyone. You can incorporate any of these PowerPoint format slides into your own training and presentations, and adjust them however you like. Also included are links to five short videos that help make key points in IK/CK presentations and training. You'll find many more videos on the IK/CK YouTube channel at www.youtube.com/user/734mike. Please post your Kata presentations on SlideShare (www.slideshare.net) and on YouTube, so we can learn from you. Include some keywords like those listed below so other Kata practitioners can find and learn from your efforts! Suggested keywords: IK, CK, Kata, Improvement Kata, Coaching Kata, Toyota Kata, Scientific Thinking 3
  • 4.
  • 5.
    5 Kata are structuredroutines that you practice deliberately, especially at the beginning, so their pattern becomes a habit and leaves you with new abilities. Kata are a way of learning fundamental skills that you can build on. The word comes from the martial arts, where Kata are used to train combatants in fundamental moves. But the idea of a Kata can be applied in a much broader sense. The Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata are for training managers and leaders in a new way of doing their jobs. At first you should try to practice each Kata exactly as described, until its pattern becomes somewhat automatic and habitual for you. That can take several months of practice. When you reach that point and have learned through practice to understand the "why" behind that Kata's routine, then you can start to deviate from it by evolving your own version or style of the pattern... as long as its core principles remain intact. Practice Kata to Find Your Way. No one can show you precisely how your management system should look and function. That would be impossible since each organization has unique characteristics and exists in unique conditions. Developing an organization's managerial system is not about copying the tools and techniques that another organization has come up with, which would be jumping to solutions. You can and should start with some already-existing basics, like in sports and music, but then it's an iterative process of trial and adjustment. The routines of the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata help you develop and build your own 21st Century management approach via a well-proven set of "Starter Kata" to practice daily. They come from the Toyota Kata research and have been used for practice at thousands of organizations around the world. Begin with the Starter Kata and then, as you gain skill and understanding, add to or adjust them to fit your situation as needed. Then you’ll be developing your own way. Best wishes for your practicing! Mike Rother A NOTE ABOUT "KATA"
  • 6.
    Here are theslides  Remember... it’s about you and your story! Use these slides as some building blocks. 6
  • 7.
    Visible Less Visible Lean tools andtechniques to improve quality, cost and delivery • A systematic, scientific way of thinking and acting • Managers as the teachers of that way PRACTICING FOUNDATIONAL SKILLS FOR SCIENTIFIC THINKING By Mike Rother 7 What we're focusing on
  • 8.
    8 THE IK &CK GIVE YOU AN EASY WAY TO PRACTICE SCIENTIFIC THINKING Scientific thinking is a basis for: • Successfully pursuing seemingly unattainable goals in complex systems • Enabling teams to make decisions close to the action and maneuver effectively The Improvement Kata & Coaching Kata make scientific thinking a skill anyone can learn, by combining a 4-Step scientific pattern + simple, structured routines for practicing the pattern. Science + Kata = Problem Solving Skill By Mike Rother
  • 9.
    9 WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC THINKING? Scientific thinkingis the intentional coordination of theory and evidence, whereby we encounter new information, interpret it and, if warranted, revise our understanding accordingly. This pattern is in contrast to relying on already-held beliefs to explain causality. Scientific thinking gives us the ability to look beyond our preconceptions and see the world and ourselves in a truer light. Whatʼs important about scientific thinking is not just whether we decide to revise beliefs based on new information, but that practicing it helps us reshape how we think... moving away from relying on subconscious biases and an artificial sense of certainty. Happily, humans are equipped to think about thinking, which is called “metacognition,” and are able to change how they think through personal experience (practice)! By Mike Rother
  • 10.
    SCIENTIFIC THINKING Scientific thinking isa routine of intentional coordination between what we think will happen (theory), what actually happens (evidence), and adjusting based on what we learn from the difference. What we expect to happen What actually happened Learning "Let'stryitandsee" 10By Mike Rother
  • 11.
    This is how you doit j k COACHING FREQUENT PRACTICE MASTERY STARTER KATA l m Corrective feedback to ensure the Learner practices the right patterns Growing self efficacy "I'm getting better at this" Structured routines for beginners to practice fundamentals A little every day 4 INGREDIENTS FOR ACQUIRING NEW SKILLS Brain research is clear: To develop new habits you should practice new routines and experience a progressive sense of mastering them (which helps generate and maintain enthusiasm). The following ingredients help us rewire our brain (new neural circuits) to acquire new skills & mindset. By Mike Rother 11
  • 12.
    WHAT ARE KATA? They'repractice routines. Kata are structured routines to practice deliberately, especially at the beginning, so their pattern becomes a habit and leaves you with new abilities. Kata are for learning fundamentals that you can build on. Kata are a way of transferring skills and developing shared abilities and mindset in a team or organization. By Mike Rother 12 “Let’s begin by practicing it this way for a while” Science + Kata = Problem Solving Skill Combining a scientific pattern with structured practice routines (Kata) develops effective problem solvers
  • 13.
    Example of a Kata “Let’sbegin by practicing it this way for a while.” By Mike Rother 13
  • 14.
    The Routines ofthe Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata are Practiced to Develop Scientific Mindset WHAT KATA ARE FOR Beginners should follow Kata exactly; not deviating from them, so the Learner can internalize the patterns. But with increasing proficiency each Learner can start to (within limits) develop their own style. Likewise, over time each organization can evolve the Kata it began with to better suit and mesh with its culture. The original Kata evolve into organization-specific practice routines. By Mike Rother 14 Kata Practice To develop foundational skill and mindset
  • 15.
    (1) FOLLOW: Startby repeating each practice routine without modification, so you can absorb its fundamental pattern. (2) DETACH: Once the basic patterns get habitual and you understand the 'why' behind them, you'll start to adapt them. HOW LONG DO YOU PRACTICE RELIGIOUSLY? 15 (3) FLUENCY: At this stage your actions become natural. You can create your own approaches to fit different circumstances, while sticking to basic underlying principles. Real practice doesn't pass through these discrete stages, but they are a useful way to depict your progression By Mike Rother
  • 16.
    They help youget started KATA ARE LIKE ROCKET ENGINES Beginners should follow Kata exactly; not deviating from them, so the Learner can internalize the patterns. But with increasing proficiency each Learner can start to (within limits) develop their own style. Likewise, over time each organization can evolve the Kata it began with to better suit and mesh with its culture. The original Kata evolve into organization-specific practice routines. KATA By Mike Rother 16
  • 17.
    17 THE IMPROVEMENT KATAMODEL Kata1 (方) – Suffix Meaning "Way of Doing" We found a common, scientific pattern of thinking and behavior in Toyota managers' approach -- their 'Way of Improving' -- and depicted it with a four-step model we named the “Improvement Kata.” Conduct Experiments to get thereGrasp the Current Condition Establish your Next Target Condition Get the Direction or Challenge 1 2 3 4 The Improvement Kata model comes from research into how Toyota manages people, which is summarized in the book “Toyota Kata” By Mike Rother
  • 18.
    18 THE IMPROVEMENT KATAMODEL Kata1 (方) – Suffix Meaning "Way of Doing" We found a common, scientific pattern of thinking and behavior in Toyota managers' approach -- their 'Way of Improving' -- and depicted it with a four-step model we named the “Improvement Kata.” Conduct Experiments to get thereGrasp the Current Condition Establish your Next Target Condition Get the Direction or Challenge 1 2 3 4 The Improvement Kata model comes from research into how Toyota manages people, which is summarized in the book “Toyota Kata” By Mike Rother
  • 19.
    19 Important point: Toyota'ssuccess has come from striving scientifically for all sorts of challenging goals, not just from "eliminating waste" for greater efficiency. A WAY OF IMPROVING Conduct Experiments to get thereGrasp the Current Condition Establish your Next Target Condition Get the Direction or Challenge 1 2 3 4 The IK pattern is similar to other models of the human creative, scientific process: Systems thinking, learning organization, design thinking, creative thinking, solution focused practice, preferred futuring, skills of inquiry, evidence-based learning. By Mike Rother
  • 20.
    THERE'S ALSO ACOACHING KATA A way of coaching. Toyota's Master-Apprentice style teaching approach is like training in sports and music. Together the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata make up a management approach Learne r Coach (Manager) By Mike Rother 20
  • 21.
    21 BUT THERE ISA PROBLEM No matter how good it is, just explaining a model doesn't generate new ways of thinking and acting. Hoping to create different behavior by explaining or trying to convince generally doesn't work. By Mike Rother
  • 22.
    Our Organization Toyota's Way 22 THIS DOESN'T WORK •We don't behave a certain way because we lack information. We behave one way or another because it's a habit. • Changing means deliberately practicing a different routine, which over time changes how you think. • But you wouldn't try to run 20 miles at the start. You begin with some starter practice routines, to help you learn fundamentals and build some initial confidence in the new skill you're trying to learn. By Mike Rother
  • 23.
    Toyota's Way 23 DEVELOPING YOUR OWNWAY Begin with some practice routines, then evolve to suit your organization as some proficiency is developed Our Organization's Way Expert Proficient Competent Advanced Beginner Novice Each person may start at a different point and advance at different rates. By Mike Rother
  • 24.
    24 Kata are alsopractice routines that help you adopt new ways of acting and thinking. THE ROLE OF PRACTICE ROUTINES Kata2 (型 or 形) – Meaning "Form" This is where brain science comes in By Mike Rother
  • 25.
    25 STARTER KATA The practice routinesare a way to begin to operationalize the IK pattern The Improvement Kata model There are structured practice routines, or Starter Kata, for each step of the IK model, and for coaching, to help Learners develop fundamental skills and operationalize the model. They're a starting point for any individual, team or organization who would like to develop a more scientific mindset and approach. By Mike Rother
  • 26.
    26 THE IK &CK PRACTICE GUIDE Instructions for each Starter Kata (Free on the Toyota Kata Website) By Mike Rother
  • 27.
    Five Coaching Kata Questions RunCharts Learner's Storyboard Obstacles Parking Lot PDCA Cycles Record Coaching Cycle 27 Challenge Current Condition Analysis Target Condition Definition Block Diagram COACH LEARNER By Mike Rother
  • 28.
    VIDEO 1: What WeKnow About How People Learn (2 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELpfYCZa87g Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel 28
  • 29.
    VIDEO 2: Practicing inSmall Steps (4 minutes) 29 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfAQ8oJIGoA Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel
  • 30.
    QUICK DEFINITIONS By MikeRother 30 The Improvement Kata: A practical four-step model of scientific of thinking and acting, for achieving challenging goals. The Improvement Kata includes practice routines for each step, for learning through practice how to work scientifically when you pursue goals in complex systems. The Coaching Kata: Is a pattern for teaching the Improvement Kata pattern of thinking and acting. The Coaching Kata includes practice routines for anyone who wants to teach the Improvement Kata pattern.
  • 31.
    THE IMPROVEMENT KATA The CoachingKata is a pattern for managers to follow in teaching the Improvement Kata pattern in daily work, so that it becomes part of an organization's culture. The Improvement Kata is a model of the human creative process. It’s a 4-step pattern of establishing target conditions and then working iteratively (scientifically) through obstacles, by learning from them and adapting based on what's being learned. THE COACHING KATA By Mike Rother 31
  • 32.
    THE FOUR STEPSOF THE IMPROVEMENT KATA MODEL 1 2 3 4 A systematic, scientific pattern of working Remember: The Improvement Kata combines scientific steps + techniques of deliberate practice for each step, to develop effective problem solving skill By Mike Rother 32 Understand the Direction or Challenge Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition CC TC Experiment Toward the Target Condition Planning Phase Executing Phase
  • 33.
    Vision Next Target Condition Current Condition Obstacles Challenge 1234 THE FOUR STEPS OF THE IMPROVEMENT KATA PATTERN A systematic, scientific way of working By Mike Rother 33
  • 34.
    Challenge Vision Next Target Condition Current Condition Obstacles THEIMPROVEMENT KATA PATTERN A systematic, scientific way of working By Mike Rother 34
  • 35.
    THE IMPROVEMENT KATAPATTERN 35 Now Next Target Experiments Diagram by Tobias Leonhardt
  • 36.
    THE IMPROVEMENT KATAPATTERN 36 Current Condition Target Condition Test!
  • 37.
    (Manager) THE IMPROVEMENT KATA +THE COACHING KATA It’s a methodology for developing people to meet challenges By Mike Rother 37 Improvement Kata Coaching Kata Understand the Directionor Challenge Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition Experiment Toward the Target Condition ‘Executing’ Coaching Cycles ‘Planning’ Coaching Cycles Learner Coach
  • 38.
    THE STEPS BUILDON ONE ANOTHER Each step of the Improvement Kata pattern operates within the context of the previous step. This framing effect is an integral part of effective problem solving. By Mike Rother 38 Understand the Direction or Challenge Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition CC TC Experiment Toward the Target Condition Frames Frames Frames
  • 39.
    Vision Next Target Condition Current Condition Obstacles Challenge CONNECTINGSTRATEGY & EXECUTION By Mike Rother 39 Execution Strategy Leaders establish the organizationʼs strategic concept (the “rallying point” or overall direction) Managers develop people by coaching application practice of the Improvement Kata in the direction of the challenge The role of Challenge in an organization
  • 40.
  • 41.
    Experiments At the Current KnowledgeThreshold Challenge Threshold of Knowledge Current Condition Next Target Condition (date) By Mike Rother 41 WHAT IT REALLY LOOKS LIKE
  • 42.
    Experiments At the Current KnowledgeThreshold Challenge Threshold of Knowledge Current Condition By Mike Rother 42 WHAT IT REALLY LOOKS LIKE Next Target Condition (date)
  • 43.
  • 44.
    Obstacles Experiments Current Condition 44 PRACTICING WORKING SCIENTIFICALLY ByMike Rother Next Target Condition (dated) Threshold of Knowledge STEP 2
  • 45.
    Obstacles Experiments Current Condition 45 PRACTICING WORKING SCIENTIFICALLY ByMike Rother Next Target Condition (dated) Threshold of Knowledge STEP 3
  • 46.
    Obstacles Experiments Current Condition 46 PRACTICING WORKING SCIENTIFICALLY ByMike Rother Next Target Condition (dated) Threshold of Knowledge STEP 4
  • 47.
    Grasp the Current Condition Establish Your Next Target Condition Understand the Challenge TheImprovement Kata Four steps for achieving goals 1. 2. 3. Experiments Toward the Target Condition 4. TC TC Grasp the Current Condition Establish Your Next Target Condition Understand the Challenge The Improvement Kata Four steps for achieving goals 1. 2. 3. Experiments Toward the Target Condition 4. TC TC Grasp the Current Condition Establish Your Next Target Condition Understand the Challenge The Improvement Kata Four steps for achieving goals 1. 2. 3. Experiments Toward the Target Condition 4. TC TC Grasp the Current Condition Establish Your Next Target Condition Understand the Challenge The Improvement Kata Four steps for achieving goals 1. 2. 3. Experiments Toward the Target Condition 4. TC TC Mike Rother Mike Rother Mike Rother Mike Rother
  • 48.
    PLANNING EXECUTING Understand the Direction orChallenge (from level above) Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition Experiment Toward the Target Condition Value Stream Level Process Level Organization Level THE IK PATTERN IS PRACTICED AT ALL LEVELS The content differs, but the pattern of thinking is the same By Mike Rother 48 (Organization’s vision and strategic objectives)
  • 49.
    PLANNING EXECUTING Understand the Direction orChallenge (from level above) Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition Experiment Toward the Target Condition Current State Value Stream Mapping Future State Value Stream Mapping Value Stream Level Process Level Organization Level THE IK PATTERN CONNECTS THE LEVELS A Target Condition at one level is the Direction for the next level Longer-Cycle Experiments Short-Cycle Experiments By Mike Rother 49
  • 50.
    Understand the Direction or Challenge FramesFrames Frames Grasp the Current Condition Establish the Next Target Condition CC TC Experiment Toward the Target Condition By Mike Rother 50 THE ROLE OF VALUE STREAM MAPPING The Future-State Map helps provide an overarching Challenge to strive for VSM Here In what direction should process teams improve, using the Improvement Kata pattern?
  • 51.
    Process Team A ProcessTeam B Process Team C Vision Next Target Condition By Mike Rother 51 Target Condition Next Target Condition Target Condition Next Target Condition Target Condition Typically a 6-month to 3-year time frame Challenge THE ROLE OF VALUE STREAM MAPPING This is a main intended role for VSM
  • 52.
     Itʼs practicedesigned specifically to improve performance over time.  Itʼs practice that involves continual evaluation of your weaknesses and targeting specific weaknesses, rather than repeatedly doing what you already know how to do.  Itʼs practice that requires a coach. Observation and specific feedback on your current performance is critical to understanding what to work on and acquiring new skill.  Itʼs practice where you donʼt move on to the next part of the routine youʼre trying to learn until you master the part youʼre currently working on. WHAT IS “DELIBERATE PRACTICE”? By Mike Rother 52
  • 53.
    • Any complexperformance requires skill. • We develop new skill through practice. • Long time-gaps between practice sessions diminishes the effectiveness of practice. Daily often seems to be a good frequency. • We are not good at self-feedback to understand where we are deviating from good practice and need corrective action. A FEW SKILL-DEVELOPMENT BASICS By Mike Rother 53
  • 54.
    ‘Continuous’ means manyminds engaged in improving their processes, and daily cycles of experimentation. Yet our existing work routines rarely include improvement. Systematically and scientifically improving processes is a complex skill set we are not naturally good at! We can learn systematic, scientific improvement through deliberate practice of the Improvement Kata routines WHY KATA FOR CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT? By Mike Rother 54
  • 55.
    THE IK &CK INCLUDE PRACTICE ROUTINES The Improvement Kata & Coaching Kata don't just model a way of working, they also include structured practice routines for each step, to make their pattern teachable and transferrable. Coached practice of these routines, especially at the start, is a way to build improvement capability into an organization and make effective empowerment possible. Practical Application A team or organization that’s pursuing continuous improvement will do well to use some structured practice routines -- Kata -- for developing new behavior, habits and culture, especially at the beginning. By Mike Rother 55
  • 56.
    START PRACTICING THESE The Coaching Kata Practice Routines Forthe Coach The IK Model A scientific way of working By Mike Rother BASIC PRINCIPLES START PRACTICING THESE Then build on them to suit your organization The IK Practice Routines For the Learner 56 Then build on them to suit your organization START BY PRACTICING FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS
  • 57.
    57 The Improvement Kataand Coaching Kata have starter practice routines that help anyone develop scientific- thinking skills and mindset. Deliberate, coached IK/CK practice is a way of creating a scientific-thinking 'culture' in an individual, a team or an organization. Ultimately, though, the Kata are not the important thing, but rather the skills and mindset that practicing them leaves behind. As in music, sports and with other complex skills, you begin by practicing some fundamental Kata until their pattern becomes somewhat routine. Then you can move beyond rigidly practicing the Kata to develop your own style and focus on the sound of the 'music' you are making... as long as the basic principles & patterns of the Kata remain. By Mike Rother
  • 58.
    (1) A ModelA representation of something that occurs in reality. Models help researchers describe, predict, test and understand systems. ”Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful.” - George E. P. Box Starting routines ("Starter Kata"). Specific training drills to develop fundamental skills and mindset, especially at the beginning. These help turn concepts into reality. (Supported by coaching routines.) (2) Structured Starter Practice Routines (3) Organization-Specific Routines As proficiency increases, each organization can evolve the starting practice routines into its own practice routines, to better fit its circumstances and culture. THE TOYOTA KATA RESEARCH & APPROACH By Mike Rother 58
  • 59.
    The scientific processhelps you find the path not by telling you what's ahead. It only confirms or refutes the results of experiments. Since the path to a challenging goal cannot be predicted with exactness, we have to find that path by experimenting like a scientist. With each insight a scientist adjusts his/her course to take advantage of what has just been learned. THE IMPROVEMENT KATA PATTERN IS A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH One trick to making effective progress toward a goal is not to try to decide the way forward, but to have your team iterate its way forward by experimenting as cheaply and rapidly as possible. This is the action of innovation and it can be taught. By Mike Rother 59
  • 60.
    THE SCIENTIFIC LEARNINGCYCLE This cycle gives you a practical way to reach your Target Condition, by providing a systematic way of working through the grey zone between here and there. The scientific process of acquiring knowledge PREDICTION Testable ACTION Conduct the experiment EVALUATE Interpret the evidence EVIDENCE Collect facts and data 1 23 4 By Mike Rother 60 MAKE A PREDICTION Must be testable ACTION Let's test it and see EVALUATE Adjust based on what you learn EVIDENCE Collect facts & data
  • 61.
    PREDICTION Testable ACTION Conduct the experiment EVALUATE Adjust basedon what you learn EVIDENCE Collect facts and data PLAN DO 1 23 4 CHECK (Study) ACT By Mike Rother 61 THE SCIENTIFIC LEARNING CYCLE Is sometimes called "Plan-Do-Check-Act" or "Plan-Do-Study-Act"
  • 62.
    What we expect to happen What actually happened ByMike Rother 62 Learning THE CORE DYNAMIC OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING This is the dynamic that allows us to reach challenging new goals through unclear territory When experimenting is done right, small failures often provide new insight that advance your design! “If the result confirms the hypothesis, then you've made a measurement. If the result is contrary to the hypothesis, then you've made a discovery." ~ Enrico Fermi
  • 63.
    By Mike Rother63 DO YOUR TESTS IN THE "EXPERIMENTING ZONE" A measureable Target Condition with achieve-by date Current Condition Using an effective means or pattern (Kata) for experimenting The Target Condition is measureable and has a firm achieve-by date. There are budget constraints and quality & safety parameters. There’s an effective way (Kata) of carrying out experiments Itʼs within these boundary conditions that we design and conduct frequent, rapid, cheap, non-harmful, successive experiments toward the Target Condition. Experiments are done as cheaply, quickly and safely as possible.
  • 64.
    THERE'S A THRESHOLDOF KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN YOU AND YOUR GOAL Next Target Condition (date) Path isn't knowable in advance Where you want to be next Your Current Knowledge Threshold ? ? ? Limit of what you currently know Where you are The Goal By Mike Rother 64 It's the point at which you have no facts or data and start guessing
  • 65.
    THERE'S A THRESHOLDOF KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN YOU AND YOUR GOAL It's the point at which you have no facts or data and start guessing, and it's closer than you think By Mike Rother 65 Any human endeavor involves a scientific process of testing and possibly adjusting. Why? Because you never know for sure how you are going to get there until you get there. Predictable Zone Current Knowledge Threshold Next Target Condition Unpredictable / Learning Zone ? We want to be here next ?
  • 66.
    VIDEO 3: You're inthe unpredictable Learning Zone! (2 minutes) 66 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaTOASsrHFs Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel
  • 67.
  • 68.
    By Mike Rother ACHALLENGE FOR THE COACH Apparent Certainty The Learner should practice in a Learning Zone, beyond their current knowledge and skill thresholds, yet also periodically get a feeling of progress. In other words, the Coach is responsible for the Learner's success. 68 Learning new skills and habits requires an emotion of enthusiasm in the Learner
  • 69.
    Next Target Condition (date) Uncertainty / LearningZone Where you want to be next Your Current Knowledge Threshold Condition Now ? ? ? WHAT SHOULD YOU DO AT THE THRESHOLD OF KNOWLEDGE? 1) Acknowledge it. (Difficult to do, until you get into the habit.) Key realization: There's always a threshold of knowledge. 2) Stop and see further by conducting an experiment. Don't deliberate over answers. Deliberate over the next experiment. By Mike Rother 69 There's a knowledge threshold in every coaching cycle. When you hit a knowledge threshold, have the Learner plan the next experiment there. Ask... "How can we find that out?" Hey Coach
  • 70.
    Next Target Condition (date) Current Condition The Grey Zone TheScientific Approach SMALL, RAPID EXPERIMENTS ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE QUICKLY By Mike Rother 70
  • 71.
    Next Target Condition (date) Where you want tobe next Your Current Knowledge Threshold Where you are now By Mike Rother The Scientific Approach SMALL, RAPID EXPERIMENTS ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE QUICKLY 71
  • 72.
    VIDEO 4: WorkingIteratively (3 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COKqiFaHm1s Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel 72
  • 73.
    PRACTICING THE IMPROVEMENTKATA TEACHES SCIENTIFIC THINKING Use deliberate practice of the Improvement Kata routines in order to make basic skills of scientific thinking more automatic.  That’s the Kata part. Those automatic fundamentals are then a foundation upon which all sorts of creativity and initiative can proliferate in your team and organization, to achieve what seems impossible.  That’s improvisation & creativity! By Mike Rother 73
  • 74.
    Skill development begins here Learningbegins when you start applying the Improvement Kata yourself LEVELS OF IK/CK SKILL DEVELOPMENT To coach the Improvement Kata, managers first need experience with applying the Improvement Kata Able to TEACH it Able to DO it AWARE of it Here you understand the thinking behind the Kata. Now you can coach others and evolve your own Kata. Concepts and information alone generally don’t change anything By Mike Rother 74
  • 75.
    There is a LEARNINGPROGRESSION Able to TEACH it AWARE of it Able to DO it Sorry, no way around it 75By Mike Rother Self Development Developing Others
  • 76.
    Roles / OrgStructure for Practicing By Mike Rother 76 Learner's Storyboard LearnerCoach (Manager) 2nd Coach Team Practices the Improvement Kata Practices the Coaching Kata Coaches the Coach
  • 77.
    By Mike Rother77 WHAT DEPLOYMENT OFTEN LOOKS LIKE Don’t try to expand Improvment Kata practice faster than you can develop internal Coaching Kata proficiency! Phase I Phase II Phase III Scouts study the subject Form AG AG and first coaches practice the IK AdvanceGroupmakes6or12-monthplan Advance Group conducts bi-weekly reflections Slice 1 (a process, area, department, VS Loop, etc.) Slice 2 Slice 3 Slice 4 AdvanceGroupreflectionandnextplan Increasing number of managers in the organization who are proficient as IK coaches Form an "Advance Group," i.e., which practices first AG works toward a series of 3 target conditions (does ~ 25 PDCA cycles) on real processes External Coach's Role (consultant) Initial instructor & coach On site every ~ 2 weeks 2nd coach On site every 2 - 4 weeks As needed
  • 78.
    The Learner's Storyboard Startwith this format By Mike Rother 78
  • 79.
    Focus Process: Challenge: TargetCondition Achieve by: Current Condition PDCA Cycles Record Obstacles Parking Lot
  • 80.
    Card is downloadableat: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mrother/KATA_Files/5Q_Card.pdf By Mike Rother 80
  • 81.
    PDCA CYCLES RECORD Obstacle: Date,step & metric What do we expect? What happened What we learned Learner: Process: Coach: (Each row = one experiment) DoaCoachingCycle ConducttheExperiment
  • 82.
    The Five CoachingKata Questions and the PDCA Cycles Record are used together Used by the Coach Used by the Learner 5-Question Coaching Dialog Rapid PDCA Cycles By Mike Rother 82
  • 83.
    ASK THE FIVEQUESTIONS AT EACH STEP By Mike Rother 83
  • 84.
    VIDEO 5: ImprovementKata Case Example 84 A good example of what happens when we practice a scientific way of working – a meta skill – rather then just benchmarking someone else's solutions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EHo4KrRKbQ Also available on the IK/CK YouTube Channel
  • 85.