KARONGI INCEPTION PPT FINAL- Dr Ange Felix NSANZIYERRA

The evergreen fluid city
Study for developing
KARONGI DISTRICT
LAND-USE PLAN

KARONGI DISTRICT
LAND-USE PLAN
Inception Report

Description of
Karongi District
Karongi land use plan _ inception report 22

C This document remains the property of Nationa land Authority , NLA
No reproduction is allowed
KARONGI DISTRICT
The evergreen
fluid city

Karongi District has 13 sectors, 88
cells and 538 villages
The district may be subdivided into 3 sub-
regions:
(1) region alongside Lake Kivu (Rubengera,
Bwishyura, Mubuga and Gishyita sectors); (2)
region having essentially acidic soil (Rugabano,
Murundi, Murambi, Gashari and Rugando
sectors); (3) region of high slopes (Twumba,
Mutuntu, Rwankuba and Gitesi sectors).
Karongi District land size is 993 km2 for a
population of 373,869 increasing at nearly 2.3%
per annum. Its current density of 482 inhabitants
/ km2 (NISR, PHC5, 2022) will increase up to 911
inhabitants per km2 in 2050 at the growth rate
of 2.3%. The land at risk of Karongi District is
estimated to 34,525 ha (44%) in the total land of
79,298 ha (MoE, 2020) . Only 9% of the population
is in urban area.
1.3.1. Geographical location
Karongi District is one of the 7 districts that make
up the Western Province. Karongi District borders
Rutsiro and Ngororero Districts in the north,
Southern Province in the east, Ruhango and
Muhanga districts, and Nyamagabe District in the
south. In the southwest is Nyamasheke District,
in the west is Lake Kivu and it borders the
Democratic Republic of the Congo (RDC).
Kayonza
Nyagatare
Kirehe
Bugesera
Ngoma
Karongi
Burera
Gakenke
Ruhango
Gicumbi Gatsibo
Rulindo
RutsiroNgororero
Musanze
Rubavu Nyabihu
o
Gasabo
Muhanga
Ka
mNoynayriugeKnigcuekir
Rwamagana
KARONGI
NYAMAGABE
NYAMASHEKE
RUTSIRO
NGORORERO
RUHANGO
NYANZA
Gishyita Gitesi
Twumba
Mubuga
Bwishyura
Murundi
Rubengera
Mutuntu
Rugabano
Gashari
Rwankuba
Ruganda
Murambi
MUHAN
MUHA
Rusizi
Karongi
Rutsiro
Nyamasheke
Ngororero
Nyabihu
Rubavu
Legend
KARONGI_WATER_BODY
Sectors Boundaries
Legend
Lakes
KARONGI_DISTRICT
Districts
Legend
KARONGI_DISTRICT
W estern_Districts
Lakes
F
F
F
3 6 9 12
3 1.5 0
Kilometers
0 5 10 20 30 40
Kilometers
Nyanza
Nyamasheke
Nyamagabe
Huye
Rusizi
Gisagara
Nyaruguru
0 10 20 40 60 80
Kilometers
Karongi land use plan _ inception report
Map 01. Karongi District Locationmap
373,869
Population
538
Villages
88
Cells
13
Sectors
993km2
AREA
482 /km2
Density

Hydrology
Watercourses and their catchmentareas
Karongi District has a very dense hydrographic
network made up of several watercourses
The watercourses located west of the District
flow into Lake Kivu while those draining the
waters from the basins eastern slopes feed the
Nyabarongo. The latter is one of the polluted
rivers by the eroded soil on the steep watersheds
cultivated without measures of appropriate
protection. Most of the watercourses cross small
marshes which are also silted up during the rainy
season.
The superposition of the hydrological and
topographic map makes it possible to locate and
name the main rivers and their tributaries as
summarized in the table below.
Soil anderosion
The available soil is fertile along the region around
lake Kivu and Nyungwe forest, but more acidic
along few sectors (Ruganda, Gashali, Murambi,
Murundi and Rugabano Sectors).
Karongi district is characterized by the high lands
areawithsteepfeaturesandhas analtitudevarying
between 1470 to 2200 meters. On one hand, the
topographical characteristics allow the district to
be faced with soil erosion. The various land uses
decrease forest area accentuate the land slide
phenomena, bring heavy siltation downstream,
and flood in some cases. Human and property
losses associated with the storm water, erosion for
the 2022 year has been dramatic where 8 people
KARONGI
NYAMAGABE
NYAMASHEKE
RUHANGO
NYANZA
MUHANGA
Gishyita Gitesi
Twumba
Mubuga
Bwishyura
Murundi
Rubengera
Mutuntu
Rugabano
Gashari
Rwankuba
Ruganda
Nyabarongo
Musogoro
Murambi Mashyiga
Nyabahanga
Munzanga
Muregeya
Kirimbi
0 2,8505,700 11,400 Meters
Legend
Karongi_rivers
KARONGI_WATER_BODY
KARONGI_WETLAND
Sector_boundaries
Table 02 : Status of disasters in Karongi District from 2016 to 2022
Houses
Death Injured Dam-
aged
Crops
Dam-
aged
Forest
Dam-
aged
Live- Class-
stock rooms
Health
Centre
Roads
Church-
es
Bridg-
es
Admin
Build-
ings
Water Electric
Supply Lines
(Ha) (Ha)
2016 11 8 76 26 - 45 12 0 0 2 0 1 0 0
2017 7 6 82 521 - 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
2018 32 14 663 1059.3 - 29 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 2
2019 8 10 57 54 - 3 11 0 5 2 6 1 0 0
2020 16 15 99 53 25 35 2 0 9 0 1 0 0 1
2021 7 9 35 0.07 8 10 21 0 8 1 0 1 0 2
2022 8 17 260 85.5 7 1 22 0 1 2 1 0 0 1
Source: Source: Data compiled from MINEMA, Disaster Response and Recovery unit (2016- 2022)
Map 02. Karongi waterbodies andwetlands

Map 03. Existing type ofsoil

Map 04. Erosion and Landslide RiskMap

Map 05. Natural hazards risksmap

lost their lives , 17 injured while 260 households
have been destroyed by erosion and li=and slides ,
85.5 ha of crops have been flooded by land slides,
7 hectares of forest have been damaged by land
slides and 22 classrooms destroyed.
The Districy is also exposed to other natural
disasters including fire, floods, hailstorm, house
collapse, lightning, mine disaster, rainstorms &
windstorm, due to its topography with high
mountains and steep slopes. Table 02 illustrates
the status of disasters in Karongi District from
2016 to 2022. Overall, each year, Karongi district
has encountered 7 to 32 deaths and 7 to 16
injuries. Many properties and utilities including
houses, farming land, livestock, classrooms,
health centre, roads, churches, bridges, admin
buildings, water supply and electrical lines. The
land use master plan under preparation will
propose the required land use proposals to
reduce the disasters in the district.
Topography
Karongi District is characterized by the high lands
area with steep features and has an altitude
varying between 1470 to 2200 metres. These
high and steep mountains are highly susceptible
to erosion and landslide.
On one hand, the topographic characteristics
allow the district to be faced with soil erosion;
and on the other hand, the proper usage of the
existing topography may limit the erosion and
landslides phenomena. Hence a proper planning
of the land use may lead to the proper
exploitation of the District land.
KARONGI
NYAMAGABE
NYAMASHEKE
RUTSIRO
NGORORERO
RUHANGO
MUHAN
MUHAN
Gishyita
Gitesi
Twumba
Mubuga
Bwishyura
Murundi
Rubengera
Mutuntu
Rugabano
Gashari
Rwankuba
Ruganda
Murambi
Nyabarongo
M usogoro
Mashyiga
Nyabahanga
M unzanga
M uregeya
Kirimbi
LEGEND
KARONGI_BIG_RIVERS
KARONGI_WATER_BODY
Sector_boundaries
Main_roads_Karongi
TOPOGRAPHY
Value
High : 261
Low :0
Map 06. KarongiTopography

Climate and Rainfall
Karongi enjoys an equatorial climate. The average
annual temperatures range between 16 and
18°C, but can reach 30 °C on hot day hours and
(Figure 1) and 12 °C during cold nights. The
rainfall is minimum close to zero in the dry season
(June to early September) and can reach 200
mm in the rainy period (November/December
and March/April). Annually, the rainfall varies
around 1500 mm to 2500 mm. As shown in
Figure 1, the rainfall has been decreasing over
time (from 1979 to 2021). The opposite trend has
been observed for the temperature (Figure 2).
This is attributed to the climate change effect.
The land use master plan under preparation
will propose the required actions for the
climate change adaptation and resilience.
Year
mean[°C]
anomalystripes
Mean yearly temperature, trend and anomaly, 1979-2023.
Karongi 1.88°S, 29.31°E.
16
17
18
19
meteoblue.com
Figure 01.Variation of temperature from 1979 to 2021 (Available at https://www.meteoblue.com/en/climate-change/
karongi_rwanda_6997973)
Mean yearly precipitation, trend and anomaly, 1979-2023.
Karongi 1.88°S, 29.31°E.
mean[mm]
anomaly
stripes
1500
2000
2500
3000
Figure 02.
Year
Variation of annual rainfall from 1979 to 2021 ( Available at https://www.meteoblue.com/en/climate-
change/karongi_rwanda_6997973 )

3
Fauna and
flora

Photo1 : Landslides
Photo2 : Kivu lake
Biodiversity
The biodiversity in Karongi district is dominated
by agricultural farming, natural forest plantations,
livestock, birds, and other biodiversity found on
land and in the Lake Kivu. The agricultural farming
is dominated by coffee, tea, macadamia, maize,
sorghum, beans, soya beans, peas, irish potatoes,
bananas, cassava, wheat, vegetables and fruit
trees. Livestock in Karongi comprises animals such
as cows, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. In terms
of forestry, Karongi district has a forest cover of
23,915ha (30.2% of its total land) of which 22,719
hectares are forest plantations and 1,070 hectares
are natural forests (mainly Mukura natural forest).
As the rest of the Lake Kivu, Karongi lake water is
of a great poverty in terms of fauna, but the
largest source of fish in Rwanda. According to the
various authors, it is considered that up to 26 fish
species classified into 4 families (Cichlidae,
Claridae and Cyprinidae, Clupeidae) .
Lake Kivu islands in Karongi district has a lot of
biodiversity divided into 6 groups: birds, vascular
plants, invertebrates, mammals, reptiles and
amphibians: 80 bird species, 142 plants, 52
invertebrates, 6 mammals, 6 reptiles and 5
species of amphibians. Nyamunini Island is the
most diverse, followed respectively by Mukondwe
and Shegesha. The master plan under preparation
will consider the above characteristics of the
biodiversity in Karongo district.
It is worth noting that invasive species mainly
Lantana camara and Caesalpinia decapetala are
very common to the islands
Table 03 : Dominant tree species in Karongi district
No. Tree Species Shrub Species Herb Species
1. Acacia mearnsii Clerodendrum rotundifolium Ageratum conyzoides
2. Acacia melanoxylon Coffea arabica Bidens pilosa
3. Alnus glutinosa Dracaena afromontana Conyza sumatrensis
4. Casuarina equisetifolia Lantana camara Crassocephalum vitellinum
5. Eucalyptus sp Manihot esculenta Cyperus latifolius
6. Euphorbia tirucalli Manihot glaziovii Digitaria abyssinica
7. Erythrina abyssinica Ricinus communis Hyparrhenia sp
8. Ficuss sp. Tithonia diversifolia Lactuca sp
9. Grevillea robusta Tetradenia riparia Leonotis nepaetifolia
10. Jacaranda mimosifolia Vernonia amygdalina Mikania cordata
11. Leucena leucocephala Musa sp
12. Melia azedarach Ocimum sp
13. Macadamia tetraphylla Oryza sativum
14. Mangifera indica Pennisetum purpureum
15. Persea americana Phytolacca dodecandra
16. Pinus patula Spermacoce princae
17. Psidium guajava Tagetes minuta
18. Rhus longipes

mentioned above and are considered the main
threat to island species. Lantana camara is
progressively becoming a serious threat to
vegetation as they cover very large parts of the
islands like Mukondwe, Shegesha and Mbabara
islands while Caesalpinia decapetala is now
spreading at Mbarara island. This master plan will
also consider the ecological restoration of the
islands.
Forestry
According to the Rwanda Forest Cover Mapping
(2019), Karongi district has a forest cover of
are natural forests (mainly Mukura natural forest)
located in Twumba sector. The existing forest cover
reflects the balance between the afforestation
and deforestation. From 2009 to 2019, the
Rwanda Forest Cover Mapping (2019) recorded a
deforestation rate of 3,554 ha (16.9%) and an
afforestation of 5,677 ha (27%). The highest
forested sectors are Twumba with 4,242ha (43%),
Rwankuba with 2,574ha (37%), Rugabano with
2,506ha (31%) and Ruganda with 2,339ha (38%).
The least forest sector is Mubuga with 774ha
(17% of the sector land). The forest density map
(Map 12) shows that many forests in Bwishyura,
Twumba, Mubuga, Nyarusange, and Ruganda are
degraded and need a reforestation program to
improve the productivity. Thus, it is recommended
that Karongi district forest management plan
(DFMP) prioritize the reforestation activities in
these sectors while planning for afforestation in
Mubuga sector.
In terms of the size of forest plantations in Karongi
District, 71% of forest plantations have largescale
plantations of greater than 2 ha per plot with the
highest large area forests found in Twumba 2,172
ha, followed by Rwankuba (2,008 ha), Ruganda
(1,841 ha)andRugabano(1,839 ha).It isimportant
for Karongi district to increase the forest density in
sectors with low density. Reducing permits issued
for Charcoal production in the least and degraded
sectors could be a strategy to enable existing
eucalyptus plantations increase theirproductivity.
In terms of forest cover change the Forest Cover
Mapping (2019) has shown that the high rate of
afforestation is observed in Mutuntu (58.7%),
Rubengera (42.9%), and Rugabano (42.1%). In
other sectors also, the afforestation surpassed far
thedeforestation duringthelastdecadefrom 2009.
The overall trend is positive with a 12% increase in
forest cover for the past ten years which is about
1.2% of forest gain every year in Karongi district.
Wetlands
Karongi district has many wetlands, which are all
cultivated. According to the Prime Minister Order
No 006/03 of 30/01/2017, some can be used
without specific conditions, other under specific
conditions (Table 4). None of them is listed under
protected wetland, despite that Nyabarongo was
proposed as a RAMSAR Site.

- Very steep
slopes hard for
housing and
infra structure

DENSITY MAP

Karongi SWOT analysis
Figure 03 : SWOTassessment
The Vision of Karongi District is “Towards Socio-
economic model district and trade hub of Western
Province”. This vision will be achieved through
increasing sustainable investments both public and
private in key intervention areas of Tourism, Agriculture,
Trade and improving livelihood of the population of
Karongi District (DDS, 2018 – 2024).
In the context of Karongi District land use master plan,
the main potentialities to be developed as catalytic
projects in the DLUP implementation are the tourism
(MINICOM, 2013), cash crop and trade especially the
cross-border business, in respect with the environment
protection. Therefore, the Karongi DLUP Vision may be
defined as “Karongi cash crop development, lakeshore
tourism (ecotourism) and cross border trade for
sustainable green society”.
To understand the district image, different stakeholders
have been enganged through a series of workshops and
mapping exercises where the issues have been grouped
around three main themes, namely main potentialities,
main issues and expectations from the project study
(table 04). The consultation concerned different key
stakeholders at District, sector and cell level.
Uniqueness
• Cash crop: tea, coffee, macadamia, horticulture
(pineapple, vegetables)
• Tourism and Eco-tourism: lakeshore of Kivu,
islands, mountainous summits (climbing sport…),
NNP
• Cross border business development (pork, goat…)
• Strategic location (middle of Kivu Belt Road,
between Rusizi and Rubavu Districts, Kigali-
Muhanga-Karongi road)

Stakeholders consulted
The preliminary findings through different consultations including the introduction of the consultant team to the district authority by the NLA team , consultations
with every sector ,cell and some villages have been carried out to better understand prliminary finds and draw out the visioning of the district land use master
plan . Consultantions also included the private sector federation , NGOs and local cooperatives. The tables below summarizes the preliminary findings observed,
together with attendance lists and photographs.
Table 04 : Summarized findings from site visit
Potentialities Challenges Expectations
1. Mayor (on 23rd February 2023)
- Tourism - Previous master plans that did not consider actual - Affordable and District oriented Land Use Masterplan
- Agriculture reality of the district
- Manpower
2. President of District Council (on 23rd February 2023)
- Tourism - Unexploited landscapes and resources - Construction of a asphalt road alongside Lake Kivu
- Agriculture between Kivu Belt Road and Lake Kivu, and transversal
roads between the 2 roads
3. Vice Mayor Economic Affairs (on 22nd February 2023)
- Tourism - Unexploited buffer zone - Proper planning of residential sites, not on arable land
- Agriculture - Topography of the District
- People developing buildings on arable land
4. Vice Mayor Social Affairs (on 02nd March 2023)
- Tourism: Lake Kivu, islands, high mountains… - Landslides - Formal settlements
- Master Plan of Water for 25 years - Few roads - Zoning of agricultural lands
- All health centres have WSS - Acidic soil
- Cross border market (especially cattle: pork) - Settlement in high risk
- Cattle, goat, fish - High slopes
- Tea, coffee, maize… - Health facilities to be rehabilitated
- Maize processing
- Fertile soil alongside Lake Kivu
- 3 Tea Factories
- Mining and quarries
- Possible micro hydropower
- NNK
5. E/S of the District (on 02nd March 2023)

- Tourism: Rubengera, Bwishyura, Mubuga and Gishyita - Need of affordable hotels
- Meeting rooms
- Islands not exploited in tourism
- No camping sites on the summits of mountains
- Stadium
- Meeting rooms in some hotels
- Asphalt road alongside Lake Kivu and transversal road
linking this road and Kivu Belt
- All hotels with access to Lake Kivu
- Tourism with recreative activities on Lake Kivu
-Todecrease Lake Kivu Buffer Zone for the tourism
activities
- Extension of Mubuga to the Karongi City (Bwishyura
and Rubengera)
- Aerodrome in Mataraba in Rubengera
- Zoos to be installed
- Other crop to support tea crop
-Grass land (Twumba, Murambi, Gashari, Murundi): to
be identified
- Marshland of Bwishyura: industry zone
6. PSF (on 02nd March 2023)
- Cross border market: pork, goat… - Informal settlement - Awareness of the population (DLUP)
- Vegetables - High growth rate of the population with a low - Typology of dwelling (vertical settlement) in non-
- Lake transport purchasing power
- Big economic operators migrating to other cities:
CoK…
fertile zone
- Zoning of the agricultural zone (agriculture &livestock)
- Intensification of vegetable production
7. JADF (on 02nd March 2023)
- Tourism - Informal settlement - Soil protection
- Lake Kivu - High mountains with steep slopes
- Landslides and erosion caused by heavy rain
- A few radical terraces
- Except alongside Lake Kivu, no high land value
- Migration of Big operators to CoK
- Physical plan, but affordability of the poor
- Training of use of District Land Use Master Plans
8. BDEU (on 02nd March 2023)
- Jobs: Agriculture & livestock, TVETs, markets - Insufficient sources of employment - Increasing works and employments basing on
agriculture and livestock
9. BDEU (on 02nd March 2023)
- Tourism: Lake Kivu, high mountains, Urutare rwa Ndaba… - Affordability of the community - Improve undeveloped touristic sites like Urutare rwa
- Bas tax: - Low own revenue. E.g. financial year 2021/2022: taxes Ndaba
o Tourism
o Trade: markets, cattle
o Quarries
o Transport: parking for motos, boats, vehicles
of 1.2. bn Rwf (Karongi) over 24 bn (National level) - Exploits more tourism and lake Kivu

Sectors specific needs and challenges
Sectors located in a Region alongside Kivu Lake
1. Rubengera (0n 07th March 2023)
- Mataba, Ruragwe and - The available arable land is also a - Remove informal settlements
Kiribirizi have an good choice for accommodations. in Gakomeye Village, Gacaca Cell
outstanding, productive - Land price is very high compared to - Residential sites to be developed a
arable land the neighboring sectors nd upgraded:
- The main crops cultivated are - People migration to Kigali and * Cyoya site in Mataba Cell
banana, beans and maize. Muhanga due to lack of * Gasharu Site in Gacaca Cell
- Touristic Sites (Ibigabiro bya infrastructure * Nyagahinga Site in Ruragwe Cell
Rwabugiri & Urutare rwa Ndaba) - Amaninda (Undergroud water * Kagarama Site in Kibirizi Cell
- Touches Kivu Lake at sources)
Mataba Cell
- Airport is being established
in Mataba Cell
2. Bwishyura (on 01st March 2023)
- Tourism ,- Lake Kivu - Few roads - Affordable masterplan
- 17 Hotels - Informal settlement - Provision of free land for infrastructure
- Trade,- Cross border market - Master Plan: 10 years without change - Making the islands lively and useful
- Fishing - Too expensive purchasing power - Reducing 50m buffer zone
- 3 marshlands - Storm water from steep slopes
- Methane gas - High density
- Kivu Watts - Landslides
- 17 islands - Too large buffer zone of Lake Kivu
- Each cell has a residential site - The city is located within a valley
3. Mubuga (on 01st March 2023)

- 16 km to Bwishyura sector
- TVET ongoing
- Kivu Belt Road
- 4 coffee washing stations
- Cash crop: coffee, macadamia
- Bio coffee washing station (to be constructed)
- Tourism, - Lake Kivu,- 4 hotels ongoing
- 3 Gas Stations
- Playground with possibility of extension
- High density
- Cash crops are undertaking agricultural land
- Unexploited buffer zone
- Lack of recreational areas
-Remove informal settlements in Gakomeye
Village, Gacaca Cell
- Residential sites to be developed and upgraded:
* Cyoya site in Mataba Cell
* Gasharu Site in Gacaca Cell
* Nyagahinga Site in Ruragwe Cell
* Kagarama Site in Kibirizi Cell
4. Gishyita (on 03rd March 2023)
- Hotels
- Islands
- Cross border trade
- Agriculture: coffee, banana, maize, sweet potato,
beans, cassava
- Road network
- Playground & recreative infrastructure
- Cemetery
- Pork of Giseke
- No public toilets at Bus stop
- Wild animals (monkey) destroyingcrop
- DLUP based to the Karongi reality
- Irrigation with gravitationalwater
- Tourism: electicity and water accessing to touristic
areas (open spaces)
-Lake Kivu Buffer zone of 50 meters: comestible
fruits tree
-Electricity / Nursery: Buhoro Cell / Ruhunde
Village
- Ruhanga Site /Mwumvero Site (Ngoma)
- Crop Dryer
Sectors located in a Region having essentially acidic soil
1. Rugabano (0n 28th February 2023)

- Many feeder roads - No forests - A market
- Tea plantation - Insufficient electricity - Public transport establishment
- Rugabano Tea Company
- IDP Model village Rugabano
- Coffee plantation
- Cattle market
- Crete Congo Nil
- Tourism: Rwabisuka site
- Destructed bridges by heavy rainfall
- Rufungo and Mubuga Cells have no schools
- Minerals are not exploited formally
- Develop Rwabisuko Hill into a touristic site
2. Murundi (on 07th March 2023)
- Main subsistence crops include cassava, Maize - Lack of recreational areas - ECDs. Secondary and TVET Schools are needed
and beans. - Lack of residential sites in Bukiro Cell - Agakiriro
- Landscape is not to hilly compared to others - Acidic soil - Bridges connecting villages are highly needed
3. Murambi (on 02nd March 2023)
- Agriculture: cassava, bananas - Bad conditions of roads - Cassava & banana to be developed
- Livestock: pork, - 90% of population in agriculture sector; few - Proposal: veterinary medicine, prok meat trade
- Big market on the side of Ruhango and feeder roads - Suitable for a Town
Nyamagabe Districts
- Low slopes
- Kirinda Hospital
-Nyabarongo River: 2 tributaries (Mwogo &
Mbirurume rivers) → tourism
- No transport agency - Road network inter sectors and toward District
Office Head Quarter
4. Gashari (on 06th March 2023)

- Strategic location (Bordered to 9 other Sectors - Natural minerals that are not exploitedformally - Develop Udukiriro in the region
of Karongi District and to four Districts, Ngororero, - Available transit Center is no longer sufficient - Bridges especially foot bridges
Ruhango, Nyamagabe and Nyamasheke) - Waste collection areas are not established - Bamboo plantations near the rivers because they
- Developed Birambo Center, surrounded by - Banana hardly grow grow well
Kabakobw aand Mashyiga Rivers.
- Artificial forests dominated by Eucalyptus and
Pinus trees
- Natural minerals
- Suitable for highway road
- Teaplantation in Musasa and Birambo Cells
- Uburiri bwa Ruganzu Touristic site
- Musasa Village is suitable for residential site
- Transit Center in Tongati Cell, Mwendo Village
- Livestock dominated by goats. cows, sheep,
rabbits, chicken and dendo are also available
- Less interest inapiculture - Roads that connect villages
- A road that connects Karongi and Ruhango
Districts
- Upgrade and expand the available Transit Center
- A Cemetery is needed
5. Ruganda (on 06th March 2023)
- Hilly landscape - Wasted agricultural production due to lack of - Develop forest
- Pure water distribution is ongoing transportation means to neighboring markets - Use available rivers for irrigation
- High agricultural production of cassava, beans, - Lack of butcheries - Increased number of classrooms within the
maize, banana - Insufficient electricity available schools
- Pigs are available at a high number - Lack of proper roads - Recreational areas are highly needed
- Natural Minerals (Coltan& Gold) - No access to mobile phone network in Nyabikeri, - Agakiriro is highly needed
- Touristic sites notably ( Ku Kibuguzo cya Ruganzu, Rugobagoba, and Biguhu Cells - A factory that possesses banana products
Budiridiri and Mbirurume River)
- A TVET school planned to be built in Rubona
Sector
- IDP Model Village
- Available soil is more acidic, hence fertilizers are
highly needed.
- Milk collection points
Sectors located in a Region of High slopes

1. Twumba (0n 07th March 2023)
- Gakuta, Gisovu and Rushishi markets - Gisovu market is not sheltered - A new market is needed as the production is very
- Touches Nyungwe forest at Gisovu and Gakuta - Livestock is not developed high
Cells - Increasing deforestation to plant cash crops - Develop a recreational area
- Potatoes, beans and peas crops especially Tea
- Teaand coffee cash crops - Lack of proper roads
- Gisovu TeaFactory and headquarter of tea - Electricity is still at 13%
planters cooperatives - Landslides in Rutabi Cell
- 95% of households have at least a domestic
animal
- RAB Center that prepares potatoes seeds
- Congo-Nile Trail
- Mining in Gakuta, Rutabi, Kavumu and Gisovu
cells
- Pure water distribution is ongoing
2. Mutuntu (on 06th March 2023)
- Maize, beans, tea and potatoes crops - High scattered houses -• Establish a public transport facility
- High slopes landscape - cold and rainy climate • Roads and bridges
- Residential site built for Genocide survivors, and - Few infrastructures compared to other sectors • Electricity
an IDP Model Village - Transport • Slaughterhouse
- Touches Nyungwe forest, in Kiyonzwe and - Only Byogo Cell have electricity among 7 cells of
Kanyege cells, and borders to Nyamagabe District the sector
- Many waters source - Insufficient Veterinary pharmacies
- Mukungu Hydro-power plant - Insufficient animal foods
- Livestock, dominated by pigs. Cows, goats, sheep, - No touristic sites. Few people come to Nyungwe
chicken and rabbits are also available Forest
- Contribute (more than 400 pigs weekly) to the - Low internet accessibility
cross-border market - Unsheltered markets
- Apiculture - Only two health posts works among four available
posts
3. Rwankuba (on 03rd March 2023)

-Observation of Kivu Lake, Idjwi Island, DRC, Muhanga
and Gisenyi District, standing in the sector
- Bisesere Genocide Memorial neighbors the sector
- Tea plantation
- Divided between hot and cold climate areas
- Congo-Nile Crest
- Good natural landscape
- Gitake natural forest
- Strong winds on Mont Karongi
- Minerals
- Lack unproper roads
- Landslides
- More acidic soil hence fertilizers are needed
- Strong winds on Mont Karongi
- Thunders
- No cemetery
- Tourism development
- High hills sports
-Considering not only topography but also soil
type while establishing residential sites
- A factory that processes eucalyptus leaves
- A TVET school
- A hospital
4. Gitesi (on 01st March 2023)
- Teaand coffee plantation
- Karongi Tea Factory
- 1 coffee washing station
- Minerals
- Each Cell has a school
- Though agriculture is the main economic activity
of the Sector, the agriculture land is not well
protected
- Creating residential sites with easily visible
physical boundaries

SWOT analysis can be summarized as below:
Strength
Kivu belt road making Karongi a central node of
tourism trajctory between kigali city , Rusizi and
Rubavu districts
Cash crop farming especially tea and coffee as
speciality of the District
weakness
Poor connevity within the district and with the
rest of the surrounding such as Nyungwe national
Park and other districts around Karongi due to
lack of roads and related infrastructure
Opportunity
Presence of Kivu lake access and the uniqueness
of many islands favorable for tourism and
ecological conservations to boost coastal tourism
and maritime stransportation to link the district
with the neighbouring DRC and other districts
along Kivu lake , Nyamasheke , Rusizi , Rubavu and
Rutsiro In addtion to the presence of Lake Kivu ,
Karongi has oportunity of hiking and mountain
climbing tourism due to the presence of hilltops
and elevated topography favorable for hiking and
mountain climbing tourism.
Threats
Steep topography associated to landslides
hindering agriculture developments and
residential infrastructures,
Landscape that cannot allow machinery,
Acidic soil,
Limited agriculture modern facilities,

Table 05: The table below summarizes detailed SWOT analysis of the District
SECTORS Strengths Weaknesses Opportunity Threats
Transport • Kivu Belt project (Rusizi- • Unpaved and not well- • Construction of Kivu Belt Road • Topographic condition
Nyamasheke-Karongi-Rutsiro- maintained roads (Murundi (Rusizi, Nyamasheke, Karongi, that destroys the roads
Rubavu road) to Murambi, Murundi to Rutsiro and Rubavu) that link and raise the costs of
• Paved Roads that link Karongi Gashari, Murundi toUwitongo our district to the neighboring roads construction and
District to other parts of and Gashari, Rugabano to country DRC maintenance
the country (Ngororero, Murundi) • Stakeholders in roads • Landslides that destroy the
Muhanga, and Kigali) • Unprotected buffer road construction RMF (Road roads
• Unpaved roads that link • Insufficient financial means Maintenance Funds)
Karongi District to Ruhango for roads construction and • Existence of transport policy
and Nyamagabe District and maintenance
connecting some sectors and • Unmaintained roads
cells. • Few modern car stations
• Local cooperatives for road • Insufficient transport means
maintenances in sectors
• Lake Kivu (Water transport) • Lack of developed port
• Developed transport agencies • Water transport in Lake Kivu
• Petrol station not well developed
• Driving school
Water and • Availability of water sources in • Unexploited sources of water • District partners that can • Erosion that destroys the
Sanitation more places • Poor management of the provide water to people water sources and pipelines.
• Existence of water existing water pipelines (NGOs) • Insufficiency of water
conveyance • Limited access to clean water • Political will suppliers
• Local cooperatives for water
management

Energy • Kivu Watt Project (Methane • Some sector offices without • Rwanda Energy Group • Cut off electricity power
Gas) electricity (Rugabano, • Private companies which during the rain period
• Existence of gridlines (High, Mutuntu) operate in solar energy • Uncontrolled intensity
Medium and lower) • Low accessibility to electricity system of electricity that causes
• Availability of companies that • Low purchasing power of • Sufficient availability sun for a different damage
provides solar energy electricity maximum use of solar system • Low purchasing power
• Enough methane gas that can • Few electrical gridlines to
increase electricity capacity serve the electricity
production
ICT • Many companies in • Few network infrastructures • Many communication • Weak network
Communication and ICT • Insufficient materials for Companies
• Availability of communication communications. • Partners in ICT (RDB and
materials and tools • Unawareness about the others)
• Use of social media district website
• District website • Low skills on ICT
• Development of ICT in schools
Private • Availability of Markets, Hotels, • Poor Service delivery • PPD (Public Private Dialogue) • Fraud
Sector PSF, Agakiriro, Cross border • No appropriate infrastructure • Good policy that promote • Informal business
Development market, BDS, BDA • Low business spirit investors
and Youth • Insufficient selling point
Employment • Increasing number of jobless
especially youth
• VTC’s and TVET’s • Few building of Agakiriro, they • Political will • Limited access to finance
• Agakiriro should be in all sectors • Public works institution
• Cross border market • No stadium and other • Different partners • High interest rate
• Hotels entertaining places • Existence of PSF
• Availability of market • Few clients • Existence of BDF
• Financial institutions • Low cooperation between
• Lake Kivu (Methane gas, investors and local producers.
Isambaza)
• Young population

• Availability of arable land
• Rivers that can be used in
Irrigation system
• Varieties of crop
• Sufficient water
• Coffee washing stations
• Financial institutions that
finance agriculture projects
• Good climate
• Availability of Minerals and
quarries
• Availability of natural and
artificial forests
• Unexploited land
• Unskilled farmers
• Low number of farmers
accessing finance
• Low Production (Subsistence
agriculture, lack of inputs,
• No Agriculture map
• Poor post-harvest
technologies- Farmers are
disorganized-
• Few numbers of technicians
• No agriculture research
- Unskilled personnel in
coordination in agriculture at
grass root level
• Poor water harvesting-
Limited value addition for
agriculture product- Few
market oriented- agriculture
• Few agricultural units of
transformation, Deforestation,
and environmental
degradation
• Good climate condition
• Good policy and strategies
of agriculture Subsidies
(improved seeds, inorganic
fertilizers)
• Favorable agricultural Season
information
• Agriculture Advisory services
Political will
• Existence of environmental
Policy
• Availability of agriculture
infrastructures (feeder roads,
terraces, warehouses, dryers.)
• Cross-border trade of
agriculture commodities with
DR Congo through Kivu belt
road and kivu lake
• Active population (Majority of
the district population is rural
youth in agribusiness
• Landscape that cannot allow
machinery
• Acidic soil-Limited agriculture
modern facilities
• Delay and no availabilities of
subsidies
• Natural disaster
• Soil erosion
• Climate change
Cash crops • Suitable lands for traditional
export crops
• Suitable topography
• Conducive environment
• Coffee washingstations
• Unexploited land favorable for
such crops
• Soil erosion
• Unskilled labor
• Poor infrastructure
• Advanced political will for
export crops and European
market
• Available policies to prevent
erosion through radical and
progressive terraces
• Available stakeholders
providing professional
trainings
• Existing financial institutions
supporting the sector
• Prevalence of pests and
diseases
• Limited agribusiness skills
• Lack of enough capital
• Absence of local market

Agroforestry • Political will to provide • High investment costs and • Favorable environmental • Premature exploitation due to
environmental services access to tree seeds and conditions higher needs
• Higher demand for fodder seedlings • Extension services in the • Prevalence of soil erosion and
and stakes for animals and • Inadequate extension services sector land slides
crops respectively and limited farmer knowledge • Climate changes
• Land use intensification • Competition with other food
and cash crops
Livestock • Good climate for livestock • Insufficient land for livestock • Good policies and strategic • Frequent landslides and few
• Existence of pastures in keeping planning on livestock investors in the sector
certain sectors such as Gashali • Few or no feed factories in development • Limited feeds diversification
and Twumba some areas • Innovative livestock and animal diseases
• Available market due to cross • Rudimentary animal husbandry techniques like • Price fluctuation in different
border trade husbandry techniques Artificial insemination, cross- markets
breeding,..
• Increased trade with
neighboring secondarycities
(Rubavu&Rusizi) via Kivu belt
road and lake Kivu
Fishing • Access to lake Kivu • Overfishing, water pollution, • Prevalence of stakeholders • Uncontrolled and premature
No value addition for fish fishing, law quality fish
Environment • Rivers that can be used in • Good climate condition • Delay and no availabilities of
and Natural irrigation system • Season information Subsidies
Resources • Sufficient water • Advisory services • Natural disaster
• Good climate • Responsive leadership
• Availability minerals and • Political will
quarries • Existence of Environmental
• Availability of natural and Policy
artificial forests
Urbanization • Existence of the land use • Poor and unplanned • Government will to enforce • Topography is very difficult
and Rural master plan settlement schemes both in implementation of master for the infrastructure
settlement • Existing design of the IDP urban and rural areas plans development
model villages • Limited of access to basic • Development of the IDP • Landslides which affects
• Developed road net infrastructures (Water, model villages agriculture
electricity etc) • Availability of different • Climate shocks due to poor
• Very little involvement of the stakeholders environment and natural
private sector resources management

Financial • Introduction of Saving • Resistance to change • Well-developed financial • High interest rate
Sector schemes across the district • High Default risk sector policy • Majority of financial
development • Introduction of e-banking • Un digitalized systems used in • Financial schemes designed institutions do not operate in
• Existence of the Credit and SACCOs for vulnerable people rural areas
savings schemes • Very limited agricultural
financial support
Education • Education for all (12 Years • No sufficient TVT and VTC • Partners to provide tool kits • Use of drugs
Basic Education) • Less teaching materials in (REB, World Vision...) • Negative use of ICT
• Availability of schools Vocation training centre • Good policy on skills • High rate of teenage
infrastructures • High dropout rate and development pregnancy (4%)
• Existence of a few number of transition • Political will
TVET’S and VTC’S • Irresponsibility of parents
• Big number of student in class
• Insufficient financial means
to rehabilitate schools
infrastructure
Health • Good management and • High rate of poverty • Various Government support • Limited resources from the
delivery of the Government • Limited finances for vulnerable people Government to support all
support • Different problems for the requirements
• Different stakeholders to vulnerable people (housing,
support vulnerable people food, fees, health...)
• Different schemes designed • Insufficient staff to monitor
for the poor social protection program
Social • Lake Kivu • Undeveloped touristic site • Islands in Lake Kivu • No tourism development and
Protection • Touristic sites (Urutare • Insufficient entertainment • Napoleon hat Island marketing strategies
rwa Ndaba, Ibigabiro bya grounds and materials • Good political will
Rwabugiri, Nile Source…) • Unavailability of stadium • Support of RDB for site
• No Sport centers development
Sport, • Local leaders’ structures in • Lack of enough staff • Government structure on • Some of external supports
Culture and place • Lack of day to day follow-up Government in place not reaching the most rural
tourism • Communication is effective • Resistance to change by • Decentralized policy in place people
• Internal capacities are people
developed • Insufficient infrastructures
• Participation of people in (Offices, internet, etc.)
decision making process
• JADF in place

Performance Indicators and
Assessment Tools
Technical assessment is based on factual data
derived from surveys, official publications and
records of the national agencies concerned and
other entities. Assessment involves the use of
indicators such as proportions, rates, frequency,
quality/condition (e.g. severity, critical, etc.),
standards and other parameters that are vital in
characterizing the situations.
The result of the situation analysis will hopefully
bring out a tailored specification of data that
answers to the special requirement for
sustainable development .The consultation will
also trigger the search –for data’ activity and the
secondary source data custodians should then be
approached as early as possible in order to get
all necessary information required for this step as
the search and acquisition for the data is usually
a lengthy process.
Performance indicators can be developed in line
with national visions and targets to assess the
implementation of DLUP based on the existing
situation according to the national or District
priorities. Performance indicators can be
developed in line with national visions and targets
to assess the existing situation of the respective
District according to the national priorities.
The table below illustrates some of the key
indicators and assessment tools that can be used
in a District context.
The criteria for the indicator can be exemplified
in the following way:
Figure 05.
: Sector needs assessment

Table 07: Thematic Groups methodology
THEMATIC
GROUP
DATA TYPE SOURCE OF INFO
APPROACH OF
COLLECTION
ANALYSIS STRATEGY
OUTCOME/CONTRIBUTION TO THE
DLUP REPORT
Agriculture
- Agricultural land - Spatial • PSF
• MINAGRI
• RAB
• NISR
• District
• NLA/ GIS
Database
• Stakeholders
• NLUMP
• GIS Expert/
Agronomist
- Mapping
- Desk review
- FGD
- Questionnaire
- Field visit
- Pairwise ranking
- Crop/animal suitability
analysis
- Interconnectivity
- Suitability analysis (Soil & Crops)
- Balance sheet (Proposed)/ Single
layer
- Land use monitoring & Evaluation
tools
- Land use compliance format
-Stakeholders & Community
Engagement plan
- Agricultural production - Non spatial
- Spatial distribution and
land consumption
- Spatial
- Housing andrural
settlements
- Spatial &
nonspatial
- Agrotourism - Spatial &
nonspatial

THEMATIC
GROUP
APPROACH OF
COLLECTION
ANALYSIS STRATEGY
DLUP REPORT
Society
- Housing andUrban
settlements
- Spatial RHA
NISR
PSF
District
NLA/ GIS
Stakeholders
NLUMP
MINALOC
MINEDUC
MINISANTE
RDB &REMA
Social-Economist/
GIS Expert/ Urban
planner
- Mapping
- Desk review
- FGD
- Questionnaire
- Field visit
-Examining the socio-
cultural, institutional,
financed operations.
- Toexamine urban issues
- Site selection and
suitability
-Correlation of the
population per age
and rate of total
enrolment in order
to propose the future
number of facilitiesper
level according to the
standards of MINEDUC
-Analysis of the impact
of the FBOs in order
to predict the socio-
economic activities
-Correlation of the
mortality growth rateand
the population, in order
to plan the cemeteries
land
- Population projection
- Visioning of the District
- Socio-economicissues
- Integrated zoning plan
- Land use balance sheet
-Public facilities & Utilities network
plans
- Interconnectivity
-Urban landscaping & Housing design
& 3D animation
- Zoning plans
- Physical plans of selected & approved
sites
- Implementation plans
- Need assessment & Capacitybuilding
Engagement plan
- Proposed Balance sheet/ single layer
- Tourism/ services - Spatial &
nonspatial
- Health - Spatial &
nonspatial
- Education - Spatial &
nonspatial
- Demography - Spatial &
nonspatial
- Physical planning - Spatial

THEMATIC
GROUP
APPROACH OF
COLLECTION
ANALYSIS STRATEGY
DLUP REPORT
Economy - Macro-economy - Non spatial PSF
MINICOM
MINECOFIN
NLA
RDB &REMA
RTDA
MINIFRA
WASAC/REG
District
Stakeholders
NISR
Social-Economist/
Urban planner/
GIS Expert/
Civil Engineer/
Environmentalist
- Mapping
- Desk review
- FGD
- Questionnaire
- Field visit
-Projection of the
number of annual
tourists, the monetary
income and the jobs
created
-The growth rate willbe
based on the economy
growth (GDP) of the
Karongi District, and
quality and quantity of
meat
- Economic specialization of District
- Visioning
- Integrated zoning plan
- Land use Balance sheet
- Conceptual transport plan &
Management strategy
- Interconnectivity with neighboring
areas
-Existing & Catalytic economic
development projects
-Tourism & cultural heritage analysis
(Existing & proposed)
Engagement plan
- Proposed balance sheet/ single layer
- Industry and trade - Spatial &
nonspatial
- Mineral deposit & Gas - Spatial
- Tourism/ Infrastructure - Spatial &
nonspatial
- Land/ Water/ Air transport - Spatial &
nonspatial
- Energy & ICT & Water &
Gas
- Spatial
- Physical planning - Non spatial

THEMATIC
GROUP
APPROACH OF
COLLECTION
ANALYSIS STRATEGY
DLUP REPORT
Environment - Mineral deposit & Gas - Spatial &
nonspatial
MIDIMAR
RAB
REMA
NLA
MINAGRI
RWB
Stakeholders
District
PSF
Environmentalist/
Social-Economist/
Urban planner/GIS
Expert/
Meteo Rwanda
- Mapping
- Desk review
- FGD
- Questionnaire
- Field visit
- ArcGIS to analyzeand
generate maps
- Interconnectivity with neighboring
areas
-Identify environmental sensitive &
Disaster-prone areas and proposal for
mitigation measures
(Disaster mapping)
-Proposal for developing slope
between 30-55%
-Identify zones above 55% to be
allocated for afforestation.
-Tourism & cultural heritage analysis
(Existing & proposed)
-Storm water and waste management
plans
-Green & resilient infrastructure
proposals
- Proposed balance sheet/ single layer
Engagement plan
- Green DLUP and Strategic
Environmental assessment
- Tourism (List and location
of attraction sites)
- Spatial &
nonspatial
- Nature (List and locations
of wetlands, forests and
water resources)
- Non spatial
- Biodiversity/Natural
values protection
- Non spatial
- Environment quality - Spatial &
nonspatial
- Rainfall - Non spatial
- Land use/ Land cover - Spatial/
nonspatial
- Population settlement and
urban growth
- spatial/
nonspatial
- Type and quantity of
wastes
- Non spatial
- Natural hazards and risks - Spatial

KARONGI DISTRICT LAND USE
AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Preliminary findings

7
Economic
specialization
of karongi

7
KARONGI DISTRICT LAND
USE AND DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING
VISION AND ECONOMIC
SPECIALIZATION OF KARONGI DISTRICT
VISION OF KARONGIDISTRICT
According the Vision of Karongi District is “Towards
Socio-economic model district and trade hub of
Western Province”. This vision will be achieved
through increasing sustainable investments both
public and private in key intervention areas of
Tourism, Agriculture, Trade and improving
livelihood of the population of Karongi District
(DDS, 2018 – 2024).
In the context of Karongi District land use master
plan, the main potentialities to be developed as
catalytic projects in the DLUP implementation are
the tourism (MINICOM, 2013), cash crop and
trade especially the cross-border business, in
respect with the environment protection.
Therefore, the Karongi DLUP Vision may be
defined as “Karongi cash crop development,
lakeshore tourism (ecotourism) and cross border
trade for sustainable green society”.
In this regard, Karongi district has a vision to
become “sustainable Green coastal tourism ”.
This vision will be achieved through the
implementation of Government Policies, service
delivery and support to sectors to deliver quality
services, especially with regard to the
implementation of the land use plan. With Karongi
DLUP, the formulated objectives are specific,
measurable, appropriate, realistic & achievable,
and time bound (SMART).
Photo 3 : Fishing in KivuLake

GeneralVision
“Green and circular economy based on eco-
tourism, cross border trade, light industry
development and cash crop development by a
healthy, well educated and highly skilled, labor
force, gainfully employed.”
Thematic Group Vision
Agriculture
“efficient agriculture land use; increased access
to agriculture finance and risk sharing facilities;
modern market-oriented horticulture and cash
cro production.”
Society
l “a healthy, well educated and highly skilled
labor force that is gainfully employed.”
Economy
“Cross border trade development; Kivu lakeshore
tourism; light industry development; ease of
mobility; and efficient transportatio .”
Environment
“Green and circular economy; protected natural
resources, Eco-tourism, and sustainable
development.”

Photo 4: Teaplantation Photo 5: Chapeau de NapoleonIsland Photo 6: Kivulakeshore

POPULATION,
URBANIZATION, SETTLEMENT
AND HOUSING(PUSH)
Population
Existing population
The total population of Karongi District is 373,869
which has the share of 2.8% of the national
population of 13,246,394, and 12.9% of the
Western Province with 2,896,394 inhabitants as
at December 2022 (NISR/PHC5, 2022).
The 4 Sectors along side the Late Kivu, namely
Rubengera, Bwishyura, Mubuga and Gishyita has
a population growth greater than the district
level, as well as Gitesi and Twumba. The main
reason is the touristic destination.
Table 08 : Change of density of the population of Western Province, Karongi District and its sectors
between 2012 and 2022
Rwanda 13,246,394 6,429,326 6,817,068 3,701,245 9,545,149 100.0% 503
Western
Province
2,896,484 1,384,635 1,511,849 640,307 2,256,177 21.9% 693
Karongi 373,869 178,417 195,452 33,542 340,327 2.8% 482
Rutsiro 369,180 176,498 192,682 20,606 348,574 2.8% 565
Rubavu 546,683 267,299 279,384 294,448 252,235 4.1% 1,614
Ngororero 367,955 171,065 196,890 18,142 349,813 2.8% 551
Nyamasheke 434,221 204,858 229,363 33,377 400,844 3.3% 632
Rusizi 485,529 236,426 249,103 162,165 323,364 3.7% 871
Nyabihu 319,047 150,072 168,975 78,027 241,020 2.4% 642
Province/
District
Count
Population
share (%of
total popu-
"Population
density
lation) (people/
km2)"
Both sexes Male Female Urban Rural Both sexes
Source: NISR/RPHC5, 2022

Table 15 : Population projection up to 2050
Description units Year 2022 Year 2025 Year 2030 Year 2035 Year 2040 Year 2045 Year 2050
Population 373,869 400,264 448,461 502,461 562,964 630,753 706,703
Density (persons/km2) inhabitants/ km2 474 508 569 637 714 800 896
Total area/person ha 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.11
Total area/HH ha 0.86 0.81 0.72 0.64 0.57 0.51 0.46
Agricultural area/HH ha 0.36 0.34 0.30 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.19
are 36 34 30 27 24 22 19
m2 3,641 3,401 3,036 2,709 2,418 2,158 1,926
Length of land (m)x
Width (m)
100 100 m x 36m 100 m x 34m 100 m x 30m 100 m x 27m 100 m x 24m 100 m x 21m 100 m x 19m
Source: NISR/RPHC5 (2022) adapted by Consultant
Table 16 : Population projection per sector
Sector Area (km2) Year 2022 Year 2025 Year 2030 Year 2035 Year 2040 Year 2045 Year 2050
Bwishyura 46.21 40,720 43,595 48,844 54,726 61,315 68,699 76,971
Gashari 54.35891529 21,263 22,764 25,505 28,576 32,017 35,873 40,192
Gishyita 44.16 23,687 25,359 28,413 31,834 35,667 39,962 44,774
Gitesi 75.48328054 29,312 31,381 35,160 39,394 44,137 49,452 55,407
Mubuga 37.02 23,455 25,111 28,135 31,522 35,318 39,571 44,336
Murambi 50.6158014 22,374 23,954 26,838 30,070 33,690 37,747 42,292
Murundi 65.82240483 27,236 29,159 32,670 36,604 41,011 45,950 51,483
Mutuntu 64.15607269 25,652 27,463 30,770 34,475 38,626 43,277 48,489
Rubengera 47.34 40,337 43,185 48,385 54,211 60,739 68,052 76,247
Rugabano 75.63463357 34,207 36,622 41,032 45,973 51,508 57,710 64,660
Ruganda 59.53825655 19,132 20,483 22,949 25,712 28,809 32,278 36,164
Rwankuba 69.73980356 38,286 40,989 45,925 51,454 57,650 64,592 72,370
Twumba 98.58747668 28,208 30,199 33,836 37,910 42,475 47,590 53,320
Karongi District 788.6666451 373,869 400,264 448,461 502,461 562,964 630,753 706,703

The following table also describe the type of
housing units used by private households, which
clearly indicated that most households live in
planned rural settlements and in dispersed
housing. Hence, a proper planning strategy is
required to maximize planned settlements.
Table 18: Distribution (%) of the private
households by type of habitat
Type of habitat Rate (100%)
Umudugudu (planned rural 56.9%
settlement)
Integrated Model Village 1.4%
Old settlements 1.4%
Dispersed/ Isolated housing 33.2%
Modern planned urban 0.2%
housing
Spontaneous/ Squatter 3.6%
housing
Other type of housing 3.3%
Table 19: Distribution of the private housing
units by tenure of household.
Tenure of household Rate (100%)
Owner 80.8%
Tenant 10.7%
Hire purchase 0.1%
Free lodging 5%
Staff housing 0.5%
settlement
Temporary camp or 2.7%
Other o.3%
From the table below, Most of households
(80.8%) own their houses, and only a few (10.7%)
rent.
In addition to the housing facilities, households
have improved toilet facilities at the rate of
78.2%. Most people use unshared pit latrine with
constructed floor toilet, and the diagram below
illustrates the other used toilet facilities, and
their usage rate.
Construction Materials
More houses are built in earth bricks or trees and
mud, in between blocks from sand and cement,
roofs with wooden construction, and many
imported materials such as iron sheet , paints
and steel.
The following diagrams below summarizes
construction materials used from floor and walls
up to the roof. They also summarize the type of
toilet facilities used by the households.
7.OTHER
6. SHARED PIT LATRINE WITHOUT CONSTRUCTED SLAB
5. NOT SHARED PIT LATRINE WITHOUT…
4. SHARED PIT LATRINE WITH CONSTRUCTED SLAB
3. NOT SHARED PIT LATRINE WITH CONSTRUCTED…
2. SHARED FLUSH TOILET/ WC SYSTEM
1. NOT SHARED FLUSH TOILET/ WC SYSTEM
0 20 40 60 80
1. Notshared
flush toilet/
WC system
2. Shared flush
toilet/ WC
system
3. Not shared
pit latrine with
constructed
floorslab
4. Shared pit
latrine with
constructed
slab
5. Not shared
pit latrine
without
constructed
slab
6. Shared pit
latrine without
constructed
slab
7. Other
Percentage 2.2 0.5 74.9 13 6.4 1 2
TYPE OF TOILET FACILITIES
Figure 09 : Toilet facilities

2. LOCAL TILES
3. INDUSTRIAL TILES
4. ASBESTOS
5. CONCRETE
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
2. Local tiles 3. Industrial tiles 4. Asbestos 5. Concrete
Percentage 54.2 0.2 0 0
ROOF MATERIALS
9. NOTSTATED
8.OTHER
7. BURNTBRICKS
6.TIMBER
5.STONE
4. CEMENT BLOCKS/ CONCRETE
3. SUN DRIEDBRICKS
2. WOOD WITH MUD ANDCEMENT
1. WOOD WITH MUD WITHOUTCEMENT
0 20 40 60 80 100
1.Wood
withmud
without
cement
2.Wood
withmud
and
cement
3. Sun
dried
bricks
4.Cement
blocks/
concrete
5. Stone 6. Timber
7. Burnt
bricks
8. Other
9.Not
stated
Percentage 5.1 0 91 0 0.4 0 1.7 0.6 0.6
WALLS MATERIALS
9.OTHER
8.CEMENT
7. CERAMIC/ CLAYS/ GRANITE TILES
6. WOODENFLOOR
5. BURNTBRICKS
4.STONES
3.CONCRETE
2. DUNGHARDENED
1. EARTH
0 20 40 60 80
1. Earth
2. Dung
hardened
3.Concret
e
4. Stones
5. Burnt
bricks
6.
Wooden
floor
7.
Ceramic/
Clays/
Granite
tiles
8.Cement 9. Other
Percentage 77.1 2.3 0 0.5 0.6 0 0.4 19.1 0
FLOOR MATERIALS
Figure 10 : Floormaterials
Figure 12 : Roof materials
Figure 11 : Wallmaterials

Existing Housing Typologies
The existing condition of houses in Karongi
urban areas have basic typology that has been
an edifice, most commonly beehive-shaped,
made of mud bricks and poles, and covered with
thatch. The following photos were taken during
our field visits as reflected below:
Photos 7 : Housing in Karongi District

KARONGI
NYAMAGABE
NYAMASHEKE
RUTSIRO
RUHANGO
NGORORERO
MUHANGA
Gishyita Gitesi
Twumba
Mubuga
Bwishyura
Murundi
Rubengera
Mutuntu
Rugabano
Gashari
Rwankuba
Ruganda
Murambi
Mubuga
Shyembe
Birambo
Mugonero
Karongi urban boundary
Legend
Rurban_areas
Karongi_urban_boundaries
Karongi_rural_settlements
Sector_boundaries
NYANZA
KARONGI_DISTRICT
5
0 2,5005,000 10,000 Meters
Map 07. Urban, rurban and ruralareas

TRANSPORTATION
Existing situation
In Karongi district has different transportation
(land, marine and air transports) that
provide accessibility within the district,
neighborhood district and the country as well.
Land Transport (Roads)
karongi district like other remaining districts have
different road categories that enhance
easy transport and provide connectivity
within the district or neighbor with the
other district or city of are
road classes located
Kigali the following
in Karongi district:
• National roads:
1. National unpaved Road with NR12 connected
Karongi and Nyamagabe Districts with trajectory
of Kitabi-Musebeya-Twumba-Gishyita
.This NR12 has 31.067 Km length and 22m buffer
at each side from the center of the road.
2.National Paved Road with NR11 connected
Rusizi,Nyamasheke,Karongi,Rutsiro and Rubavu
Districts with trajectory of Ruhwa-Bugarama-
Rusizi - Buhinga - Karongi - Rutsiro - Rubavu. This
NR11 has 254.079 Km length and 22m buffer at
each side from the center of the road.
3.National Unpaved Road with NR14 connected
Nyamagabe, Nyanza and Karongi Districts with
trajectory of Gasaka-Cyanika-
Musange-Mutuntu-Rwankuba-Bwishyura. This
NR14 has 66.682 km length and 22m buffer at
4. National Unpaved Road with NR7 connected
Kamonyi,Ruhango and Karongi Districts with
trajectory of Rugobagoba - Kinazi - Ruhango-
Gitwe-Buhanda-Kirinda-Birambo-Kayenzi. This
5. National Paved Road with NR15 connected
Muhanga,Ngororero and Karongi Districts with
trajectory of Muhanga - Nyange-Rubengera. This
each side from the center of the road. According
to the road survey, 54% of the road are in good
condition. The part from Rambura to Rubengera
is in urban rehabilitation.
6. National Paved Road with NR11 connected
Rusizi, Nyamasheke, Rubavu, Rutsiro and
Karongi Districts with trajectory of Ruhwa-
Bugarama- Rusizi - Karongi - Rutsiro - Rubavu.
This NR11 has 48.220km length and 22m buffer
at each side from the center of the road
• District Road class 1:
1. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR
10 connected Nyamasheke and Karongi with
trajectory of Kanjongo-Kagano-Rangiro-Karambi-
Mahembe. This DR10 has 11.669 Km length and
12mbufferateachsidefromthecenteroftheroad.
2.
DR 13
District Unpaved road class 1 with
provided accessibility within the
district with trajectory of Rwankuba - Bigugu
- Gitabura - Ngoma - Kigarama - Buhoro. This
DR13 has 35.393 Km length and 12m buffer at
3. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR 14
provided accessibility within the district with
trajectory of Ryaruhanga-Murangara. This
provided accessibility within the district with
trajectory of Rugabano-Gitesi-Kayenzi. This
connectedNyamagabeandKarongiwithtrajectory
of Gashari-Ruganda-Mugano-Kaduha-Kibilizi-
Gasaka. This DR16 has 17.679 Km length and 12m
buffer at each side from the center of the road.
6. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR
17 connected Ngororero and Karongi with
trajectory of Nsibo-Kamina-Mubuga-Nyarunyinya.
This DR16 has 25.275 Km length and 12m buffer
at each side from the center of the road.
7. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR21 with
trajectory of Nyarugenge-Kagusa-Kageyo-
Kabona-Muyira.ThisDR21has1.192 Kmlengthand
12mbufferateachsidefromthecenteroftheroad.
• Unclassified Roads
Karongi district has other roads called unclassified
roads because they were not categorized either
in National roads, District road class 1&2.

2. Marine Transport (Lake and River)
Karongi is one of the district touches on lake kivu
where boats are mostly used to transport goods
and people from one place to another. Another
side, people living nearby Nyabarongo river is
used to transport good and people from one
place to another. Moreover, this river is also used
as leisure using boats to transport people.
3. Air Transport
There are currently 7 functioning airfields in
Rwanda; two international airport and five local
aerodomes. Kigali International Airport is the
main airport, located in the capital city of Kigali.
It is the country’s main gateway, connecting
domestic and international destinations. Kigali
International Airport is said to have reached its
maximum capacity and a new airport is currently
being built tocomplementKigaliAirport. Bugesera
AirportislocatedinEasternProvince. This
international airport is set to become Rwanda’s
largest airport, handling one million passengers
and 150 million tons of cargo annually with
additional capacity expected at later phases. In
karongi has existing aerodrome which locate in
Bwishyura sector and kibuye cell.
4. Ports
Figure 13. Proposed design of Karongi Port
Source: Sellhorn; Netherlands Enterprise Agency

KARONGI
NYAMAGABE
NYAMASHEKE
RUTSIRO
NGORORERO
RUHANGO
NYANZA
MUHANGA
Gishyita
Gitesi
Twumba
Mubuga
Bwishyura
Murundi
Rubengera
Mutuntu
Rugabano
Gashari
Rwankuba
Ruganda
Murambi
DR
10
Nyabarongo
Musogoro
Mashyiga
Nyabahanga
Munzanga
Muregeya
Kirimbi
Legend
Name
Droneport
Ñ
º
Marineport
Karongi Boat Docking Area
Existing Roads
District Road Class 1
District Road Class 2
National Road
Other road
KARONGI_BIG_RIVERS
KARONGI_WATER_BODY
5
0 3,100 6,200 12,400 Meters
Map 08. Existing transportationnetworks

PUBLIC FACILITIES and
Services
Education facilities
Karongi District has many education infrastructure
although the upgrading of some of them is
necessary. In addition, the equipement is to be
improved in terms of quantity and quality. During
the survey, a modern TVET will be constructed in
Mubuga Sector.
This summary shows the need for planning other
infrastructure to take into account the projection
of the population in term- and long term. At
primary level, the attendance rate is between
91% and 96.8% while in secondary level, the rate
varies between 66.6% and 82.6%.
Table 20 : Synthesis of number of level of schools by Sector
1 Bwishyura 0 9 4 4 0 1
2 Gishari 0 5 2 4 0 0
3 Gishyita 1 9 3 4 0 0
4 Gitesi 3 8 0 3 0 0
5 Mubuga 0 3 4 6 0 0
6 Murambi 0 7 1 3 3 0
7 Murundi 1 6 1 5 4 0
8 Mutuntu 0 6 2 2 0 0
9 Rubengera 1 9 6 4 2 1
10 Rugabano 0 10 1 2 0 0
11 Ruganda 0 9 1 3 0 0
12 Rwankuba 0 8 1 4 0 0
13 Twumba 0 11 1 4 0 0
TOTAL 6 100 27 48 9 2
S/N Sector
Pre-
primary
Primary Secondary
Primary /
Secondary
(GS)
IPRC Tertiary
Source: Spatial survey (2023)
4.4.2. Health facilities

Map 09. Existingschools

Map 10. Existing healthfacilities

The bad road conditions are detriment to the access to the health facilities. The prevalence of medical
insurance among the population with/without disability at District level is 97.8% (PHC5, 2022). Below is
the summarized list of all existing health facilities and the annex 5 provides more information about the
location of those facilities.
Table 21 : Synthesis of number of level of Health facilities by Sector, Cell and Village
S/N Sector Family Health Post Health District
Reference
Health Posts Centre Hospitals Hospital
1 Bwishyura 0 2 1 0 1
2 Gishari 1 2 2 0 0
3 Gishyita 0 5 2 1 0
4 Gitesi 0 1 2 0 0
5 Mubuga 0 2 2 0 0
6 Murambi 0 1 1 1 0
7 Murundi 0 3 1 0 0
8 Mutuntu 1 1 1 0 0
9 Rubengera 0 6 3 0 0
10 Rugabano 1 1 4 0 0
11 Ruganda 0 3 2 0 0
12 Rwankuba 2 1 4 0 0
13 Twumba 0 2 2 0 0
TOTAL 5 30 27 2 1
Normally, each Cell has at list one health post. In karongi District, the survey shows that the number of
healt posts is still low because with the privatisation, the investors have not enough patients to justify
theirs investments.

Markets
Most markets are open-air; located in commercial
centres. Poor road conditions mean that
agricultural production in most areas does not
reach the Lake Kivu coastal zone, especially the
pork from the eastern sectors toward the cross
border market.
Table 22 : Markets
S/N Sector Cell Village Description
1 Gashari Birambo market
2 Gishyita Cyanya Gitovu Gishyita market
3 Gishyita Kigarama Kubutare Isoko rya Kigarama
4 Gitesi Munanira Gahigiro Iguriro rito rya gitesi (Selling
Point)
5 Mubuga Ryaruhanga Ryaruhanga Mubuga Selling Point
6 Murundi Kareba Kuruganda Murundi market
7 Rubengera Kibirizi market
8 Rubengera Kibirizi Buhoro Agasoko ku mugoroba centre
kagarama
9 Rubengera Kibirizi Cyimana Agasoko ku mugoroba centre
kagarama
10 Rubengera Bubazi Nyagahinga Isoko ry'amatungo (Cattle
market)
11 Rubengera Bubazi Kavumu Isoko ryubakiye risakaje
amategura
12 Rugabano Gisiza Winyambo Rubona market (Segatare)
13 Rugabano Gisiza Winyambo Tyazo small market
14 Ruganda Rubona Gahunduguru Gahunduguru market
15 Ruganda Rubona Gahunduguru Gahunduguru market
16 Ruganda Nyabikeri Nyabikeri Nyabikeri market
17 Twumba Gakuta Rugogwe Isoko rya Gakuta
18 Twumba Gisovu market
19 Twumba Rushisha market
20 Bwishyura Cross border market
Source: Consultant survey (2023)

Table 24 : List of churches' designation
S/N Designation S/N Designation
1 ADEPR 16 Eglise Baptiste
2 AMUR 17 EPADR
3 APEK 18 Eglise Evangélique des Amis au Rwanda
4 Jehovah's witnesses 19 Eglise Inkuru Nziza
5 Adeventist Church 20 Eglise Methodistes Libres
6 Adventistes du 7ème jour 21 Eglise Nazareens
7 Alarm Ministry 22 Eglise Neo-Apostolique
8 APAX "Artisand de la Paix" 23 Eglise ROINGE
9 EPR 24 Eglise Zion Temple
10 Authentic Word Ministry 25 Evangelical Free Church of Rwanda
11 Catholic Church 26 Evangelical Restoration Church
12 Church of Pentecost International 27 Hollebrew Adventists
13 EMLR 28 Muslim
14 EAR 29 Umuriro wa Pentekoti
15 EER
4 Cemeteries
Table 25 : Cemeteries and Cultural heritage
S/N Sector Cell Village Description
1 Bwishyura Kibuye Gatwaro Urwibutso gatwaro
2 Gitesi Ruhinga Nyamiyaga Irimbi rusange (Nyamiyaga village)
3 Mubuga Ryaruhanga Rwamiko Irimbi rusange (mubuga)
4 Mubuga Ryaruhanga Ryaruhanga Mubuga genocide memorial
5 Ruganda Kivumu Kagorora Irimbi rusange
6 Twumba Bisesero Genocide Memorial Centre
Religious
The FBOs use a huge quantity of area (6.54
km2). They should be more proactive in socio-
economic development for justifying their
existing. Unfortunately, it is not always easy for
these organisations to adapt to changing land
use according to national policies.
Table 23 : Synthetic land use per churches in
each sector
1 Bwishyura 108 573,511.99
2 Gashari 65 228,547.74
3 Gishyita 41 143,495.74
4 Gitesi 85 384,822.43
5 Mubuga 64 199,788.19
6 Murambi 117 794,760.90
7 Murundi 84 391,549.37
8 Mutuntu 82 448,565.61
9 Rubengera 143 554,981.83
10 Rugabano 73 343,270.93
11 Ruganda 78 334,086.74
12 Rwankuba 84 494,648.40
13 Twumba 117 1,647,963.76
Total 1,141 6,539,993.63
m2
654.00 ha
6.54 km²
S/N Sector
Number of
churches Total are (m2)

Map 11. Current landuse

PUBLIC UTILITIES
Hydrology
Rwanda hydrological network is divided into two
main river basins: Nile Basin covering
67 % of the Rwandan territory and draining
90 % of the country’s waters, and the Congo
basin covering 33 % of the Rwandan territory
and draining 10 % of the country’s water. The
pluviometry varies between 800 and 2000 mm
per year with 1200mm in average.
Due to its relief and topography, soil erosion and
landslides are frequent in most areas of the
District. The climatic situation of the district does
not differ from North-Western part of the
Country. As it is the same for the whole Country,
Karongi District has two dry seasons covering the
period from December to January and from June
to mid-September, and it is also characterized by
two rainy seasons. The long rains start in mid-
September and end in December and from
February to June with an annual average of
temperature varying from 16ᵒC to 21.5ᵒ C and
annual rainfall ranging from 1100 to 1500 mm.
1. Water
In karongi
supply and sanitation
district, water supply and
sanitation
Referring
following
has been
to
activities
taken into consideration.
DDS(2018-2024), The
are being worked on:
water pipelines
• 829.2Km of
constructed/rehabilitated (2018-2024)
• Kanyabusagewater treatmentplantupgraded.
Karongi district had water tanks located in
different areas that stored drinking water to the
whole district. The site visit has identified water
tanks located in karongi district
tank located
cell and
tank located
cell and
tank located
• Water
kareba
• Water
kabaya
• Water
kamina
• Water
byogo
• Water
cell
tank
cell
tank
and
located
and
located
at Murundi
karuganda
at Murundi
karambo
at Murundi
Nyakarambi
at Mutuntu
Nyabikenke
at Ruganda
sector,
village
sector,
village
sector,
village
sector,
village
sector,
Nyamugwagwacelland Nyamugwagwavillage
• water tank located at
Nyamugwagwa cell and
Ruganda sector,
Burango village
Ruganda sector,
Rugobagoba cell and Nyagasambu village
• water tank
Biguhu cell
• water tank
Kabingo cell
located at
and
located
and
Ruganda
Ngange
at Ruganda
Nyagisozi
Ruganda
Kinyovu cell and Kanyegenyege
sector,
village
sector,
village
sector,
village
Water supply and sanitation
Electricity supply
Karongi as one of the secondary city (phase II)
whereby the development running very fast like in
other secondary cities, it is within this framework
that it has accessibility on different infrastructures,
and on the electricity, karongi has access to
electrical network and an electricity access rate
of 76% with 28% connected to the off- grids and
47.5% to the national grids( KBMP,2022).

KARONGI
NYAMAGABE
NYAMASHEKE
RUTSIRO
RUHANGO
NYANZA
NGORORERO
MUHANGA
Gishyita Gitesi
Twumba
Mubuga Murundi
Rubengera
Bwishyura
Mutuntu
Rugabano
Gashari
Rwankuba
Ruganda
Nyabarongo
Musogoro
Murambi Mashyiga
Nyabahanga
Munzanga
Muregeya
Kirimbi
Legend
Karongi_rivers
KARONGI_WATER_BODY
KARONGI_WETLAND
Sector_boundaries
5
0 2,8505,700 11,400 Meters
Map 12. Waterbodies and Wetlands

AGRICULTURE
In Karongi, agriculture and livestock farming
remain the key economic activities. First,
agriculture encounters many people who are
independent farmers, at least 73.7 of households
depend mainly on the revenues from agricultural
activities- this implies that 85.2% of the
households are involved in agriculture. Among
the export crops, coffee, tea grown mostly acidic
soils in sectors of Rugabano, Gitesi, Twumba,
fruits, and macadamia are the main commercial
crops found in the area occupying 14.6 of the
total agricultural land (NISR,2023) while food
crops produced in the area comprise of maize,
sorghum, beans, soya beans, peas, irish potatoes,
bananas, cassava, wheat, and vegetables occupy
27,5 of the total agricultural land grown in all
sectors of the district. The main crops that are
cultivated on large land by most farmers include
beans, sorghum, soya beans, legumes, bananas,
maize, potatoes, peas, and wheat and fruit trees.
In rural areas, farmers rear some animals such as
cows, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry.
Karongi district is characterized by the high lands
area with steep features and has an altitude
varying between 1470 to 2200 metres. On one
hand, the topographical characteristics allow the
district to be faced with soil erosion. The various
land uses decrease forest area accentuate the
erosion phenomena, bring heavy siltation
downstream,and insome cases,floodsmayoccur.
4.6.1. Agricultural programs at District
level
• Land use consolidation
Photo 8 : Land consolidated with erosion control with
irrigation in Rubengera
In Karongi district the Land Use Consolidation has
been adopted by farmers in almost all sectors of
the district even though the topography is not
favoring. The exerceise is combined with erosion
control through radical terraces established in
almost all sectors depending on a stakeholder
engaged. However much participating farmers
commit to consolidate aspects of their operations
while retaining individual ownership of their farm
plots. This joint cultivation of large areas,
comprising multiple adjacent smallholder plots
over which the farmers retain their individual land
rights, delivered important economies of scale in
the production of selected crops such as maize,
beans, coffee, tea, bananas, and vegetables. Prior
tothebeginningof theagriculturalseason,farmers
committheirparticipationintheprogramandagree
to forego traditional intercropping techniques in
favor of cultivating a single, district-approved
crop, in collaboration with neighboring farmers.
• Irrigation situation in the district
Photo 9 : Night storage Reservoir from Ndaba designed for
irrigation in
The district has benefited from the world bank
funded project known as Land Husbandry, Water
harvesting and Hillside irrigation
(LWH) that supported the district for the sake of
planning and implementation of the
different land-husbandry options including
land consolidation through radical terraces in
sectors of Rubengera and Rugabano on 145ha
with distinct influence on the overall irrigation
program, the entire watershed between the two
sectors land husbandry and water harvesting
techniques are practiced, partitioned and
categorized into the following 3 major categories.
1. Night storage Reservoir; land designed to be
filled by water draining from the main irrigation
canal. This water is used for the hillside’s irrigation
of horticultural crops in Gitwa, Nyarugenge and
MukimbacellsofRubengeraandRugabanosectors.
2.Commandarea;landsdesignedandconsolidated

to be irrigated in dry seasons by the water to be harvested in the reservoir during the rainy season.
3. Command area Catchment; land consolidated which is up-hill of the command
area that could contribute runoff and flood to the down-catchment command area.
Table 26 : Average crop productivity at the LWH project sites for major crops
Maize 1.55 1.55 4.0 1.525
Saya bean 0.6 0.5 1.5 0.506
Bush beans 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.808
Climbing beans 0.8 0.97 2.7 1.035
Irish potato 3 9.8 18 8.646
Wheat 0.4 1.1 3.0 1.325
Source: LWH project completion report
Crop
Baseline
productivity
(T/Ha) (2021A)
Productivity Productivity (T/ Productivity
National Average National Average
(T/Ha) (B2021) Ha) (A2022) (T/Ha) (B2022)
Food Crops grown in Karongi District
Table 27 : Food crops cultivated in Karongi district, Location, and production on consolidated area
1 Beans In All Sectors of the district 13,228
2 Maize In All sectors of the district 12,661
3 Banana Bwishyura, Rubengera , Mubuga , Gishyita and Murundi 98,224
4 Irish
Potatoes
Rwankuba, Mutuntu , Rugabano and Gitesi 13,984
5 Soya Bean Rubengera, Bwishura , Mubuga , Gishyita, Murambi and
Murundi
1,656
6 Cassava Mubuga,Gishyita, Ruganda, Murambi, Murundi ,Gashari
and Gitesi
43,469
7 Wheat Rwankuba, Twumba, Mutuntu , Rugabano and Gitesi 184
8 Sorghum Rubengera , Bwishyura and Murambi 1670
9 Vegetables All Sectors but more dominant in Rubengera 12,868
No Crops Location
Annual Production
(MT)
Source: NISR, SAS2022

Cash crops in Karongi district.
Table 28 : Cash crops cultivated in Karongi district, Location, and production on consolidated area
1 Tea Rwankuba, Mutuntu , Twumba
na Rugabano ,Gitesi, Gashali
4493 24,264 Europe,Asia
andAmerica
2 Coffee All Sectors 4800 16,500 Europe,Asia
andAmerica
3 Macadamia Mubuga and Gishyita 10 - -
4 Fruits(Mango
and Avocado)
Bwishura, Rubengera 85 441 Localmarket
5 Sericulture Bwishura 3 1 China
No Crops Location
Cultivated
area (Ha)
Annual
Production Export Market
(T)
Source: NISR, SAS2022
Livestock in Karongi district
The increasing adoption of animal husbandry and zero grazing practices provides an ideal opportunity for
soil fertility enhancements while at the same time diversifying access to diets for improvements in nutrition
forthepopulation.ThemainanimalsrearedinKarongidistrictincludecows,goats,pigs,sheep,andpoultry.
Table 29 : Livestock keeping
No Animal Location
Esti-
mated
Market
number
(heads)
1 Cows All sectors of the district 340,000 Local & DRC
2 Goats All sectors of the district 90,000 Local & DRC markets
3 Pigs All sectors of the district 66,000 Local & DRC markets
4 Sheep Mutuntu, Gashali, Ruganda, Rugabano, Gite-
si, and Murambi
23,000 Local & DRC markets
5 Poultry Bwishyura, Rubengera, Mubuga, and Gishyita 125,700 Local & DRC markets
Source: District reports, 2022
Fishing in Karongi District
In Karongi district, capture fishery is classified as
artisanal or small-scale fisheries. Fishers are
organized into one (1) company called Aquahort
Export Ltd located in Kibuye cell in Bwishyura
sector. Fishing is an important socio- economic
activity of Karongi communities
especially for the population neighboring Kivu
lakes. The main Species contributing to capture
production are Limnothrissa miodon,
Haprochromis sp, and Nile Tilapia. Fishing
activities are undertaken through cooperatives of
fishermen. GoR through the Ministry of
Agriculture and Animal Resources promoted fish
farming in ponds to improve the productivity of
abandoned fishponds, a policy that was also
adopted in Karongi district, Bwishyura sector.
Fishing is done in lake Kivu, which is a home to
various fish species, including sardines
(Limnothrissa miodon, locally known as isambaza),
tilapia, haplochromis (known locally as indugu).
Fish farming is practiced in Karongi for ensuring
food security, poverty eradication, and natural
resources/environmental protection. The policy
called for improvement in aquaculture production,
coordination of fisheries and aquaculture activities
with water resources management, development
of fisheries and aquaculture management
capacity, and review of the attendant legislations.
Given the current state of fisheries sector and the
demand for fisheries resource; Karongi has put in
place strategies and measures to ensure that it can
fully and sustainably utilize her resources to meet
the high animal protein demand, while tapping
the inherentnutritionalsecurity found onlyin fish.

Table 30 : Fishing Ports names and Location
No Fishing ports Specie
1 Nyakaliba Sardines (isambaza)
Tilapia
Average Production
(T/year) Location
25 Bwishyura
10
Haplochromis
(Indugu)
30
2 Murangara Sardines N/A Mubuga
Tilapia N/A
Haplochromis N/A
3 Nyagatovu Haplochromis N/A
Sardines N/A
4 Cyika Sardines N/A
Tilapia N/A
Haplochromis N/A
5 Mwishya Sardines N/A Gishyita
Haplochromis N/A
6 Gitonde Sardines N/A
Tilapia N/A
Haplochromis N/A
7 Giseke Sardines N/A
Tilapia N/A
Haplochromis N/A
8 Mpembe Sardines N/A
Tilapia N/A
Haplochromis N/A
Source: District progress report
Beekeeping in Karongi district
Despite the efforts that the government of Rwanda
has put in the construction of the Modern Honey
Processing Center in western province, Rutsiro
supporting the farmers with funds for the
needed Investments and professional instruction.
The main objective of this consultancy service is
to develop an integrated Land Use Plan with
emphasis on agriculture and livestock
which will necessarily include agricultural
spatial analysis, soil fertility, crops and
livestock suitability analysis in Karongi district.

Crops Income
Considering the gros value of the whole
production of the food crops in season A 2022,
season B 2022 and season C 2022, as published
by NISR in the SAS 2022, the total annual gross
food crops are valuing more than 170 billion Rwf,
This amount is useful to explain the crucial rol of
the agriculture sector in the national economy,
especially in Karongi District where
more than 83% of the population is in this sector,
The money circulation of this amount (170 billion
Rwf) is important for the local economy, by job
creation and the economic multiplier,
In addition, this gros cropn income is
equivalent to 456,796 Rwf per capita per year for
the 373,869 people (RPHC5, 2022), The Karongi
District land use plan 2022-2050 needs to be
well implemented and monitored to ensure the
optimum use of land for agriculture.
Table 31 : Gros food crops income, SAS 2022
1 Maize 11,937 724 0 12,661 560 7,090,160,000
2 Sorghum 0 1,670 0 1,670 1,250 2,087,500,000
3 Wheat 0 184 0 184 700 128,800,000
4 Cassava 15,257 28,212 0 43,469 450 19,561,050,000
5 Sweet potato 36,230 39,092 703 76,025 600 45,615,000,000
6 Irish potato 9,868 3,288 828 13,984 500 6,992,000,000
7 Yams & Taro 5,507 8,988 0 14,495 400 5,798,000,000
8 Banana 50,539 47,685 0 98,224 500 49,112,000,000
9 Beans 6,133 7,091 8 13,232 1,600 21,171,200,000
10 Peas 574 420 4 998 1,800 1,796,400,000
11 Ground nuts 5 0 0 5 2,000 10,000,000
12 Soya beans 681 969 6 1,656 2,000 3,312,000,000
13 Vegetables 6,784 5,657 427 12,868 500 6,434,000,000
14 Fruits 14 427 0 441 1,000 441,000,000
15 Fodder crops 5,438 6,889 0 12,327 100 1,232,700,000
Total 148,967 151,296 1,976 302,239 170,781,810,000
Total population = 373,869
S/N Food crops
"Totalprice
Rwf"
Production 2022 (x 1,000 kg) "Unitprice
Season A Season B Season C Total Rwf/kg"
Annual gross crop income per capita = 456,796 Rwf/
capita/year
Source: NISR, Seasonal Agriculture Survey (SAS), 2022

ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
Forestry
According to the Rwanda Forest Cover Mapping
(2019), Karongi district has a forest cover of
are natural forests (mainly Mukura natural forest)
located in Twumba sector (Figure 3, Table 2). The
existing forest cover reflects the balance between
the afforestation and deforestation. From 2009 to
2019, the Rwanda Forest Cover Mapping (2019)
recorded a deforestation rate of 3,554 ha (16.9%)
and an afforestation of 5,677 ha (27%).Thehighest
forested sectors are Twumba with 4,242ha (43%),
Rwankuba with 2,574ha (37%), Rugabano with
2,506ha (31%) and Ruganda with 2,339ha (38%).
The least forest sector is Mubuga with 774ha
(17% of the sector land). The forest density map
(Figure 50) shows that many forests in Bwishyura,
Twumba, Mubuga, Nyarusange, and Ruganda are
degraded and need a reforestation program to
improve the productivity. Thus, it is recommended
that Karongi district forest management plan
(DFMP) prioritize the reforestation activities in
these sectors while planning for afforestation in
Mubuga sector.
Table 32 : Summary statistics of forest cover per sector in Karongi District
Bwishyura 4,217 1,157 10.72 1,168 28
Gashari 6,931 1,927 1,927 28
Gishyita 4,704 1,103 100.72 1,203 26
Gitesi 7,568 1,968 0.38 1,968 26
Mubuga 4,536 762 12.07 774 17
Murambi 5,246 1.49 1,227 1,228 23
Murundi 6,342 0.02 1,580 1,580 25
Mutuntu 4,709 1,447 0.06 1,447 31
Rubengera 4,044 951 7.34 958 24
Rugabano 8,054 2,506 2,506 31
Ruganda 6,183 2,339 2,339 38
Rwankuba 6,960 2,574 2,574 37
Twumba 9,801 3,179 1,062.89 4,242 43
Grand
Total
79,298 1.51 22,719 1070.30 123.88 23,915 30
Sector
Name
Total
Sector
land (Ha)
Forest Cover Type
Total
FC
(Ha)
%
Forest
cover
Bamboo
(Ha)
Forest
plantation
(Ha)
Natural
forest(Ha)
Shrub (Ha)
Source: Forest Cover Mapping (2019)
In terms of the size of forest plantations in Karongi District, 71% of forest plantations have largescale
plantations of greater than 2 ha per plot with the highest large area forests found in Twumba 2,172 ha,
followed by Rwankuba (2,008 ha), Ruganda (1,841 ha) and Rugabano (1,839 ha) (Figure 3). It is
important for Karongi district to increase the forest density in sectors with low density. Reducing permits
issued for Charcoal production in the least and degraded sectors could be a strategy to enable existing
eucalyptus plantations increase their productivity.

Map 13. Forest cover in KarongiDistrict
Sorce: Forest Cover Mapping (2019)

Rubengera (42.9%), and Rugabano (42.1%) (Table
3, Figure 5). In other sectors also, the
afforestation surpassed far the deforestation
during the last decade from 2009. The overall
trend is positive with a 12% increase in forest
cover for the past ten years which is about 1.2%
of forest gain every year in Karongi district.
Rubengera (42.9%), and Rugabano (42.1%) (Table
3, Figure 5). In other sectors also, the
afforestation surpassed far the deforestation
during the last decade from 2009. The overall
trend is positive with a 12% increase in forest
cover for the past ten years which is about 1.2%
of forest gain every year in Karongi district.
Table 33 : Deforestation and afforestation status in Karongi District
Bwishyura 1168 1,060 75 142 984 6 13.4
Gashari 1927 1,599 199 480 1,400 10 30.0
Gishyita 1203 1,491 507 183 983 42 12.3
Gitesi 1968 2,065 629 427 1,437 32 20.7
Mubuga 774 791 191 152 600 25 19.2
Murambi 1228 1,180 266 254 913 22 21.6
Murundi 1580 1,348 263 446 1,085 17 33.1
Mutuntu 1447 928 89 544 839 6 58.7
Rubengera 958 703 111 302 593 12 42.9
Rugabano 2506 1,916 284 807 1,632 11 42.1
Ruganda 2339 1,935 195 538 1,741 8 27.8
Rwankuba 2574 2,197 293 601 1,904 11 27.3
Twumba 4242 3,778 453 801 3,325 11 21.2
Grand
Total
23915 20,991 3,554 5,677 17,437 15 27.0
Sector
Name
FC2019
(Ha)
FC2009
Deforeste Afforeste d Deforest
d area (ha) area (ha) No change ation rate
(%)
Afforest
ation rate
(%)
Source: Forest Cover Mapping (2019)

Map 14. Forest Cover density in Karongi DIstrict
Sorce: Forest Cover Mapping (2019)

Wetlands
Karongi district has many wetlands, which are all cultivated. According to the Prime Minister Order No 006/03 of 30/01/2017, some can be used without specific
conditions, other under specific conditions (Table 4). None of them is listed under protected wetland, despite that Nyabarongo was proposed as a RAMSARSite.
Table 34 : List of wetlands in Karongi
Code Name
126 Gatare Cultivated Local 0 42.79 15133.26 Use without specific Conditions
315 Mataka Cultivated National 0 115.98 38777.85 Use under specific conditions
316 Bahimba-Buhondo Cultivated National 0 488.73 74805.4 Use under specific conditions
375 Muregeya Cultivated National 3 71.88 11499.87 Use under specific conditions
3861 Mushogoro Cultivated National 0 88.4 17565.35 Use under specific conditions
4932 Nyamitanga Cultivated National 0 68.6 19728.61 Use under specific conditions
6893 Uwaruhinamavi Cultivated National 5 21.4 3376.19 Use under specific conditions
789 Mitongano Cultivated Local 0 17.84 6837.98 Use without specific Conditions
793 Munzanga Cultivated Local 0 43.25 14689.95 Use without specific Conditions
794 Bicuba Cultivated Local 0 5.28 1731.91 Use without specific Conditions
795 Rwagisozi-Ngoma Cultivated Local 0 4.58 3606.54 Use without specific Conditions
796 Muregeya-Rukopfu Cultivated Local 0 37.65 18899.23 Use without specific Conditions
800 Karehe Cultivated Local 0 30.29 14620.11 Use without specific Conditions
801 Kiraro Cultivated Local 0 14.29 3910.49 Use without specific Conditions
802 Kadahokwa Cultivated National 0 54.09 22169.51 Use without specific Conditions
803 Gisunzu-Nyabitare Cultivated Local 0 1.26 827.17 Use without specific Conditions
804 Musogoro Cultivated Local 0 60.06 26701.15 Use without specific Conditions
805 Kamaramaka Cultivated Local 0 5.45 1119.24 Use without specific Conditions
806 Gahanga Cultivated Local 0 16.24 7693.82 Use without specific Conditions
Dominant
vegetation
Importance
% natural
vegetation
Area(ha)
Perimeter
(m) Management

807 Nyacyondo Cultivated Local 0 11.55 4475.96 Use without specific Conditions
808 Mwumba-Murambi Cultivated Local 0 3.19 1533.51 Use without specific Conditions
809 Kageyo Cultivated Local 0 2.78 840.37 Use without specific Conditions
810 Mashyiga-Nyacyondo Cultivated Local 0 7.99 3751.51 Use without specific Conditions
811 Kabakobwa Cultivated Local 0 18.81 5863.93 Use without specific Conditions
812 Nyakabuye Cultivated Local 0 4.59 1609.48 Use without specific Conditions
816 Magarama Cultivated Local 0 2.6 1047.18 Use without specific Conditions
817 Uwintobo Cultivated Local 0 9.48 5047.98 Use without specific Conditions
818 Bibyisi Cultivated Local 0 3.03 2411.48 Use without specific Conditions
819 Musasa Cultivated Local 0 7.84 3311.7 Use without specific Conditions
820 Rwabishiha - Uwintobo Cultivated Local 0 15.86 6397.21 Use without specific Conditions
821 Musasa Cultivated Local 0 15.82 3272.13 Use without specific Conditions
822 Nyagikangaga Cultivated Local 0 7.41 2886.81 Use without specific Conditions
823 Gatare-Nyabumera Cultivated Local 0 5.73 2067.79 Use without specific Conditions
825 Rwabishiha Cultivated Local 0 3.7 1633.56 Use without specific Conditions
826 Sumo Cultivated Local 0 5.7 3107.05 Use without specific Conditions
827 Gisovu-Muhanga Cultivated Local 0 6.65 3322.67 Use without specific Conditions
828 Rugusha-KI Cultivated Local 0 10.86 5807.37 Use without specific Conditions
830 Cyanyirandihano Cultivated Local 0 21.04 7614.85 Use without specific Conditions
922 NyagasayoAkarubaba Cultivated Local 0 17.86 9187.2 Use under specific conditions
923 Gisuma-Rwinkomo Cultivated National 0 61.78 19809.55 Use under specific conditions
924 Nyabarongo upstream Cultivated National 9 4849.38 346373.89 Use under specific conditions
Source: Prime Minister Order No 006/03 of 30/01/2017

Mining
Mining in Karongi district involves extraction of
mines, stones, sand, clay, and limestones (Source:
District LED Strategy, 2017). According to REMA,
2015 mineral potentials and exploitation, Karongi
has different mineral concessions for different
minerals including Wolfram and cassiterite
between 150,000 to 300,000 tones. In Gashari,
Gitesi, Murambi, Murundi, Rugabano, Ruganda
sectors, cassiterite is found in primary quartz
vein deposits and secondary alluvial deposits.
Ores of high grade tantalum (4.5% of Ta2O5) has
been found in Mukura Sector. In Mutuntu sector,
gold and 3T (Tantalum (Ta), Tungsten (W) and Tin
(Sn)). Potential for small to medium scale mine.
In Gishyita Sector (Bisesero) there are ores of
different mines including cassiterite. Figure
below show the site locations for minerals in
Karongi district.
figure 14 : Areas where minerals areconcentrated
• Cassiterite
Formula: SnO2
Locality: Bigugu, Karongi District, Western Province, Rwanda
Reference: Wang, C., Zhao, K. D., Chen, J., & Ma, X. (2022). Examining fingerprint trace elements in
cassiterite: Implications for primary tin deposit exploration. Ore Geology Reviews, 105082.
• Gold
Formula: Au
Locality: Bisesero, Rwankuba, Karongi District, Western Province, Rwanda
Reference: https://www.rmb.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Brochure_Geological_Collection.pdf
• Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Locality: Ndago, Murambi, Karongi District, Western Province, Rwanda
Reference: https://www.rmb.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Brochure_Geological_Collection.pdf
• Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Locality: Bigugu, Karongi District, Western Province, Rwanda
Reference: Wang, C., Zhao, K. D., Chen, J., & Ma, X. (2022). Examining fingerprint trace elements in
cassiterite: Implications for primary tin deposit exploration. Ore Geology Reviews, 105082.

Map 15. Existing miningsites

TOURISM AND
CONSERVATION
Karongi District has a strategic position in middle
of the Kivu Lake Belt Road: Rusizi - Nyamasheke
- Karongi - Rutsiro - Rubavu, The good access
with the NR1 and NR7 roads of about 127 km,
Karongi District as well as the 78 km Muhanga -
Karongi road under rehabilitation.
KarongiDistricthasmorethan32hotels(5starsto1
star)withthecapacityofmorethan460roomnights.
Major tourism areas along th shores of Lake Kivu
have good cellular network and 4G internet
connectivity.
Although a large part of Karongi District has
steep hills considered as challenges for the
agricultural and transportation sectors, they are
the opportunity for the development of tourism
particularly in hiking, climbing and eco-tourism (a
good panoramic view of volcanoes, Lake Kivu and
other interesting landscap of other areas of
Rwanda.
Table 37 : Restaurants
"Stars /
Point of interest"
4.1
3.7
4.2
4.8
4.2
4.3
3.8
4.6
1
4.7
4.3
3.7
4.1
3.5
4.3
4.3
2.8
4.4
1
4.3
1
4.5
3.4
4.3
Table 38 : Existing touristic infrastructure in Karongi District
S/N Hotels and accommodations
1 Rwiza Village
2 Delta Resort Hotel
3 Rebero Kivu Resort
4 Spa Shallum - Deluxe Twi…
5 Moriah Hill Resort
6 Cormorah Lodge
7 Bethany HotelA
8 Cleo Lake Kivu Hotel
9 Karongi Lake View Retreat
10 Inn on the Lake - Kibuye
11 Kivu Lodge
12 Romantic Hotel
13 Home Saint Jean
14 Nyenyeli Holiday Hotel
15 Inzozi Ecolodge Ltd
16 New Umunyinya House
17 Best House Echo Hotel
18 Macheo Ecolodge - Camping
19 Luxury Suite with Balcony
20 Kivu Blue Monkey Tours & Boat Trip
21 Twin and Intimate Room with Nice Balcony
22 Kay Sun Hotel Kivu Plage
23 Golf Eden Rock Hotel / MUGAMBIRA Aphrodis
24 Oroha Sunset Beach (a new spot in Kibuye)
25 Other more than 20 unclassified hotels & accommodations
S/N Restaurants
"Stars /
Point of
interest"
1 Beach Restaurant 4
2 Chez Maman Joy 3.6
3 Murugwiro Resto & Coffee 4
4 Sailors Resto & Café 3.4
5 Umutimamwiza Restaurant 3.8
Source: RDB, Development of Tourism Investment
Guidelines around the Kivu Belt, 2022

Table 39 : Other touristic attractions
S/N Community Based Tourism Main activities
1 """Tugarure Umuco Association"",
""Tugarure Umuco"" translates to ""let's revive dormant culture,"""
Cultural shows, educational tours, gain historical knowledge
2 COTRALAKI: Water Based Transport Cooperative Guided boat tours to the various islands on Lake Kivu, visits to the swimming cows, night
fishing experience,
Agro tourism Main activities
3 Bwishyura Silkworm Cooperative Visitors can learn about mulberry farming – from planting the saplings, cultivation, to
harvesting, in order to feed the silkworms, Visitors also learn about the numerous stages
and commercial species of silkworms and other activities related to silk
4 Dushyigikirane Association harvesting sorghum, tour of processing factories, take part in beer making,
5 Gisovu Tea Plantation Tea experience tours with luxury accommodation, picnic lunches and cocktails, hiking,
cycling through the lush green tea garden
Nature-based Tourism Main activities
6 Amahoro Island (Peace Island) Scenic walks, camping, swimming, island boat tour, birdwatching, water sports activities,
relax in bars water sport activities,
7 Bats Island (Nyamunini Island) Bird watching and Hiking,
8 Monkey Island Primate, bird watching
9 Nyungwe National Park Hiking, Chimpanzee Trekking, Canopy adventure, guided walk,
Culture-based tourism Main activities
10 Bisesero Genocide Memorial Educational/Learning (Genocide Study), Dark Tourism
11 Environmental Museum Educational/Learning (Conservation Study)
New or Undeveloped products Main activities
12 Mantis Kivu Queen uBuranga, Cruise along Lake Kivu visiting islands, guided hikes, birdwatching and interaction with
communities for cultural experiences,
13 Les Chtes de Ndaba (Urutare rwa Ndaba) "Visit the Ndaba waterfall,
According to legend, Ndaba rock was named after a man who died after falling here
while collecting honey from bees living in the high rocks,"
14 Golf Resort and Golf Course (Proposed project) Golf and luxury accommodation
15 Rubengera heritage site "Educational tour/ history learning,
King Kigeli IV Rwabugili founded this Royal residence when he was returning from an
expedition to Butembo,"
Source: RDB, Development of Tourism Investment Guidelines around the Kivu Belt, 2022

Map 17 : Tourism map

Map 18 : Natural Conservation map

KARONGI INCEPTION PPT FINAL- Dr Ange Felix NSANZIYERRA

KARONGI INCEPTION PPT FINAL- Dr Ange Felix NSANZIYERRA

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