This article discusses the concepts of occupational justice and how occupational therapists can apply an occupational justice framework in their practice. It provides two case examples - Sarah, a 2-year-old girl with developmental delays, and James, a 61-year-old man with a stroke - to illustrate how occupational therapists can identify and address occupational injustices clients face. The article proposes a process for occupational therapists to 1) frame client issues as occupational injustices, 2) identify the type and potential causes of injustice, 3) recognize avenues to influence issues, and 4) take action to address the injustice. The goal is to promote occupational justice at both the individual client and societal level.
The document discusses occupational deprivation and the role of occupational therapists in addressing it. It defines occupational deprivation as being precluded from meaningful occupations due to factors outside an individual's control. Occupational deprivation can negatively impact health and well-being. The document outlines how some groups in Australia experience occupational deprivation and notes that occupational therapists work to promote participation and challenge barriers to occupation. It recommends that occupational therapists raise awareness of occupational deprivation and work in partnerships to address it through various means, including advocacy and programs.
This document summarizes the results of a critical review of research examining the relationship between occupation and health and well-being. 22 studies from health and social sciences literature were reviewed using specific methodological criteria. The findings provided moderate to strong evidence that occupation has an important influence on health and well-being. However, most research was conducted with people without disabilities, so further research is needed to understand the relationship between occupation and health/well-being for people with disabilities affecting daily occupations.
This document summarizes a pilot study that examined the relationship between perceived occupational balance and health. The study used a questionnaire to assess perceptions of 146 respondents regarding ideal and current balances of physical, mental, social, and rest occupations. The results found that for many respondents, ideal occupational balance involved approximately equal involvement in each occupation type. Additionally, those who reported their current occupations as closer to this ideal balance also reported better health, showing a statistically significant correlation. The promising results of this pilot study warrant further investigation into the relationship between occupational balance and health.
This article discusses the role of occupational therapists in the Canadian military context. It begins by providing background on the historical role of occupational therapists in rehabilitating injured military members, but notes that currently there are no uniformed occupational therapists and only a few civilian occupational therapists employed by the Canadian Forces.
The article then outlines some key concepts in occupational therapy, including the definition of "occupation" and the relationship between a person, their occupations, and their environments. It discusses how injuries can cause occupational disruption, deprivation, or imbalance.
The article suggests that permanently employing more occupational therapists within the Canadian Forces could help address some of the occupational needs of military members, such as those with serious long-term injuries, by providing
Participation in everyday occupations is vital for human development and well-being. Occupational therapy focuses on enabling participation in meaningful activities. The document discusses key aspects of participation including:
1) Participation has positive influences on health, life satisfaction, and development. It is reduced by disability, leading to less diverse and social activities.
2) Occupational therapists should understand participation, how to measure and facilitate it, across all populations.
3) Meaningful participation requires balance between an activity's challenge and one's skills, feelings of choice and mastery, and a supportive environment.
The document discusses the concept of human occupation from an occupational therapy perspective. It defines occupation as any activities that occupy people's time and give meaning to their lives, including productive, self-care, and leisure activities. The document outlines how occupational therapists evaluate occupations and consider factors like independence, safety, and quality. It also describes different methods of evaluating occupations, such as questioning, observing, and testing clients to understand their abilities and needs.
The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) is an occupation-focused framework developed in the 1980s to explain how engaging in occupations occurs and problems can arise from illness or disability. MOHO views humans as dynamic systems influenced by volition (motivation), habituation (routines), performance capacity, and environment. Through participating in meaningful occupations, people can reshape their occupational abilities and identities to become more adaptive. MOHO provides resources for occupational therapists to engage clients in therapeutic occupations to restore, reorganize, or maintain their occupational performance.
Canadian model of occupational performance and engagementKavita Murthi
Mrs. R.P is a 62-year old retired teacher who was diagnosed with osteoarthritis 7 years ago. She has developed limitations in her mobility and daily activities due to her physical and medical conditions. The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) provides an occupational-based framework to understand how Mrs. R.P's person factors, environments, and occupations interact and influence her occupational performance. Applying this model reveals how her conditions impact her physical, social, and cultural environments and abilities to perform self-care, productivity, and leisure occupations.
The document discusses occupational deprivation and the role of occupational therapists in addressing it. It defines occupational deprivation as being precluded from meaningful occupations due to factors outside an individual's control. Occupational deprivation can negatively impact health and well-being. The document outlines how some groups in Australia experience occupational deprivation and notes that occupational therapists work to promote participation and challenge barriers to occupation. It recommends that occupational therapists raise awareness of occupational deprivation and work in partnerships to address it through various means, including advocacy and programs.
This document summarizes the results of a critical review of research examining the relationship between occupation and health and well-being. 22 studies from health and social sciences literature were reviewed using specific methodological criteria. The findings provided moderate to strong evidence that occupation has an important influence on health and well-being. However, most research was conducted with people without disabilities, so further research is needed to understand the relationship between occupation and health/well-being for people with disabilities affecting daily occupations.
This document summarizes a pilot study that examined the relationship between perceived occupational balance and health. The study used a questionnaire to assess perceptions of 146 respondents regarding ideal and current balances of physical, mental, social, and rest occupations. The results found that for many respondents, ideal occupational balance involved approximately equal involvement in each occupation type. Additionally, those who reported their current occupations as closer to this ideal balance also reported better health, showing a statistically significant correlation. The promising results of this pilot study warrant further investigation into the relationship between occupational balance and health.
This article discusses the role of occupational therapists in the Canadian military context. It begins by providing background on the historical role of occupational therapists in rehabilitating injured military members, but notes that currently there are no uniformed occupational therapists and only a few civilian occupational therapists employed by the Canadian Forces.
The article then outlines some key concepts in occupational therapy, including the definition of "occupation" and the relationship between a person, their occupations, and their environments. It discusses how injuries can cause occupational disruption, deprivation, or imbalance.
The article suggests that permanently employing more occupational therapists within the Canadian Forces could help address some of the occupational needs of military members, such as those with serious long-term injuries, by providing
Participation in everyday occupations is vital for human development and well-being. Occupational therapy focuses on enabling participation in meaningful activities. The document discusses key aspects of participation including:
1) Participation has positive influences on health, life satisfaction, and development. It is reduced by disability, leading to less diverse and social activities.
2) Occupational therapists should understand participation, how to measure and facilitate it, across all populations.
3) Meaningful participation requires balance between an activity's challenge and one's skills, feelings of choice and mastery, and a supportive environment.
The document discusses the concept of human occupation from an occupational therapy perspective. It defines occupation as any activities that occupy people's time and give meaning to their lives, including productive, self-care, and leisure activities. The document outlines how occupational therapists evaluate occupations and consider factors like independence, safety, and quality. It also describes different methods of evaluating occupations, such as questioning, observing, and testing clients to understand their abilities and needs.
The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) is an occupation-focused framework developed in the 1980s to explain how engaging in occupations occurs and problems can arise from illness or disability. MOHO views humans as dynamic systems influenced by volition (motivation), habituation (routines), performance capacity, and environment. Through participating in meaningful occupations, people can reshape their occupational abilities and identities to become more adaptive. MOHO provides resources for occupational therapists to engage clients in therapeutic occupations to restore, reorganize, or maintain their occupational performance.
Canadian model of occupational performance and engagementKavita Murthi
Mrs. R.P is a 62-year old retired teacher who was diagnosed with osteoarthritis 7 years ago. She has developed limitations in her mobility and daily activities due to her physical and medical conditions. The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) provides an occupational-based framework to understand how Mrs. R.P's person factors, environments, and occupations interact and influence her occupational performance. Applying this model reveals how her conditions impact her physical, social, and cultural environments and abilities to perform self-care, productivity, and leisure occupations.
Este documento discute a relação entre ocupação e saúde. Ele explica como diferentes atividades ocupacionais como exercício, aprendizagem, trabalho voluntário e interações sociais podem promover a saúde física, mental e social de uma pessoa. Embora o excesso de algumas atividades como corrida possa ter efeitos negativos, a participação equilibrada em ocupações significativas geralmente ajuda a manter e melhorar a saúde de uma pessoa.
Analise critica do livro papalagui finaleOTutorial2
O documento resume as perspectivas de Tuiávii, um chefe de tribo nativo de Samoa, sobre os europeus, ou "papalaguis". Tuiávii observou como os papalaguis se vestem demais, vivem em cidades de pedra e são escravos do dinheiro e do tempo. Ele também criticou a ênfase dos papalaguis na profissão e bens materiais em vez de apreciar as dádivas de Deus.
Este resumo descreve um filme que retrata a amizade entre Phillippe, um homem tetraplégico, e Driss, seu cuidador de origens humildes. Apesar de virem de culturas e classes sociais diferentes, desenvolvem uma forte amizade que ultrapassa estereótipos e preconceitos da sociedade. O humor e apoio de Driss ajudam Phillippe a sentir-se mais livre e realizado, apesar de sua condição física.
1. O documento analisa o impacto da privação ocupacional no quotidiano de mulheres reclusas e na sua adaptação à prisão. Entrevistaram-se 12 mulheres para compreender como experienciam a falta de atividades significativas.
2. As reclusas são forçadas a assumir novas rotinas e papéis de acordo com as poucas ocupações permitidas, o que causa alterações na sua identidade ocupacional.
3. Envolver-se nas atividades disponíveis na prisão parece traduzir uma adaptação com sucesso ao
1. Este documento apresenta a terceira edição do quadro conceitual da prática da terapia ocupacional desenvolvido pela Associação Americana de Terapia Ocupacional.
2. O documento descreve o domínio e o processo da terapia ocupacional, definindo seus principais construtos como ocupações, habilidades do cliente e contexto.
3. A terapia ocupacional objetiva promover a saúde, o bem-estar e a participação social dos clientes por meio do envolvimento em atividades significativas.
Este documento presenta los resultados de una investigación que analizó el concepto de "justicia" en terapia ocupacional entre los años 2000 y 2014. Se encontraron dos categorías principales: justicia social y justicia ocupacional. La justicia social se relaciona con la inclusión, participación comunitaria y sostenibilidad, mientras que la justicia ocupacional reconoce la importancia de la ocupación para la justicia. El estudio concluye que es necesario continuar desarrollando conceptualmente la justicia ocupacional a partir de la reflexión en la profesión.
O filme conta a história de Philippe, um milionário tetraplégico, e Driss, um jovem ex-delinquente. Após se conhecerem numa entrevista de emprego, desenvolvem uma forte amizade enquanto Driss auxilia Philippe em suas atividades diárias. Apesar de virem de culturas diferentes, os dois ajudam-se mutuamente a superar desafios e realizar ocupações significativas, mostrando como a amizade pode ultrapassar barreiras sociais.
Este documento define os principais conceitos relacionados à ocupação humana, incluindo ocupação, atividade, tarefa, equilíbrio ocupacional, saúde, bem-estar, contextos e ambientes. Ele explica que a ocupação refere-se às atividades diárias que ocorrem em diferentes contextos e podem ser influenciadas pelos ambientes. Além disso, discute a importância do equilíbrio ocupacional para a saúde e bem-estar de uma pessoa.
O documento discute a emergência da terapia ocupacional social no Brasil, definida como a atenção a grupos sociais em processos de ruptura das redes de suporte. Alguns terapeutas ocupacionais passaram a questionar seu papel em instituições totais à luz das ideias de Basaglia e Gramsci. Isso levou ao desenvolvimento de uma abordagem que vê o sujeito, não a doença, como foco e busca satisfazer as necessidades identificadas em conjunto com a comunidade.
O documento discute se profissionais podem realmente promover justiça ocupacional. Apresenta o despertar para a injustiça ocupacional ao longo do último século através de pesquisas sobre participação, saúde e cidadania. Também destaca recursos como um filme no YouTube e referências que mostram práticas emergentes de justiça ocupacional em seis grupos populacionais.
O documento descreve uma observação de campo realizada por uma estudante de ciências ocupacionais. A atividade observada foi o atendimento de clientes numa loja de doces por uma funcionária. O resumo inclui a descrição da atividade observada e das competências motoras, de processo, sociais e de interação necessárias para a sua realização segundo o Modelo de Processo de Ocupação Humana.
O documento discute a construção do conceito de competência, comparando perspectivas americanas e européias. Aborda competência como um saber agir responsável que envolve mobilizar, integrar e transferir conhecimentos de forma contextualizada. Também discute competência no nível individual e organizacional.
O filme retrata a amizade improvável entre um milionário tetraplégico e um jovem do bairro social que o ajuda. Apesar de virem de classes sociais e culturas diferentes, eles aprendem a aceitar as diferenças um do outro e a se apoiarem mutuamente.
Este documento descreve um estudo sobre as necessidades ocupacionais de idosos institucionalizados. O estudo avaliou as necessidades de uma amostra de 20 idosos antes e depois de participarem num programa de atividades terapêuticas. Os resultados mostraram que muitos participantes relataram problemas no desempenho de atividades valorizadas e insatisfação com esse desempenho. Embora o programa tenha tido algum impacto, não trouxe benefícios generalizados nesta pequena amostra segundo as medidas utilizadas.
Este artigo discute o papel do terapeuta ocupacional no campo social, apresentando um breve histórico da terapia ocupacional nesta área e defendendo uma intervenção focada em autonomia, cidadania e direitos. Também aborda os conceitos de campo e núcleos de saber, e como o terapeuta ocupacional pode intervir no campo social utilizando as especificidades da terapia ocupacional.
O documento apresenta um resumo do livro "O Papalagui" que descreve as críticas feitas por Tuiavii, chefe da tribo Tiavéa, aos costumes e hábitos do homem branco ("Papalagui") após viajar pela Europa. Tuiavii critica aspectos como o uso de roupas, a importância dada ao dinheiro e posses, e o estilo de vida apressado dos europeus. Ele defende que os modos de vida da sua tribo são mais simples e próximos da natureza.
Dialnet processo deinstitucionalicaodehabitose-rotinasdecont-4043158OTutorial2
1) O documento discute o processo de institucionalização de hábitos e rotinas de controladoria em uma empresa familiar através de um estudo de caso.
2) A pesquisa analisou relatórios de administração de 1998 a 2007 e entrevista com o controller, identificando mudanças que exigiram alterações nos processos de controle.
3) Os resultados mostraram que o processo de institucionalização ocorreu de acordo com as etapas propostas por Burns e Scapens (2000) de codificação de normas, incorporação e reprodução até a instit
1) The document discusses a study that explored the daily routines and quality of life of 10 individuals with chronic pain through interviews and assessments. 2) A grounded theory called the "Paradigm of Life" emerged from the data, which found that chronic pain disrupts individuals' occupations and impacts their quality of life. 3) The theory shows how engaging in meaningful occupations can enhance quality of life by providing distraction from pain and a sense of control.
1. Este documento apresenta a terceira edição do quadro conceitual da prática da terapia ocupacional desenvolvido pela Associação Americana de Terapia Ocupacional.
2. O documento descreve o domínio e o processo da terapia ocupacional, definindo seus conceitos centrais e como são aplicados na prática.
3. A terapia ocupacional objetiva promover a saúde, o bem-estar e a participação das pessoas por meio do envolvimento em atividades significativas.
1) O documento discute as contribuições do terapeuta ocupacional no processo de ressocialização de adolescentes em conflito com a lei que estão privados de liberdade.
2) É analisada a influência do contexto sócio-histórico na criminalidade juvenil e as diretrizes atuais da legislação brasileira sobre adolescentes infratores.
3) Também são abordados os pressupostos e o potencial da Terapia Ocupacional no campo social, destacando-se o uso de atividades para transformar, expressar e humanizar o ambiente
Vanessa Raheja reflects on her personal biases regarding people with mental illness entering the social work field. While she feels her own substance use and mental health diagnoses help her relate to clients in her current job, she finds herself hesitant about supporting clients who want to pursue social work if they have a serious mental illness like schizophrenia. However, denying someone a career solely due to their diagnosis goes against empowering oppressed groups, as social work ethics promote. To address this dilemma, Raheja will reflect on how her stigma surrounding mental illness could impact her judgment and will consider the "clinician's illusion" that people with mental illnesses are always low functioning.
Vanessa Raheja reflects on her personal biases regarding people with mental illness entering the social work field. While she feels her own substance use and mental health diagnoses help her relate to clients in her current job, she finds herself hesitant about supporting clients who want to pursue social work if they have a serious mental illness like schizophrenia. However, denying someone a career solely due to their diagnosis goes against empowering oppressed groups, as social work ethics promote. To address this dilemma, Raheja will reflect on how her stigma surrounding mental illness could impact her judgment and will consider the "clinician's illusion" that people with mental illnesses are always low functioning.
Este documento discute a relação entre ocupação e saúde. Ele explica como diferentes atividades ocupacionais como exercício, aprendizagem, trabalho voluntário e interações sociais podem promover a saúde física, mental e social de uma pessoa. Embora o excesso de algumas atividades como corrida possa ter efeitos negativos, a participação equilibrada em ocupações significativas geralmente ajuda a manter e melhorar a saúde de uma pessoa.
Analise critica do livro papalagui finaleOTutorial2
O documento resume as perspectivas de Tuiávii, um chefe de tribo nativo de Samoa, sobre os europeus, ou "papalaguis". Tuiávii observou como os papalaguis se vestem demais, vivem em cidades de pedra e são escravos do dinheiro e do tempo. Ele também criticou a ênfase dos papalaguis na profissão e bens materiais em vez de apreciar as dádivas de Deus.
Este resumo descreve um filme que retrata a amizade entre Phillippe, um homem tetraplégico, e Driss, seu cuidador de origens humildes. Apesar de virem de culturas e classes sociais diferentes, desenvolvem uma forte amizade que ultrapassa estereótipos e preconceitos da sociedade. O humor e apoio de Driss ajudam Phillippe a sentir-se mais livre e realizado, apesar de sua condição física.
1. O documento analisa o impacto da privação ocupacional no quotidiano de mulheres reclusas e na sua adaptação à prisão. Entrevistaram-se 12 mulheres para compreender como experienciam a falta de atividades significativas.
2. As reclusas são forçadas a assumir novas rotinas e papéis de acordo com as poucas ocupações permitidas, o que causa alterações na sua identidade ocupacional.
3. Envolver-se nas atividades disponíveis na prisão parece traduzir uma adaptação com sucesso ao
1. Este documento apresenta a terceira edição do quadro conceitual da prática da terapia ocupacional desenvolvido pela Associação Americana de Terapia Ocupacional.
2. O documento descreve o domínio e o processo da terapia ocupacional, definindo seus principais construtos como ocupações, habilidades do cliente e contexto.
3. A terapia ocupacional objetiva promover a saúde, o bem-estar e a participação social dos clientes por meio do envolvimento em atividades significativas.
Este documento presenta los resultados de una investigación que analizó el concepto de "justicia" en terapia ocupacional entre los años 2000 y 2014. Se encontraron dos categorías principales: justicia social y justicia ocupacional. La justicia social se relaciona con la inclusión, participación comunitaria y sostenibilidad, mientras que la justicia ocupacional reconoce la importancia de la ocupación para la justicia. El estudio concluye que es necesario continuar desarrollando conceptualmente la justicia ocupacional a partir de la reflexión en la profesión.
O filme conta a história de Philippe, um milionário tetraplégico, e Driss, um jovem ex-delinquente. Após se conhecerem numa entrevista de emprego, desenvolvem uma forte amizade enquanto Driss auxilia Philippe em suas atividades diárias. Apesar de virem de culturas diferentes, os dois ajudam-se mutuamente a superar desafios e realizar ocupações significativas, mostrando como a amizade pode ultrapassar barreiras sociais.
Este documento define os principais conceitos relacionados à ocupação humana, incluindo ocupação, atividade, tarefa, equilíbrio ocupacional, saúde, bem-estar, contextos e ambientes. Ele explica que a ocupação refere-se às atividades diárias que ocorrem em diferentes contextos e podem ser influenciadas pelos ambientes. Além disso, discute a importância do equilíbrio ocupacional para a saúde e bem-estar de uma pessoa.
O documento discute a emergência da terapia ocupacional social no Brasil, definida como a atenção a grupos sociais em processos de ruptura das redes de suporte. Alguns terapeutas ocupacionais passaram a questionar seu papel em instituições totais à luz das ideias de Basaglia e Gramsci. Isso levou ao desenvolvimento de uma abordagem que vê o sujeito, não a doença, como foco e busca satisfazer as necessidades identificadas em conjunto com a comunidade.
O documento discute se profissionais podem realmente promover justiça ocupacional. Apresenta o despertar para a injustiça ocupacional ao longo do último século através de pesquisas sobre participação, saúde e cidadania. Também destaca recursos como um filme no YouTube e referências que mostram práticas emergentes de justiça ocupacional em seis grupos populacionais.
O documento descreve uma observação de campo realizada por uma estudante de ciências ocupacionais. A atividade observada foi o atendimento de clientes numa loja de doces por uma funcionária. O resumo inclui a descrição da atividade observada e das competências motoras, de processo, sociais e de interação necessárias para a sua realização segundo o Modelo de Processo de Ocupação Humana.
O documento discute a construção do conceito de competência, comparando perspectivas americanas e européias. Aborda competência como um saber agir responsável que envolve mobilizar, integrar e transferir conhecimentos de forma contextualizada. Também discute competência no nível individual e organizacional.
O filme retrata a amizade improvável entre um milionário tetraplégico e um jovem do bairro social que o ajuda. Apesar de virem de classes sociais e culturas diferentes, eles aprendem a aceitar as diferenças um do outro e a se apoiarem mutuamente.
Este documento descreve um estudo sobre as necessidades ocupacionais de idosos institucionalizados. O estudo avaliou as necessidades de uma amostra de 20 idosos antes e depois de participarem num programa de atividades terapêuticas. Os resultados mostraram que muitos participantes relataram problemas no desempenho de atividades valorizadas e insatisfação com esse desempenho. Embora o programa tenha tido algum impacto, não trouxe benefícios generalizados nesta pequena amostra segundo as medidas utilizadas.
Este artigo discute o papel do terapeuta ocupacional no campo social, apresentando um breve histórico da terapia ocupacional nesta área e defendendo uma intervenção focada em autonomia, cidadania e direitos. Também aborda os conceitos de campo e núcleos de saber, e como o terapeuta ocupacional pode intervir no campo social utilizando as especificidades da terapia ocupacional.
O documento apresenta um resumo do livro "O Papalagui" que descreve as críticas feitas por Tuiavii, chefe da tribo Tiavéa, aos costumes e hábitos do homem branco ("Papalagui") após viajar pela Europa. Tuiavii critica aspectos como o uso de roupas, a importância dada ao dinheiro e posses, e o estilo de vida apressado dos europeus. Ele defende que os modos de vida da sua tribo são mais simples e próximos da natureza.
Dialnet processo deinstitucionalicaodehabitose-rotinasdecont-4043158OTutorial2
1) O documento discute o processo de institucionalização de hábitos e rotinas de controladoria em uma empresa familiar através de um estudo de caso.
2) A pesquisa analisou relatórios de administração de 1998 a 2007 e entrevista com o controller, identificando mudanças que exigiram alterações nos processos de controle.
3) Os resultados mostraram que o processo de institucionalização ocorreu de acordo com as etapas propostas por Burns e Scapens (2000) de codificação de normas, incorporação e reprodução até a instit
1) The document discusses a study that explored the daily routines and quality of life of 10 individuals with chronic pain through interviews and assessments. 2) A grounded theory called the "Paradigm of Life" emerged from the data, which found that chronic pain disrupts individuals' occupations and impacts their quality of life. 3) The theory shows how engaging in meaningful occupations can enhance quality of life by providing distraction from pain and a sense of control.
1. Este documento apresenta a terceira edição do quadro conceitual da prática da terapia ocupacional desenvolvido pela Associação Americana de Terapia Ocupacional.
2. O documento descreve o domínio e o processo da terapia ocupacional, definindo seus conceitos centrais e como são aplicados na prática.
3. A terapia ocupacional objetiva promover a saúde, o bem-estar e a participação das pessoas por meio do envolvimento em atividades significativas.
1) O documento discute as contribuições do terapeuta ocupacional no processo de ressocialização de adolescentes em conflito com a lei que estão privados de liberdade.
2) É analisada a influência do contexto sócio-histórico na criminalidade juvenil e as diretrizes atuais da legislação brasileira sobre adolescentes infratores.
3) Também são abordados os pressupostos e o potencial da Terapia Ocupacional no campo social, destacando-se o uso de atividades para transformar, expressar e humanizar o ambiente
Vanessa Raheja reflects on her personal biases regarding people with mental illness entering the social work field. While she feels her own substance use and mental health diagnoses help her relate to clients in her current job, she finds herself hesitant about supporting clients who want to pursue social work if they have a serious mental illness like schizophrenia. However, denying someone a career solely due to their diagnosis goes against empowering oppressed groups, as social work ethics promote. To address this dilemma, Raheja will reflect on how her stigma surrounding mental illness could impact her judgment and will consider the "clinician's illusion" that people with mental illnesses are always low functioning.
Vanessa Raheja reflects on her personal biases regarding people with mental illness entering the social work field. While she feels her own substance use and mental health diagnoses help her relate to clients in her current job, she finds herself hesitant about supporting clients who want to pursue social work if they have a serious mental illness like schizophrenia. However, denying someone a career solely due to their diagnosis goes against empowering oppressed groups, as social work ethics promote. To address this dilemma, Raheja will reflect on how her stigma surrounding mental illness could impact her judgment and will consider the "clinician's illusion" that people with mental illnesses are always low functioning.
Nasw. “The Primary Mission Of The Social Work ProfessionKate Subramanian
This situation relates to several principles in the NASW Code of Ethics:
- Social workers should not engage in dual or multiple relationships with clients in which there is a risk of exploitation or potential harm to the client. Giving clothes to a client could be seen as engaging in a social relationship outside of the professional one.
- Social workers should conduct themselves in a manner that avoids conflicts of interest that could impair professional judgment or compromise the effectiveness of services. Giving gifts to clients could create a conflict of interest.
- Social workers should not use their professional positions to seek or receive unjustified personal gains, sexual favors, unfair advantage, or unearned goods or services. Giving clothes could be seen as seeking personal gain or favor
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Job Description
Introduction
Provide an introduction, and include the date for when the job description was written, the job status (whether it is exempt or nonexempt under The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and whether it is a full-time or part-time position), the position title, and the objective of the position (what the position is supposed to accomplish and how it affects other positions and the organization). Address the pay for the position.
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Job summary
Include an outline of the job responsibilities, including the essential functions like detailed tasks, skills, duties, and responsibilities.
Competency
Explain the competency and position requirements, including knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs).
Quality and Quantity Standards
Explain the minimum levels required to meet the job requirements.
Education and Experience
Explain the required education and experience levels needed.
Time Spent Performing Tasks
Explain the percentages, if used. They should be distributed to equal 100%.
Physical Factors
Explain the type of environment associated with job.
Working Conditions
Explain the shifts and any overtime requirements, as needed.
Unplanned Activities
Explain any other duties, as assigned.
Disclaimer
Insert a disclaimer here. Discuss how the job description is not designed to cover or contain a comprehensive listing of activities, duties, or responsibilities that are required of the employee.
Performance Evaluation
Performance Criteria
Include a minimum of four criterion (no more than six). You may refer to the job description to help you develop this.
Performance Scale
Utilize a performance scale, and consider merit pay
Summary
Write a summary about how the laws and regulations associated with the position for the affect compensation and how the two can help manage compensation. Explain how compensation can affect employee behavior in this position.
References
I NEED THIS ON 06/17/20 at 8:00pm.
This week we explore the social-ecological model and the Swearer and Hymel (2015) article does a nice job of describing this model as applied to the problem of bullying. In working on your social change project this week you will be applying the social-ecological model to the topic you are addressing for your social change portfolio/project. The levels addressed in the social-ecological model in this article include individual, family, peer group, school, and community. Because of this specific topic, school is an important dimension. However, this dimension may not apply to your specific social change project depending on the target population. Thus, if "school" does not apply then you can simply have individual, family, peer group, and community. "Peer group" .
Advocacy For The Elderly
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Advocacy As A Social Worker
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Client Advocacy Essay
Ethical Principles Of Advocacy
Jails and PrisonsLooking inside total institutionsDefini.docxvrickens
Jails and Prisons
Looking inside total institutions
Definition of total institution
Canadian Erving Goffman coined this term
He wrote, “A total institution may be defined as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time together lead an enclosed formally administered round of life (Goffman, 1968: 11).
"Total institutions (such as prisons, boarding schools, psychiatric hospitals, concentration camps, etc. ) are distinctive and have much in common" (Goffman, 1968: 15) because, as Goffman points out, they depart from the basic social arrangements in modern western society "that the individual tends to sleep, play and work in different places with different co-participants, under different authorities and without an overall rational plan" (Goffman, 1968: 17).
Glimpses inside the total institution
It is very difficult to appreciate what life is like in jail or prison so I have selected a few videos, and stories for you
Please listen to Ismael Nazario who speaks about his experience in Rikers as a youth https://www.ted.com/talks/ismael_nazario_what_i_learned_as_a_kid_in_jail?language=en#t-671125
Also, please read a piece published by the Marshall project here https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/07/12/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-prisoner
Finally, hear the story of Mr. Melendez who spent 17 years on death row for a crime he did not commit. Now exonerated, he has visited UTA and spoken about this experience. He paints a vivid picture of those 17 years here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k6C7ZVhaHE
Why is working in prisons important for social workers?
Criminal justice system is marked by the confluence of race, class, gender, and inequality in the United States
Mass incarceration has been called one the most pressing social problems of our time (Mauer & Chesney-Lind, 2002)
The CJ system is fragmented
Over 50,000 different agencies responsible
Prisons account for the fastest growing segment of government employment (nearly 750,000 people in 2004)
Most people are imprisoned for non-violent crimes
Remember that Race, Class, Gender Matter
African American men disproportionately imprisoned
Women account for the fastest growing prison population
African American women: 571% increase in 20 years
Latinas: 131% increase in 20 years
Caucasian women: 75% increase in 20 years
More women are incarcerated per capita for drug crimes than men (about 34% of women and 19% of men)
60% of men and 40% of women unemployed at arrest, 1/3 earned less than 5000$ last year.
Privatization of prisons – total institutions and turning a profit for shareholders
Beck, A.J. (2000). Prisoners in 1999. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; Guerino, P., Harrison, P.M., & Sabol, P.M. (2011). Prisoners in 2010. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Prisoners in 1999 available online here: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/p99.pdf
Private prisons in Te ...
Jails and PrisonsLooking inside total institutionsDefini.docxdonnajames55
Jails and Prisons
Looking inside total institutions
Definition of total institution
Canadian Erving Goffman coined this term
He wrote, “A total institution may be defined as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time together lead an enclosed formally administered round of life (Goffman, 1968: 11).
"Total institutions (such as prisons, boarding schools, psychiatric hospitals, concentration camps, etc. ) are distinctive and have much in common" (Goffman, 1968: 15) because, as Goffman points out, they depart from the basic social arrangements in modern western society "that the individual tends to sleep, play and work in different places with different co-participants, under different authorities and without an overall rational plan" (Goffman, 1968: 17).
Glimpses inside the total institution
It is very difficult to appreciate what life is like in jail or prison so I have selected a few videos, and stories for you
Please listen to Ismael Nazario who speaks about his experience in Rikers as a youth https://www.ted.com/talks/ismael_nazario_what_i_learned_as_a_kid_in_jail?language=en#t-671125
Also, please read a piece published by the Marshall project here https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/07/12/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-prisoner
Finally, hear the story of Mr. Melendez who spent 17 years on death row for a crime he did not commit. Now exonerated, he has visited UTA and spoken about this experience. He paints a vivid picture of those 17 years here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k6C7ZVhaHE
Why is working in prisons important for social workers?
Criminal justice system is marked by the confluence of race, class, gender, and inequality in the United States
Mass incarceration has been called one the most pressing social problems of our time (Mauer & Chesney-Lind, 2002)
The CJ system is fragmented
Over 50,000 different agencies responsible
Prisons account for the fastest growing segment of government employment (nearly 750,000 people in 2004)
Most people are imprisoned for non-violent crimes
Remember that Race, Class, Gender Matter
African American men disproportionately imprisoned
Women account for the fastest growing prison population
African American women: 571% increase in 20 years
Latinas: 131% increase in 20 years
Caucasian women: 75% increase in 20 years
More women are incarcerated per capita for drug crimes than men (about 34% of women and 19% of men)
60% of men and 40% of women unemployed at arrest, 1/3 earned less than 5000$ last year.
Privatization of prisons – total institutions and turning a profit for shareholders
Beck, A.J. (2000). Prisoners in 1999. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; Guerino, P., Harrison, P.M., & Sabol, P.M. (2011). Prisoners in 2010. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Prisoners in 1999 available online here: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/p99.pdf
Private prisons in Te.
1. The document discusses how music therapy can be used as a treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder. It focuses on how music therapy can help improve social skills like eye contact, communication, and joint attention for those with ASD.
2. One study looked at using music therapy in group sessions for 17 children ages 6-9 with ASD and found it increased eye contact among peers more than traditional social skills therapy alone.
3. Music therapy provides sensory and social experiences through activities like music making, games, and telling jokes set to music. This can help children with ASD practice social interactions.
The document provides an overview of Liz Gallo's final project on pursuing a career in social work. It details the results of her career and personality quizzes indicating a good fit for social work. Some key responsibilities of social workers are meeting with patients daily to help with various personal issues, having strong communication, listening, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills. The document also outlines the educational requirements, typical earnings, related career paths and questions Liz would ask someone shadowing in the field of social work.
This document discusses several issues related to dual relationships and boundary issues in social work clinical supervision. It begins by defining dual relationships as circumstances where social workers engage in relationships that could present conflicts of interest. This can occur when social workers' professional ethics are brought into question due to relationships where another role is assumed in addition to the professional one, such as sexual relationships with clients. The document then examines a case example where a social worker engaged in a sexual relationship with a client, which resulted in legal action against the social worker and their employer. It stresses the importance of social workers maintaining proper professional boundaries with clients to avoid exploitation and protect their professional integrity and responsibilities.
- The program aims to systematically follow up with suicidal individuals who call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline or are discharged from partner emergency departments.
- The goal is to promote continued support and monitoring of at-risk individuals after an initial crisis contact or emergency department visit.
- Grant funding will be provided to support eligible applicants who can demonstrate their ability to properly manage follow-up services for suicidal individuals.
Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity • a micro report by Rosie WellsRosie Wells
Insight: In a landscape where traditional narrative structures are giving way to fragmented and non-linear forms of storytelling, there lies immense potential for creativity and exploration.
'Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity' is a micro report from Rosie Wells.
Rosie Wells is an Arts & Cultural Strategist uniquely positioned at the intersection of grassroots and mainstream storytelling.
Their work is focused on developing meaningful and lasting connections that can drive social change.
Please download this presentation to enjoy the hyperlinks!
This presentation by Katharine Kemp, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law & Justice at UNSW Sydney, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
The remarkable life of Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.pptx
Justice
1. occupational therapy now volume 12.1 15
Are you aware of occupational justice in your practice?
How often have you been challenged by issues of occu-
pational injustice? How do occupational injustices limit
your clients’abilities for occupa-
tional engagement? As a group
of occupational therapists study-
ing the theoretical foundations
of our profession,these were the
questions we asked ourselves
as we discussed the concepts
of occupational justice.In this
article,we propose that many
of the clinical dilemmas which
occupational therapists face in
their daily practice can be framed
and addressed using concepts
of occupational justice.We have
challenged ourselves to apply
the concepts and language of
occupational justice to examples
of how occupational therapists
work with clients.
Occupational justice is a term
that emphasizes rights,responsi-
bilities,and liberties that enable
the individual to experience
health and quality of life through
engagement in occupations
(Townsend &Whiteford,2005;
Wilcock andTownsend,2000).In
an occupationally just environ-
ment,individuals have access to
adequate supports and resources
to participate in occupations that
are necessary and meaningful
to them (Townsend &Wilcock,
2004).Occupational injustices oc-
cur when people are denied the physical,social,econom-
ic,or cultural resources or opportunities to be engaged
in these meaningful occupations.Various possible out-
comes of experiencing an occupational injustice have
been proposed.Occupational deprivation is the result of
individuals being denied the opportunity and resources
to participate in occupations.Occupational alienation
can occur when people are required to participate in
occupations they find meaningless with little recogni-
tion or reward.Occupational marginalization can occur
when individuals lack the power to exercise occupation-
al choice as can occur when persons are stigmatized by
illness or disability.Finally,occupational imbalance can
occur when an individual is underemployed or unem-
ployed and has too little to do.Conversely,the individual
may be involved in too many occupations such as the
case of a single parent with multiple family and work
demands.
Adopting an occupational justice framework requires
occupational therapists to adjust the way they view
issues that prevent a client’s occupational engagement.
To frame an issue in occupational justice terms means
to identify the environmental and systems barriers that
prevent the client from engaging in occupations that
promote health and quality of life.The following scenar-
io serves to illustrate how an occupational therapist has
applied the occupational justice framework.
Sarah is almost 2 years old with a diagnosis of global
developmental delay resulting in delayed fine and gross
motor and play skills.She lives with her mother,siblings,
and grandparents in a small community a few hours
north of a major urban centre.The family has limited
finances and can only afford to pay for the necessities of
life.Due to jurisdictional issues that prevent provincially
funded programs from being offered in reserve communi-
ties,Sarah and her family must travel outside their home
community to meet with the occupational therapist,
Mary.When Mary asks Sarah’s mother what she plays
with at home,her mother responds that she likes Barbie
dolls and stuffed toys.Sarah’s mom states that Sarah does
not have any blocks,building toys,books,or crayons at
home.Recognizing that the family is unable to purchase
toys that promote the development of fine motor and
play skills,Mary recommends Sarah work on self-feeding
skills and identification of body parts as the purchase of
new resources would not be required.Mary recognizes
that her first response,wanting to give the family a
variety of toys,would not address the real problem.She
is aware that many families do not have access to simple
toys that can be used to promote development of their
child’s skills and abilities.
Framed in occupational justice language,Mary views
this issue as one of occupational deprivation.In this
case,the injustice is predicated by a social system which
does not provide enough funding to support children’s
Lynda Wolf, Jacquie Ripat, Ellen Davis, Pam Becker, and Jane MacSwiggan
Applying an occupational justice
framework
About the authors –
Lynda Wolf is a PhD can-
didate in Applied Health
Sciences at the University
of Manitoba and may be
reached at lbawolf@mts.
net.
Jacquie Ripat, MSc, OT
Reg(MB), OT(C), is an As-
sociate Professor in the
Department of Occupa-
tional Therapy and doctoral
candidate in the Applied
Health Sciences program,
University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, and
can be reached at ripatj@
cc.umanitoba.ca
Ellen Davis, OT Reg (MB), is
an MScRehab student at
the University of Manitoba
and may be reached at
davise@cc.manitoba.ca.
Pam Becker, BMR (OT), OT
Reg (MB), is the School
Therapy Services and
Therapeutic Recreation
Coordinator at the Rehab
Centre for Children in Man-
itoba an my be reached at
pamb@rccinc.ca.
Jane MacSwiggan, BOT,
OT Reg (MB), is a Clinical
Specialist at St. Boniface
Hospital in Winnipeg, Man-
itoba and may be reached
at cromlech@mts.net.
Theory Meets Practice
Column Editor:Heidi Cramm
2. occupational therapy now volume 12.116
development.As a result,this family lacks resources
to purchase toys that would enable Sarah’s play at a
developmentally appropriate level.Since Sarah’s fam-
ily was unable to buy simple toys for their children,the
solution to this occupational injustice seemed complex
and out of reach. Mary began by involving her manager
and team in developing a grant application to fund a
community toy lending library.Her second strategy was
to advocate for community based services for Sarah
and other children on their reserve.Mary used email to
contact a politician who was interested in service provi-
sion to reserve communities and highlighted the issue.
If therapists like Mary were able to see these children in
their homes,perhaps some aspects of the home environ-
ment could be used in achieving occupational therapy
goals.
In another scenario,we considered the occupational
injustice issues encountered by James,a 61 year-old man
who attends a Geriatric Day Hospital.
James experienced a recent CVA that has resulted in
visual impairment and deficits in executive function,
especially in making decisions.He lacks the ability to
determine his needs for assistance with personal care and
financial management. James lives on a limited disability
benefit through Employment Insurance.
InTable 1,we propose a process for addressing oc-
cupational justice issues in practice that can be used
to explore James’occupational injustice issues,identify
Table 1. A framework for addressing issues of occupational justice in practice.
Framework for addressing
issues of occupational
injustice
Suggested tools, methods,
and readings
Client example
Individual client event trigger-
ing awareness of issue
James is a 61 year old man who
has had a CVA
• visual and cognitive impair-
ment
• attends Geriatric Day Hospital
(average age of cohort is 79
years) and is not interested in
socializing with the older cohort
• limited finances, and no family
support
Framing issue as an occupa-
tional injustice
Engagement in occupation is a right and an
issue of inequity and injustice if this is not
achieved.
Townsend & Wilcock, 2004
Wilcock & Townsend, 2009
James’goal is to resume mean-
ingful employment. It is an
occupational injustice if he is not
able to secure meaningful
employment.
Naming issue as a specific type
of occupational injustice
For instance:
• occupational deprivation
• occupational alienation
• occupational marginalization
• occupational imbalance
Wilcock & Townsend, 2000
Occupational marginalization
James is not eligible to attend
existing training programs to
assist in attaining his goal of
becoming employed.
Identifying possible reasons for
that occupational injustice
Use of the“But Why”? technique
Federal, Provincial and Territorial Advisory
Committee on Population Health, 1999
James is unable to work.
But why is James unable to work?
Because his cognitive and visual
impairment preclude his ability
to resume employment as a taxi
driver.
But why is James not able to find
a different job?
Because there are no training
programs available to assist
James to attain his goal of
resuming employment.
But why are there no training
programs available for James?
Because the existing programs
are targeted for those considered
to be in the“employable”range –
under 60 years of age.
But why…?
3. occupational therapy now volume 12.1 17
avenues of influence open to occupational therapists
and develop a set of client-centred strategies. Readers
are invited to use the process to develop their own set
of strategies and action plans for James and their own
clients. While other frameworks address occupational
justice at a population level (Townsend &Whiteford,
2005),our process is initiated by an individual client-
identified issue.
Occupational injustices like those faced by Sarah and
her family cannot be resolved at an individual level.
Townsend andWilcock (2000) propose that occupa-
tional justice is achieved through a change in social
attitudes which acknowledge the value of diversity and
support the engagement of all persons in meaningful
occupations.The challenge for occupational therapists is
to identify and respond to occupational injustices in the
present in a manner that promotes occupational justice
in the future. As represented in our client scenarios,
these actions need not be grand but rather can be small
and incremental steps that are context specific and
work towards the larger goal of occupational justice.It
is our hope that by framing the issues our clients face in
occupational injustice terms,and providing a framework
for addressing the injustices,we can promote further
dialogue on ways we can address issues of occupational
justice in our daily work lives.
Framework for addressing
issues of occupational
injustice
Suggested tools, methods,
and readings
Client example
Recognizing avenues of
influence
What opportunities exist to influence the
issue at each level:
• Micro (client-clinician relationship)
• Meso (practice environment) and/or
• Macro (structure and organization of
health/social/education/political)
Restall & Ripat, 2008
Micro
• Individual client sessions
Meso
• liaise with employment
insurance case manager
Macro
• provincial politicians respon-
sible for health and social
services
• consumer groups
Taking action to address
occupational injustice within
avenues of influence
Client-centred strategies framework
• Personal reflection
• Client-centred processes
• Influencing practice settings
• Community organizing
• Coalition advocacy and political action
Restall, Ripat & Stern, 2003
The Canadian Model of Client-centred
Enablement
• Adapt
• Advocate
• Coach
• Collaborate
• Consult
• Coordinate
• Design/build
• Educate
• Engage
• Specializes
Townsend et al. (2007a)
Strategies used:
Client-centred processes
Occupational therapist coaches
James on development of
advocacy skills
Practice Settings
Day Hospital team advocates to
Employment Insurance case
manager to ensure that the
client receives the support and
services he is eligible for.
Political Action
Occupational therapist educates
candidates on the issue during a
provincial election campaign.
Coalition Advocacy
Occupational therapist collabo-
rates with the provincial Stroke
Associations to address the lack
of vocational services for clients
in James’age range.
Reframing practice and actions
as simultaneously working
towards occupational justice at
an individual and societal level.
Paul-Ward, 2009
Townsend et al., 2007b
Occupational therapist continues
to advocate on behalf of clients
such as James by working with
counterparts in other facilities to
identify, document and report to
management on the lack of
vocational programming for
clients under 65 years of age.
4. occupational therapy now volume 12.118
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge the contribu-
tions of Professor Ann Booth,BSc,MBA,OT(C),course
leader,in the development of this article,and the clients
such as Sarah and James who provide inspiration for ad-
dressing issues of occupational justice.
References
Federal,Provincial andTerritorial Advisory Committee on Popula-
tion Health (1999).Toward a healthy future:Second report
on the health of Canadians.Public Health Agency of Canada.
Retrieved from:http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/report-
rapport/toward/pdf/toward_a_healthy_english.PDF
Paul-Ward,A.(2009).Social and occupational justice barriers in the
transition from foster care to independent adulthood.Ameri-
can Journal of OccupationalTherapy,63,81-88.
Restall,G.& Ripat,J.(2008).Applicability and clinical utility of the
client-centred strategies framework.Canadian Journal of Oc-
cupationalTherapy,75,288-300.
Restall,G.,Ripat,J.& Stern,M.(2003).A framework of strategies
for client-centred practice.Canadian Journal of Occupational
Therapy,70, 103-112.
Townsend,E.A.,Beagan,B.,Kumas-Tan,Z.,Versnel,J.,Iwama,M.,
Landry,J.et al.(2007a).Enabling:Occupational therapy’s core
competency.In E.Townsend & H.J.Polatajko (Eds.),Enabling
occupation II:Advancing an occupational therapy vision for
health,well-being and justice through occupation. Ottawa:
CAOT Publications ACE.
Townsend,E.A.,Cockburn,L.,Letts,L.,Thibeault,R.&Trentham,B.
(2007b).Enabling social change.In E.Townsend & H.J.Polata-
jko (Eds.),Enabling occupation II:Advancing an occupational
therapy vision for health,well-being and justice through occupa-
tion.Ottawa:CAOT Publications ACE.
Townsend,A.&Wilcock,A.A.(2004).Occupational justice and
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Over the past ten years the Internet has transitioned
fromWeb 1.0,which was primarily a place to search
and download information,to a virtual place where
people can interact with each other to collaborate and
build communities of practice around topics of shared
interest. These changes were made possible by the
development of social software tools such as wikis,blogs,
podcasts and discussion forums that can harness the
collective intelligence of the users (O’Reilly,2005) thus
the transition toWeb 2.0 occurred.
The steady diffusion of innovation usingWeb 2.0 tools
by sectors such as business,education and politics has
not been shared by healthcare but this is now chang-
ing (Kamel Boulos &Wheeler,2007;McLean,Richards &
Wardman,2007;Seeman,2008). Hamilton and Penman
(in press) identify several factors that may explain the
slow uptake of online“social software”tools by health-
care practitioners,including:
1. The healthcare workplace culture values direct cli-
ent contact (McCluskey & Cusick,2002) in prefer-
ence to time spent on professional development.
2. Many health care settings limit access to comput-
ers and the Internet at work (McCluskey,2003;
Schaper & Pervan,2007).
3. Ongoing professional development is seen as a
personal responsibility (Jantzen,2008),not the
employer’s responsibility (Townsend,Sheffield,
Stadnyk & Beagan,2006).
4. Confidentiality,profes-
sionalism and self-protec-
tionism concern healthcare
practitioners and may
lead them to be sceptical
about usingWeb 2.0 tools
in practice (Baerlocher &
Detsky,2008).
The Internet has become a
virtual place for information
sharing and knowledge transfer
beyond traditional methods such
as books and journals. Web 2.0,with its capacity to con-
nect students,practitioners,researchers and the public,
is in a unique position to connect day to day questions
with formal research and can assist healthcare practitio-
Anita Hamilton
About the author –
Anita Hamilton,
BAppSc(OT), MOT, PhD
(candidate), OT(C) is an
Assistant Professor with
the Department of Oc-
cupational Therapy at the
University of Alberta in
Edmonton and may be
reached at
anita.hamilton@
ualberta.ca.
Diffusion of innovation:Web 2.0
Tele-Occupational Therapy
Column Editor:Lili Liu and Masako Miyazaki