Title: Diagnostics in Veterinary Oncology
Presented by: Ariana Verrilli, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology)
Description: This session will discuss the various tests currently available in veterinary oncology, from cytology and histopathology to DNA sequencing and genetic testing. We will review the pros and cons of multiple tests, the best use for each test, and how to interpret results. We will also review sample submissions and specific lab requirements as appropriate.
Translation of microarray data into clinically relevant cancer diagnostic tes...Tapan Baral
This study aimed to develop a simple and inexpensive diagnostic test to distinguish between malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and lung adenocarcinoma (ADCA) based on gene expression ratios, as current methods can be challenging. The researchers used microarray data from 31 MPM and 150 ADCA samples to identify genes with highly correlated expression levels between the two cancer types. They tested the accuracy of diagnostic ratios formed from combinations of two or three of these genes in differentiating between MPM and ADCA in 149 additional samples. Using two or three gene expression ratios achieved 95% and 99% accurate differential diagnosis, respectively, demonstrating this approach may provide a clinically useful diagnostic tool.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
Title: Diagnostics in Veterinary Oncology
Presented by: Ariana Verrilli, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology)
Description: This session will discuss the various tests currently available in veterinary oncology, from cytology and histopathology to DNA sequencing and genetic testing. We will review the pros and cons of multiple tests, the best use for each test, and how to interpret results. We will also review sample submissions and specific lab requirements as appropriate.
Translation of microarray data into clinically relevant cancer diagnostic tes...Tapan Baral
This study aimed to develop a simple and inexpensive diagnostic test to distinguish between malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and lung adenocarcinoma (ADCA) based on gene expression ratios, as current methods can be challenging. The researchers used microarray data from 31 MPM and 150 ADCA samples to identify genes with highly correlated expression levels between the two cancer types. They tested the accuracy of diagnostic ratios formed from combinations of two or three of these genes in differentiating between MPM and ADCA in 149 additional samples. Using two or three gene expression ratios achieved 95% and 99% accurate differential diagnosis, respectively, demonstrating this approach may provide a clinically useful diagnostic tool.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
The Coagulation Profile Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients with Standard and Vis...semualkaira
Coagulation disorders during COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and disease severity,
because two processes that interfere each other are thrombosis
and inflammation. Very important issue for clinicians is timely
and adequate hemostasis and inflammation monitoring in order to
prevent and treat potentially letal consequences.
Health economic modelling in the diagnostics development processcheweb1
This document discusses the use of health economic modelling in the diagnostics development process. It highlights the need for early decision modelling to efficiently design clinical research studies for new diagnostics. Decision modelling can also be used to assess the potential clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of diagnostics across different stages of the validation process. The document describes an example of decision modelling used to help design the OPTIMA trial, which evaluated multiple biomarker tests for stratifying breast cancer treatment. Close collaboration between different stakeholders is important for effective diagnostics evaluation.
kSORTTM is a non-invasive blood test that analyzes gene expression to assess immune risk in kidney transplant patients. The analytical performance of kSORTTM was validated in an independent clinical laboratory. Accuracy was high, with 87% agreement between kSORTTM results and biopsy results. Precision studies showed 15% variability in quantitative scores and 94% consistency in qualitative results over multiple runs. Sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 96% when excluding indeterminate results. Validation demonstrates that kSORTTM is analytically sound for clinical use in monitoring transplant patients.
Emerging diagnostic technologies proving the clinical application through g...Lyssa Friedman
Next Generation Sequencing is an exciting new technology for diagnostics companies. But is it right for all products and for all companies? This presentation was delivered via Webinar for a IVD audience for Q1 Productions, March 25, 2014.
Is insourcing NGS testing worth it?
Dartmouth-Hitchcock has experienced nearly 40% savings by bringing NGS testing in-house. A recent AMP study using non-small cell lung cancer as an example cites $2.7 million in anticipated savings.
In-house NGS testing is the foundation of any modern precision medicine program. It can have a profound effect on patient care. And, as these examples show, a strong business case can be made.
How have Dartmouth-Hitchcock and other progressive institutions been so successful despite myriad challenges?
Join us for a webinar on May 31st at 12pm ET as Eric Loo, MD (Dartmouth-Hitchcock) and Rakesh Nagarajan, MD, PhD (PierianDx) explore answers to this question and more.
In this webinar you will learn:
How recent precision medicine trends are driving strong market growth for clinical NGS and other complex molecular testing.
How to make a strong business case for in-house NGS testing.
Challenges your institution is likely to face by insourcing.
Blueprints for overcoming these challenges, including reimbursement.
Structure Based Prediction of Interacting Partners of WDR13Ashish Baghudana
The document describes a report on structure-based prediction of interacting partners of WDR13. It discusses homology modeling of the WDR13 structure using MODELLER and refinement through energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulations. Twelve potential interacting proteins were selected through literature review and docked against the WDR13 structure using ClusPro, GrammX, HexDock, PatchDock and ZDock servers. The report identifies FKBP1A, PIM1 and TGFβR1 as the top predicted interacting partners of WDR13 based on the docking results. Validation through additional studies such as electrostatic analysis, heat maps and co-immunoprecipitation would help confirm these predicted interactions.
This document summarizes a tumor board discussion of a case involving a 21-year-old patient presenting with loose stools and abdominal pain for 2 months. Key details include KRAS mutation testing of the patient's tumor sample, which showed no mutation. The discussion covers epidemiology of early-onset colorectal cancer in India, treatment options including chemotherapy and targeted therapies, and factors influencing first-line treatment decisions for metastatic colorectal cancer such as biomarker status and primary tumor location.
6-23-2015 AACC Poster HIV Incidence Assay - Stengelin_FinalLawrence Hwang
MSD developed multiplex electrochemiluminescence assays in various formats to discriminate recent from long-standing HIV infection using samples from a performance panel. Assays measuring antibody responses to gp120 and gp160 showed a 10-fold separation between incident and prevalent samples. Avidity assays for gp41, gp120, gp160 and p66 also separated the groups. The assays were developed in high-throughput and point-of-care formats. As a next step, the results need confirmation with a larger clinical sample set.
Report Back from ASCO 2023: What’s the Latest News in Metastatic Breast Cancer?bkling
Join Dr. Sherry Shen, breast oncologist from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, as she breaks down the recent research from the American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO), 2023 Annual Meeting. She will present what all the new data means to you and answer questions that you may have.
IRJET- Intelligent Prediction of Lung Cancer Via MRI Images using Morphologic...IRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed system to intelligently predict lung cancer using MRI images and morphological neural network analysis. The proposed system uses a three-stage approach: preprocessing MRI images, extracting features using wavelet decomposition and normalization, and classifying tissues as normal or abnormal using a morphological neural network with image pruning. This combination of morphological image processing and neural networks is intended to more efficiently classify cancer cells and identify affected regions than previous methods.
Poster_Molecular analysis of BRAF and RAS family genes in thyroid carcinoma i...Alexandra Papadopoulou
This study analyzed mutations in the BRAF and RAS family genes in 33 thyroid carcinoma samples from Greek patients. The samples represented the common types of thyroid cancer seen in the general population. DNA was extracted from tissue biopsies and tested for mutations in BRAF codon 600 and RAS codons 12, 13 and 61 via PCR and sequencing. No mutations were found in BRAF or the RAS genes tested. While the sample size was representative of thyroid cancer prevalence, the results need validation in a larger cohort given the reported mutually exclusivity of mutations and variability in prevalence depending on carcinoma type. A previous Greek study found higher mutation rates than reported literature, highlighting genetic differences between populations.
1) The document presents a study evaluating biochemical markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to diagnose postoperative meningitis.
2) The study compares CSF lactate levels, glucose ratios, and cell counts between patients with suspected meningitis and controls without meningitis.
3) The results show that high CSF lactate levels (>5.0 mmol/L) combined with a low CSF:blood glucose ratio (<0.4) can diagnose meningitis with 100% sensitivity and 60% specificity, outperforming conventional markers.
This study compared the effects of pre-storage vs post-storage pathogen reduction treatment on plasma constituents in fresh frozen plasma units. Biochemical, immune, and hemostatic parameters were analyzed in both groups. Results showed no clinically significant differences between the two groups in final plasma protein levels or activity of coagulation factors. Post-storage treated plasma remained high quality and could be effectively and safely inactivated prior to clinical use, providing an option for inactivating previously frozen units.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultra-High-Field MRS in Glioma PatientsUzay Emir
This study tested the efficacy of ultra-high-field (7T) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for predicting molecular characteristics of glioma tumors by visual inspection of MRS spectra. Participants in a workshop correctly identified the IDH mutation status in 11 out of 13 glioma patients by visually inspecting 7T MRS spectra, demonstrating the potential of 7T MRS for non-invasive glioma diagnosis and precision medicine strategies. While 2-HG detection is challenging at lower field strengths, 7T MRS provides improved detection and resolution of metabolic biomarkers like 2-HG that can help classify glioma molecular subtypes.
Enabling Translational Medicine with e-ScienceOla Spjuth
This document discusses how e-science can enable translational medicine and support cancer research. It highlights several projects using e-science approaches:
1) The SAIL method integrates data across biobanks to enable cross-archive research.
2) eCPC uses imaging analysis, biomarkers, and microsimulation modeling on high-performance computing to develop more accurate risk prediction and screening strategies.
3) The ClinSeq project applies clinical sequencing, machine learning, and data integration to develop individualized cancer diagnostics and define clinically relevant biomarkers.
This document provides a pathology report for a 34-year-old female patient. It summarizes the findings from biopsies of the right and left breast. For the right breast, it finds an invasive ductal carcinoma measuring 1.5 x 1.3 x 1 cm. Three of 39 lymph nodes from the right axilla showed metastatic carcinoma. The left breast tissue showed benign findings with no evidence of malignancy. The conclusion is infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast with metastasis to 3 lymph nodes, classified as T1c/N1a.
Data Science in Healthcare -The University Malaya Medical Centre Breast Cance...University of Malaya
The document discusses an MRI report for a patient with a history of metastatic breast cancer. The MRI showed abnormal high signal intensity lesions in multiple vertebral bodies, sacrum, ilium and sternum, consistent with known metastatic disease. Correlation was made with a previous CT from two months prior.
This ppt will give you an idea about the basic phases of a clinical biochem lab, its requirements, details about vacutainers and the additives. Finally will give an idea about the significance of the clinical biochemistry branch in health care.
This presentation will guide you how to prepare a journal club on a systematic review and meta analysis. This will help you to understand, the LEVEL OF EVIDENCE, Difference between systematic review and meta analysis, Forest plot, funnel plot and PRISMA guidelines.
Health economic modelling in the diagnostics development processcheweb1
This document discusses the use of health economic modelling in the diagnostics development process. It highlights the need for early decision modelling to efficiently design clinical research studies for new diagnostics. Decision modelling can also be used to assess the potential clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of diagnostics across different stages of the validation process. The document describes an example of decision modelling used to help design the OPTIMA trial, which evaluated multiple biomarker tests for stratifying breast cancer treatment. Close collaboration between different stakeholders is important for effective diagnostics evaluation.
kSORTTM is a non-invasive blood test that analyzes gene expression to assess immune risk in kidney transplant patients. The analytical performance of kSORTTM was validated in an independent clinical laboratory. Accuracy was high, with 87% agreement between kSORTTM results and biopsy results. Precision studies showed 15% variability in quantitative scores and 94% consistency in qualitative results over multiple runs. Sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 96% when excluding indeterminate results. Validation demonstrates that kSORTTM is analytically sound for clinical use in monitoring transplant patients.
Emerging diagnostic technologies proving the clinical application through g...Lyssa Friedman
Next Generation Sequencing is an exciting new technology for diagnostics companies. But is it right for all products and for all companies? This presentation was delivered via Webinar for a IVD audience for Q1 Productions, March 25, 2014.
Is insourcing NGS testing worth it?
Dartmouth-Hitchcock has experienced nearly 40% savings by bringing NGS testing in-house. A recent AMP study using non-small cell lung cancer as an example cites $2.7 million in anticipated savings.
In-house NGS testing is the foundation of any modern precision medicine program. It can have a profound effect on patient care. And, as these examples show, a strong business case can be made.
How have Dartmouth-Hitchcock and other progressive institutions been so successful despite myriad challenges?
Join us for a webinar on May 31st at 12pm ET as Eric Loo, MD (Dartmouth-Hitchcock) and Rakesh Nagarajan, MD, PhD (PierianDx) explore answers to this question and more.
In this webinar you will learn:
How recent precision medicine trends are driving strong market growth for clinical NGS and other complex molecular testing.
How to make a strong business case for in-house NGS testing.
Challenges your institution is likely to face by insourcing.
Blueprints for overcoming these challenges, including reimbursement.
Structure Based Prediction of Interacting Partners of WDR13Ashish Baghudana
The document describes a report on structure-based prediction of interacting partners of WDR13. It discusses homology modeling of the WDR13 structure using MODELLER and refinement through energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulations. Twelve potential interacting proteins were selected through literature review and docked against the WDR13 structure using ClusPro, GrammX, HexDock, PatchDock and ZDock servers. The report identifies FKBP1A, PIM1 and TGFβR1 as the top predicted interacting partners of WDR13 based on the docking results. Validation through additional studies such as electrostatic analysis, heat maps and co-immunoprecipitation would help confirm these predicted interactions.
This document summarizes a tumor board discussion of a case involving a 21-year-old patient presenting with loose stools and abdominal pain for 2 months. Key details include KRAS mutation testing of the patient's tumor sample, which showed no mutation. The discussion covers epidemiology of early-onset colorectal cancer in India, treatment options including chemotherapy and targeted therapies, and factors influencing first-line treatment decisions for metastatic colorectal cancer such as biomarker status and primary tumor location.
6-23-2015 AACC Poster HIV Incidence Assay - Stengelin_FinalLawrence Hwang
MSD developed multiplex electrochemiluminescence assays in various formats to discriminate recent from long-standing HIV infection using samples from a performance panel. Assays measuring antibody responses to gp120 and gp160 showed a 10-fold separation between incident and prevalent samples. Avidity assays for gp41, gp120, gp160 and p66 also separated the groups. The assays were developed in high-throughput and point-of-care formats. As a next step, the results need confirmation with a larger clinical sample set.
Report Back from ASCO 2023: What’s the Latest News in Metastatic Breast Cancer?bkling
Join Dr. Sherry Shen, breast oncologist from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, as she breaks down the recent research from the American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO), 2023 Annual Meeting. She will present what all the new data means to you and answer questions that you may have.
IRJET- Intelligent Prediction of Lung Cancer Via MRI Images using Morphologic...IRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed system to intelligently predict lung cancer using MRI images and morphological neural network analysis. The proposed system uses a three-stage approach: preprocessing MRI images, extracting features using wavelet decomposition and normalization, and classifying tissues as normal or abnormal using a morphological neural network with image pruning. This combination of morphological image processing and neural networks is intended to more efficiently classify cancer cells and identify affected regions than previous methods.
Poster_Molecular analysis of BRAF and RAS family genes in thyroid carcinoma i...Alexandra Papadopoulou
This study analyzed mutations in the BRAF and RAS family genes in 33 thyroid carcinoma samples from Greek patients. The samples represented the common types of thyroid cancer seen in the general population. DNA was extracted from tissue biopsies and tested for mutations in BRAF codon 600 and RAS codons 12, 13 and 61 via PCR and sequencing. No mutations were found in BRAF or the RAS genes tested. While the sample size was representative of thyroid cancer prevalence, the results need validation in a larger cohort given the reported mutually exclusivity of mutations and variability in prevalence depending on carcinoma type. A previous Greek study found higher mutation rates than reported literature, highlighting genetic differences between populations.
1) The document presents a study evaluating biochemical markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to diagnose postoperative meningitis.
2) The study compares CSF lactate levels, glucose ratios, and cell counts between patients with suspected meningitis and controls without meningitis.
3) The results show that high CSF lactate levels (>5.0 mmol/L) combined with a low CSF:blood glucose ratio (<0.4) can diagnose meningitis with 100% sensitivity and 60% specificity, outperforming conventional markers.
This study compared the effects of pre-storage vs post-storage pathogen reduction treatment on plasma constituents in fresh frozen plasma units. Biochemical, immune, and hemostatic parameters were analyzed in both groups. Results showed no clinically significant differences between the two groups in final plasma protein levels or activity of coagulation factors. Post-storage treated plasma remained high quality and could be effectively and safely inactivated prior to clinical use, providing an option for inactivating previously frozen units.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultra-High-Field MRS in Glioma PatientsUzay Emir
This study tested the efficacy of ultra-high-field (7T) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for predicting molecular characteristics of glioma tumors by visual inspection of MRS spectra. Participants in a workshop correctly identified the IDH mutation status in 11 out of 13 glioma patients by visually inspecting 7T MRS spectra, demonstrating the potential of 7T MRS for non-invasive glioma diagnosis and precision medicine strategies. While 2-HG detection is challenging at lower field strengths, 7T MRS provides improved detection and resolution of metabolic biomarkers like 2-HG that can help classify glioma molecular subtypes.
Enabling Translational Medicine with e-ScienceOla Spjuth
This document discusses how e-science can enable translational medicine and support cancer research. It highlights several projects using e-science approaches:
1) The SAIL method integrates data across biobanks to enable cross-archive research.
2) eCPC uses imaging analysis, biomarkers, and microsimulation modeling on high-performance computing to develop more accurate risk prediction and screening strategies.
3) The ClinSeq project applies clinical sequencing, machine learning, and data integration to develop individualized cancer diagnostics and define clinically relevant biomarkers.
This document provides a pathology report for a 34-year-old female patient. It summarizes the findings from biopsies of the right and left breast. For the right breast, it finds an invasive ductal carcinoma measuring 1.5 x 1.3 x 1 cm. Three of 39 lymph nodes from the right axilla showed metastatic carcinoma. The left breast tissue showed benign findings with no evidence of malignancy. The conclusion is infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast with metastasis to 3 lymph nodes, classified as T1c/N1a.
Data Science in Healthcare -The University Malaya Medical Centre Breast Cance...University of Malaya
The document discusses an MRI report for a patient with a history of metastatic breast cancer. The MRI showed abnormal high signal intensity lesions in multiple vertebral bodies, sacrum, ilium and sternum, consistent with known metastatic disease. Correlation was made with a previous CT from two months prior.
This ppt will give you an idea about the basic phases of a clinical biochem lab, its requirements, details about vacutainers and the additives. Finally will give an idea about the significance of the clinical biochemistry branch in health care.
This presentation will guide you how to prepare a journal club on a systematic review and meta analysis. This will help you to understand, the LEVEL OF EVIDENCE, Difference between systematic review and meta analysis, Forest plot, funnel plot and PRISMA guidelines.
Understanding about the biochemical aspects of inborn errors of aminoacid metabolism is important in the field of pediatrics, metabolic medicine and medical genetics. This presentation mainly includes the biochemical aspects, the enzyme defect, clinical features, Screening and diagnostic testing modalities with their reference and management. Recent developments in the field of IEM is also added
This document discusses jaundice and provides details on three case studies. It defines jaundice as yellowish discoloration of skin and eyes due to hyperbilirubinemia. The document outlines bilirubin metabolism and the pathways of hemolytic, hepatic, and obstructive jaundice. Specific causes, signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings are provided for each pathway. The cases demonstrate examples of hemolytic, hepatic, and obstructive jaundice.
The document discusses genomic DNA isolation and quantification. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which include an introduction to DNA extraction methods and purposes. It then covers the history of DNA extraction and defines the key steps in the process - cell lysis, removal of cellular proteins, DNA precipitation with ethanol, and quantification. Common sample sources and extraction methods like phenol-chloroform and solid phase are described. The four main steps of extraction are detailed along with storing extracted DNA.
This document discusses biological oxidation and the electron transport chain (ETC). It begins by defining key concepts in bioenergetics like high energy compounds, substrate-level phosphorylation, and biological oxidation. It then describes the components and functioning of the ETC, including its role in generating ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. Specific enzymes and cofactors involved in biological oxidation reactions are examined, including dehydrogenases, oxygenases, oxidases, and hydroperoxidases. The roles of coenzymes like NAD+, FAD, and cytochromes in transferring electrons are also outlined.
Interleukin 6, which is an inflammatory marker for various diseases including COVID-19. Interleukins which mediate the leukocyte cross-talk, Upto 38ILs so far identified, named according to the order of discovery. These are involved in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory/ autoimmune diseases. Interleukins and other cytokines which have a significant role in acute inflammation are IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and Chemokines. IL-6, Produced by fibroblasts, monocytes/ macrophages, T-Lymphocytes, B-Lymphocytes, epithelial cells, keratinocytes and various tumor cells and Induced in normal cells by IL-1/ TNF-α / PDGF/ Viral infection.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
3. Journal: Eye
Impact factor-4.456(2022 Journal citation reports)
Official journal of “The ROYAL COLLEGE of OPHTHALMOLOGISTS”
Index-Scopus/Medline(PubMed)/Google Scholar
ISSN: 0950-222X, and eISSN: 1476-5454.
Subscription/Open access
Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Sobha Sivaprasad
Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College
London, UK
25-06-2023 DR SARATH KRISHNAN M P/JR3/BCHEM/AIIMSR 3
4. Level of evidence
25-06-2023 DR SARATH KRISHNAN M P/JR3/BCHEM/AIIMSR 4
*Evidence pyramid. Source: The University of Alabama at Birmingham, available from: https://guides.library.uab.edu/ebd/evidencestrength
Our Article of
Interest
7. Topic of Research-Keratoconus
Exact Pathophysiology: Not properly known
Theories
1. Immunological factors
2. Genetic factors
3. Environmental factors
4. Inflammatory mediators (Cytokines)
25-06-2023 DR SARATH KRISHNAN M P/JR3/BCHEM/AIIMSR 7
8. Background of the study
Thyroxin was found to cause biochemical changes in the corneal stroma as a
result of thyroxin–receptor interaction
El-Massry A, Doheim MF, Iqbal M, Fawzy O, Said OM, Yousif MO, et al. Association between keratoconus
and thyroid gland dysfunction: a casecontrol study. J Refract Surg. 2020;36:253–7.
Vitamin D enhances VDR and activates autophagic lysosomal clearance in
oxidatively damaged human corneal epithelial cells.
Shivakumar S, Rohit S, Ghosh A, Jeyabalan N. Vitamin D enhances the autophagic lysosomal clearance in
oxidatively stressed human corneal epithelial cells: a therapeutic intervention for keratoconus. Investig
Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:2819.
25-06-2023 DR SARATH KRISHNAN M P/JR3/BCHEM/AIIMSR 8
9. Research Question???
Is there any association between vitamin D level, VDR
polymorphism, and thyroid disorders in KC patients ?
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10. Subjects and Methods
Study design: Prospective, Observational, Cross sectional study
Place of Study: Mansoura ophthalmic center, Mansoura University, Egypt
Time period: March 2021 to September 2021
Sample size calculation: https://www.openepi.com/SampleSize/SSMean.htm
Study Sample size: 177 keratoconus patients + 85 healthy controls
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11. Subjects and Methods
Diagnosis of keratoconus: Slit lamp
Biomicroscopy
Slit Lamp examination: Flat (K1), Steep
(K2), and maximum (Kmax) simulated
keratometric readings, and corneal
pachymetry
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12. Subjects and Methods
CASES-INCLUSION CRITERIA
Slit lamb examination confirmed
cases of Keratoconus
CASES-EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Ophthalmic pathology other than KC
KC with known thyroid disease
KC with known systemic disorders
KC patients who didn't provide
informed consent
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13. Subjects and Methods
CONTROLS-INCLUSION CRITERIA
Healthy individuals with Normal
cornea
CONTROLS-EXCLUSION CRITERIA
With known thyroid disease
With any systemic illness
Healthy individuals who didn't
provide informed consent
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14. Research Algorithm
5ml Venous
blood
3ml on Plain
Vial
Serum
FT3,FT4 &
TSH
Serum
25HCC
2ml on EDTA
vial
PCR-RFLP
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15. Laboratory investigations-Hormonal Study
Hormonal assessment: All cases and controls
FT3; FT4; TSH: ELISA (CTK Biotech (San Diego, CA,USA)).
Interpretation of TFT
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Euthyroidism FT3,FT4 & TSH-N/L
Subclinical Hypothyroidism High TSH(FT3 &FT4-N/L)
Overt Hypothyroidism High TSH (Low FT3 and/or FT4)
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Low TSH (FT3&FT4-N/L)
Overt Hyperthyroidism Low TSH (High FT3 and/or FT4)
16. Laboratory investigations-Hormonal Study
25HCC: ELISA (MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA)).
Interpretation of 25HCC: 2012 American Endocrine Society guidelines
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Sufficiency >30ng/ml
Insufficiency 21-30ng/ml
Deficiency <20ng/ml
17. Laboratory investigations-Genetic Study
(PCR)
VDR gene polymorphism: Taq I (rs731236); Apa I (rs7975232); Bsm I
(rs1544410)
DNA isolation: Gene Jet gene DNA Purification kits -Thermo Scientific (Rath
Business Park, Dublin, Ireland)
Amplification of Genomic DNA- PCR (Thermocycler)
Validation: National center for Biotechnology information
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VDR polymorphisms FP RP
Taq I (rs731236) 5′-CGGGGAGTATGAAGGACAAA-3′ 5′-CCATCTCTCAGGCTCC AAAG-3′
Apa I (rs7975232) 5′-CTAGGTCTGGATCCTAAATGCA-3′ 5′-TTAGGTTGGACAGGAGAGAGAA-3′
Bsm I (rs1544410) 5′-CTAGGTCTGG ATCCTAAATGCA-3′ 5′-TTAGGTTGGACAGGA GAGAGAA-3′
18. Laboratory investigations-Genetic Study
(PCR)
PCR master mix 25uL
FP 25pmoL
RP 25pmoL
Genomic DNA 10mcg
NFW 18uL
Total 50uL
Initial denaturation 95°C for 3min
Denaturation 95°C for 30sec
Annealing Taq I
(rs731236)
61°C for 30sec
Annealing Apa I
(rs7975232)
72°C for 30sec
Annealing Bsm I
(rs1544410)
58.5°C for 30sec
Extension 72°C for 30sec
Final extension 72°C for 5min
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30
Cycles
19. Laboratory investigations-Genetic Study
(RFLP)
Restriction enzymes
DNA fragments: Visualised using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis in UV light
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PCR products of Taq I (rs731236) Taq I (Thermo scientific)
PCR products of Apa I (rs7975232) Apa I (Thermo scientific)
PCR products of Bsm I (rs1544410) Bsm I (Thermo scientific)
20. Agarose gel electrophoresis
showing the PCR-RFLP of VDR
genotypes.
A) Apa I genotypes. Lanes 3, 4,
6, 7, and 9 represent Aa
genotype. Lanes 5, 10, and
12 represent AA genotype.
Lanes 8 and 11 represent aa
genotype.
B) Taq I genotypes: Lanes 1, 4,
and 5 represent Tt
genotype. Lanes 2, 6, 7, and
9 represent TT genotype.
Lane 3 represents tt
genotype.
C) Bsm I genotypes: Lanes 1,
2, 3, 5, 6,8, 9, 10, and 12
represent BB genotype.
Lanes 4 and 11 represent Bb
genotype. Lane 7 represents
bb genotype.
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21. Statistical Analysis
SPSS program for Windows (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL) version 22.
Normal distribution: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
?What is Kolmogorov-Smirnov test???????
?Any other method for normality testing????
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22. Statistical Analysis
Quantitative data: NOT NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED- MEDIAN (IQR)
Qualitative data: NUMBER & PERCENTAGES
Median comparison: MANN-WHITNEY U TEST
???Other tests for median comparison
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23. Statistical Analysis
Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test : Association between categorical
variables.
Chi-square test : Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)
A logistic regression model – Backward stepwise method
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24. Results
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Study Analysis
Cases Controls
Hormonal and
genetic analysis
Hormonal and
genetic analysis
Comparison of demographic and lab data of cases and
controls
VDR genotypes and gene variant alleles in KC Vs Control group
Vit D levels
among VDR
genotypes in
KC patients
Log
Regression
analysis in
KC group
26. Table 2
Distribution of VDR
genotypes and gene
variant alleles in KC
patients versus
control group.
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27. Table 3
Comparison of
Vitamin D level
among studied
VDR genotypes in
KC patients.
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29. Discussion
Higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction Hypothyroidism in KC patients
Karabulut et al.: Patients with Grave’s disease have significantly altered corneal
biomechanical properties
Gatzioufas et al.: Hypothyroidism may induce corneal topographical and
biomechanical changes or even exacerbate KC
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30. Discussion
Significant decrease in serum vitamin D level in KC patients than the control
group
Akkaya and Ulusoy : Lower serum vitamin D level in KC patients when
compared to the healthy controls inflammatory and immunological nature of
the KC.
Ghanavati et al.: Inflammatory, apoptotic, or oxidative mechanisms may cause
ocular surface affection due to vitamin D deficiency.
Evaluating serum vitamin D levels in KC patients at the onset and the follow-up
examinations may predict the disease course
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31. Discussion
Taq I (rs731236) VDR polymorphism: tt genotype had a higher risk to develop
KC[OR=3.45] as t allele was more prevalent in KC patients [OR=1.94]
T allele was shown to have a protective effect against the disease
Assessment of vitamin D level:
TT genotype: Higher serum Vit-D level
Tt genotype: Insufficient serum Vit-D level
tt genotype: Deficient serum Vit-D level
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33. Limitations of the study
Didn’t correlate the vitamin D level to keratoconus grade and the state of
progression.
Assessment of parathyroid hormone.
Future studies are needed to assess this relationship and to confirm the effect
of vitamin D supplementation on keratoconus stability.
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34. Conclusion
Known Before???
The study adds:
Thyroid dysfunction and vitamin D deficiency are significantly associated with
keratoconus
Vitamin D receptor polymorphism is associated with keratoconus
development
Taq I (rs731236) VDR polymorphism: tt genotype had a higher risk to develop
KC[OR=3.45] as t allele was more prevalent in KC patients [OR=1.94]
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35. Critical appraisal
Names of VDR polymorphisms not mentioned in the introduction part
The authors mentioned the study as prospective, but in this cross-sectional
study, no prospective follow-up was done.
Ideally, the number of controls should be equal or greater compared to the
number of case subjects, which is not followed in this study.
Sample size calculation is done through online software, but the reference
article, power and alpha error were not mentioned.
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36. Critical appraisal
PCR-RFLP: The size of the PCR product, digestion product, and DNA ladder used
were not mentioned.
Genotype analysis: Failed to mention which is wild and which is a mutant
variety properly.
In Table 3, they compared three medians, which will not be possible with
Mann-Whitney, so the use of Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA was not
mentioned.
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37. Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency
Of health Research
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38. Strengthening The Reporting of OBservational
studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)
Title and abstract
(a) Indicate the study’s design with a commonly used
term in the title or the abstract
(b) Provide in the abstract an informative and
balanced summary of what was done and what
was found
Yes(Both are mentioned)
Introduction
Background/rationale
Objectives
Yes(Both mentioned)
Methods
Study design
Setting
Participants
Variables
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
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39. Strengthening The Reporting of OBservational
studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)
Data sources/ measurement
Bias
Study size
Quantitative variables
Statistical methods
Yes
No
Incomplete calculation
Yes
Incomplete
Results
Participants
Descriptive data
Outcome data
Main results
Other analyses
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Discussion
Key results
Limitations
Interpretation
Generalizability
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Funding Mentioned
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40. Thank you & Have a Nice day
25-06-2023 DR SARATH KRISHNAN M P/JR3/BCHEM/AIIMSR 40
Editor's Notes
The corresponding author is Dr. Eman A. Awad, and the study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology, Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Egypt. The article was accepted in June 2022 and published in August 2022 in the journal Eye.
Impact Factor: Evaluate the relative importance of a journal within its field. Total number of times its articles were cited during the two previous years / Total number of citable articles in this journal during those two years. Scientometric index calculated by Clarivate
Levels of evidence (sometimes called hierarchy of evidence) are assigned to studies based on the methodological quality of their design, validity, and applicability to patient care. These decisions gives the "grade (or strength) of recommendation."
PICO-T(Time frame of interest)
Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive ectatic corneal disease, characterized by conical protrusion of the cornea with progressive thinning resulting in myopia, irregular astigmatism, and associated with severe visual impairment
Tell this first in this slide
Thyroid dysfunction and Vit D deficiency reported in KC patients
VDR receptors are present in Cornea, Lens and Retinal pigment
Registered in Clinical trials: www.clinicaltrails.gov
All types of clinical studies which includes human subjects with informed consent, i.e. interventional, observational, bioavailability/bioequivalence and post-marketing studies should be registered in the CTRI(Clinical trail registry-India)
Corneal pachymetry is used to detect Corneal thickness at the apex. The anterior corneal topography is measured by two meridians: K1 and K2. Km is the average of K1 and K2. Diopter: Unit used for demonstrate optical power
The blood samples for hormonal assessment were centrifuged then serum samples were stored at −20 °C till the analysis time
The rsID number is a unique label ("rs" followed by a number) used by researchers and databases to identify a specific SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism). It stands for Reference SNP cluster ID and is the naming convention used for most SNPs.
Universal Automatic SNP Identification System
In the figure A: 1 and 2 lanes not mentioned. In figure B 8 not mentioned
Statistical Package for Social Sciences; Recent version of SPSS –Sept 2022-v29; Normal distribution : Data are distributed without any skew/Data should distributed around a central tendency;Skew: Asymmetry in a symmetrical bell curve/normal distribution; KS: comparison has been made b/w observed sample distribution and theoretical sample distribution: Ho=no difference, Dn>Critical value(Alpha value-probability of obtaining the result by chance) reject the null hypothesis or P<0.05; Shapiro wilk test-<50,KS>50,Shapiro wilk more powerful and accurate
Median is the middle point in a dataset; IQR: Interquartile range (IQR) is the range of values in which the middle 50% of the scores are found; MWU: non parametric test used to find any difference between two independent groups.it compares the median; Ho=no difference; U statistic>Critical value-reject null/P<0.05. Kruskal Wallis H test: 3 or more; each contain at least 5
Chi square test: to measure the differences between observed and expected value based on an assumed hypothesis; formula; contingency table-qualitative data in form of frequencies and it contain to events; Xca>ex-reject null, p<0.05; Ho=no difference. FET: same function; when >20% cell less than 5; more complex. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.H0-are in,p>0.05
Df: measurements of the number of values in the statistic that are free to vary without influencing the result of the statistic.
Odds ratio: odds of exposure in cases/odds of exposure in controls
Hardy Weinberg equation revealed that TaqI, ApaI and BsmI genotypes in two groups are in HWE.
Assessment of parathyroid hormone : Its effect on thyroid hormones and vitamin D which may have a direct role in KC development.
KNOWN BEFORE: Exact pathophysiology of keratoconus is not well understood. Thyroid disorders and vitamin D may play a role in disease development
Critical appraisal is the process of carefully and systematically examining research evidence to judge its trustworthiness, its value and relevance in a particular context.
Database developed to tackle the problems of inadequate reporting systematically and on a global scale. It brings together researchers, medical journal editors, peer reviewers, developers of reporting guidelines, research funding bodies and other collaborators for improving the quality of research publications.