Evidências científicas para a ação anticancer da própolis de Baccharis dracunculifolia
(SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCES TO PHARMACOLOGICAL ANTICANCER ACTION OF Baccharis dracunculifolia BRAZILIAN PROPOLIS)
O documento discute vários aspectos da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, hipertensão e arteriopatia obstrutiva periférica, incluindo suas definições, sintomas e terapias convencionais. Também apresenta diversas plantas medicinais utilizadas no tratamento dessas patologias, como o alho, o ginkgo e a castanha-da-índia, descrevendo suas propriedades, mecanismos de ação e doses.
Hello. This is my first upload of my presentation regarding about herb plant - Cymbopogon citratus (commonly called it - Lemongrass). It is derived from several resources, mainly from monograph. This is part of my assignment and I would like to share it out. Feel free to comment for any related topic. Hope it helps to your finding. Thank you.
This study investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, and chemopreventive properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The extracts were also evaluated for their antiproliferative effects on liver, colon, and breast cancer cell lines, as well as their ability to induce quinone reductase activity in liver cells as a measure of cancer chemoprevention. The results showed that the methanol extract had higher radical scavenging activity than the dichloromethane extract. Both extracts inhibited the growth of cancer cells, but the dichloromethane extract more strongly induced
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of carvacrol, a natural compound, on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa and SiHa cells). The results showed that carvacrol inhibited the proliferation of both HeLa and SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of around 50 μg/mL, as measured by MTT and LDH assays. Treatment with carvacrol induced apoptosis in the cancer cells, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation patterns. This study demonstrates that carvacrol has cytotoxic effects on human cervical cancer cells and suggests it may have potential therapeutic value for treating cervical cancer.
research paper publication presentation for accademic purposesreejiths484867
The document provides information on Lansium domesticum Correa, a tree that bears two types of edible fruits known as Langsat and Duku. It discusses the botanical classification, distinguishing characteristics, nutritional value, traditional medicinal uses, and phytochemical composition of the two fruit types. The objectives and methodology are outlined for a study that will conduct phytochemical analysis, FTIR profiling, HPTLC fingerprinting, and evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and hepatoprotective properties of extracts from Langsat and Duku fruits. The expected outcomes are the scientific validation of these tropical fruits for healthcare uses and identification of bioactive compounds responsible
This document provides an overview of the Pharmacology course for II Year Pharm D students at P.E.S. College of Pharmacy in Bangalore, India. The course covers general pharmacology topics including definitions, history, sources of drugs, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic uses of drugs. Drugs are obtained from synthetic, natural, and microbiological sources. Natural sources include plants (alkaloids, glycosides, oils, gums, resins, tannins), animals (insulin, thyroid extracts), and microbes (penicillin, chloramphenicol). The course will help students understand the basic principles of how drugs act in the body.
O documento discute vários aspectos da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, hipertensão e arteriopatia obstrutiva periférica, incluindo suas definições, sintomas e terapias convencionais. Também apresenta diversas plantas medicinais utilizadas no tratamento dessas patologias, como o alho, o ginkgo e a castanha-da-índia, descrevendo suas propriedades, mecanismos de ação e doses.
Hello. This is my first upload of my presentation regarding about herb plant - Cymbopogon citratus (commonly called it - Lemongrass). It is derived from several resources, mainly from monograph. This is part of my assignment and I would like to share it out. Feel free to comment for any related topic. Hope it helps to your finding. Thank you.
This study investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, and chemopreventive properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The extracts were also evaluated for their antiproliferative effects on liver, colon, and breast cancer cell lines, as well as their ability to induce quinone reductase activity in liver cells as a measure of cancer chemoprevention. The results showed that the methanol extract had higher radical scavenging activity than the dichloromethane extract. Both extracts inhibited the growth of cancer cells, but the dichloromethane extract more strongly induced
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of carvacrol, a natural compound, on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa and SiHa cells). The results showed that carvacrol inhibited the proliferation of both HeLa and SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of around 50 μg/mL, as measured by MTT and LDH assays. Treatment with carvacrol induced apoptosis in the cancer cells, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation patterns. This study demonstrates that carvacrol has cytotoxic effects on human cervical cancer cells and suggests it may have potential therapeutic value for treating cervical cancer.
research paper publication presentation for accademic purposesreejiths484867
The document provides information on Lansium domesticum Correa, a tree that bears two types of edible fruits known as Langsat and Duku. It discusses the botanical classification, distinguishing characteristics, nutritional value, traditional medicinal uses, and phytochemical composition of the two fruit types. The objectives and methodology are outlined for a study that will conduct phytochemical analysis, FTIR profiling, HPTLC fingerprinting, and evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and hepatoprotective properties of extracts from Langsat and Duku fruits. The expected outcomes are the scientific validation of these tropical fruits for healthcare uses and identification of bioactive compounds responsible
This document provides an overview of the Pharmacology course for II Year Pharm D students at P.E.S. College of Pharmacy in Bangalore, India. The course covers general pharmacology topics including definitions, history, sources of drugs, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic uses of drugs. Drugs are obtained from synthetic, natural, and microbiological sources. Natural sources include plants (alkaloids, glycosides, oils, gums, resins, tannins), animals (insulin, thyroid extracts), and microbes (penicillin, chloramphenicol). The course will help students understand the basic principles of how drugs act in the body.
This document outlines a research proposal on investigating the ethnobotany and ethnomedicine of plants in Goa. The proposal discusses the need to study indigenous medicinal plant knowledge and potential plant-based treatments for diseases like diabetes, viral infections, and cancer. The aims are to study pharmacologically active local wild plants, isolate bioactive compounds, and culture plants with bioactivities. The methodology proposed includes collecting plant samples, preparing extracts using different solvents, and testing extracts for activities like antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral effects. Characterization of bioactive compounds using chromatography and spectroscopy is also proposed. A timeline outlines the activities over 5 years including literature review, screening plants,
This document discusses a study on the production and optimization of pullulan using different substrates. It finds that jaggery is the best carbon source and corn steep liquor is the best nitrogen source for high pullulan production. Pullulan has various applications including drug delivery, wound dressings, food preservatives, and wastewater treatment. Future areas of research include exploring industrial-scale applications of pullulan in foods and developing metabolic engineering approaches to improve pullulan yields during fermentation.
Oral spray, Wafers and fast Dissolving.pptxParikshithKNV
This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of different buccal drug delivery systems, including oral sprays, mucoadhesive wafers, and orally fast-dissolving tablets. For oral sprays, a microemulsion-based clove oil spray was developed for treating oral candidiasis and was evaluated for particle size, pH, viscosity, drug content, antimicrobial activity, release, and stability. Mucoadhesive wafers containing probiotic bacteria were prepared via lyophilization and evaluated for morphology, viability of bacteria, mucoadhesion, and mechanical properties. Orally fast-dissolving tablets of etilefrine hydrochloride were developed for rapid systemic absorption via direct compression and
This research article investigates the bioactivity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Boehmeria macrophylla (BMET). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various compounds including alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids in BMET. In vitro assays found the extract exhibited antioxidant, analgesic, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities. Specifically, BMET showed free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay with an IC50 value of 39.76 μg/mL, comparable to ascorbic acid. In mice, BMET demonstrated 32.91% and 54.2% reductions in acetic acid-induced writhing at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. In br
An Overview of Flax Seeds – Phytochemical Profile, Extraction & Dietary BenefitsAmalDhivaharS
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) or the Linseed, a cultivated food cum fibre crop well known in the textile industry, comes from the Linaceae family. Flaxseeds have a major significance in history since their first domestication in the Fertile Crescent region and are well known for their high nutritional and medicinal values. Flax seeds contain more than 70% of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega3 essential fatty acid that is known to suppress the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, along with certain unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Flaxseed oil (FSO) is looked up for the treatment of various ailments including rheumatoid arthritis, high cholesterol level, osteoarthritis, anxiety, vaginal infections, atherosclerosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and so on. It is usually extracted from the flaxseeds by press and solvent extraction methods and was used for research purposes in the past years in the medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food industry. In the present study, the flaxseeds were powdered using a grinder and the FSO was extracted using a Clevenger apparatus by the hydro-distillation method. A comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical composition and alimental properties revealed that flaxseeds may have anti-cancer effects when consumed regularly as part of one's diet.
Synergistic effects of 18 flavonoids (11 glycosides and flavones, 01 flavones diglycoside, 04 chalcones and 02 aglycones) in combination with different anti-fungal agents against fungal strains were investigated. The agar diffusion assay of these flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents was tested. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each of the flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents were determined by using checkerboard broth micro dilution assay. Flavones diglycoside (3, 5-dihydroxy flavones 7-O-b-D-glucuronide-4-O-b-D-glucopyranside) potentiated the in vitro and in vivo activity against fungal strains. The flavones diglycoside reduced MIC of amphotericin-B to one half against different fungal strains, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans 1202. Although moderate change between in vitro and in vivo studies have been found, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in flavonoid action will have many health benefits to man. In conclusion, these findings suggested that flavonoid combination regimens may be considered as an useful candidate for the treatment of fungal infection.
DEVELOPMENT & EVALUATION OF ANTI-LICE SHAMPOO.docxJOHNBEBONYAP1
This document discusses research on developing and evaluating an anti-lice shampoo for chickens using soursop leaves. It provides background on soursop leaves and their insecticidal properties. The study aims to determine the most effective concentration of soursop leaf extract that will kill chicken lice. It discusses the methodology, significance, scope and limitations of the study. The document also reviews related literature on herbal treatments for head lice from local and foreign studies.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Bayyinatul Muchtaromah's research developed a new herbal jamu product called "Subur Kandungan Madura" using a nanotechnology approach. The jamu contains extracts of garlic, temu mangga, and jeringau encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. Nanoparticle characterization showed particles around 438 nm in size with good uniformity. In vitro tests found the jamu demonstrated antioxidant effects and immunomodulation potential. The research concludes the jamu shows potential for developing a fertility-enhancing product using a nanotechnology delivery system for herbal extracts.
This document provides information about grapefruit/pomelo, including its composition, health benefits, and extraction methods. Grapefruit contains nutrients like vitamin C and flavonoids. It has potential health benefits such as reducing risk of heart disease and cancer. Grapefruit extracts can be used in food industries as antimicrobial agents to improve food safety and shelf life. Various extraction methods are discussed, including cold-pressing, GC-MS, and HPLC, to extract compounds from grapefruit peel, pulp, and seeds. Factors like pH, time, and temperature affect the extraction process.
Crimson Publishers-Use of Solid Timber Waste as Potential Raw Material for No...CrimsonPublishersMAPP
Use of Solid Timber Waste as Potential Raw Material for Novel Herbal Drugs: Multidisciplinary Research, Development, and Innovation by Luciana Jankowsky in Modern Applications in Pharmacy & Pharmacology
This document describes a study that aimed to identify a fungal strain that can degrade the pesticide chlorpyrifos and optimize the concentration for degradation. The fungal strain was identified as Fusarium sp. based on morphological analysis under a microscope. The strain was grown in media containing different concentrations of chlorpyrifos and it was found to grow best at a 1.2% concentration, demonstrating this is the optimum level for degradation. The study concludes Fusarium sp. has potential for bioremediation of chlorpyrifos contamination.
1. The study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Thunbergia grandiflora and perform HPTLC fingerprinting and quantification of bioactive compounds.
2. Preliminary phytochemical screening of plant extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, carbohydrates, steroids and terpenoids. In-vitro assays demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
3. HPTLC fingerprinting was conducted and total phenolic content was found to be 233.6 mg GAE/g extract while total flavonoid content was 275.3 mg QE/g
Cytotoxic Activity of Linum usitatissimum L. Essential oil against Lung Adeno...AmalDhivaharS
The Essential oils of numerous medicinal plants are reported to have significant anti-cancer effects due to the presence of active phytochemicals. Flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) are found to be a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid, which is a precursor to several omega-3 fatty acids, claimed to have lipid-lowering properties. It is also known to have enriched with certain unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and relatively low glucosinolate content. In this study, we have extracted the essential oil from flaxseeds (FEO) through the Hydro-distillation method and analyzed its anti-cancer effects on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. The GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of various phytochemical compounds with antitumor properties such as hexadecanoic acid, cis - vaccenic acid, and isopropyl myristate. The Trypan blue and MTT assays conducted with concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 0.20 V/V% provided IC50 values of 0.11 and 0.16 V/V% respectively for cancer cell line growth inhibition. The cell line migration was also monitored using the wound-scratch assay with essential oil concentrations of 0.16 and 0.20 V/V% at the 24th hour. The essential oil could efficiently prevent the rapid migration of lung cancer cells when observed under an inverted microscope. Thus, the flaxseed essential oil treatment on A549 cancer cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in their viability and caused apoptosis induction. Therefore, flaxseeds have a greater potency to treat lung cancer cells and this work also proposes further in vivo studies to establish this natural medication as an eminent anti-cancer drug.
This is a lecture by Dr. Jerry McLaughlin about his research into extracts of pawpaw plants, annonaceous acetogenins, in vitro, in vivo, mechanism of action, and toxicity in mice.
Nanoemulsion of cinnamon essential oil for yeast infection(candida albicans)RuchiPal10
This document provides an introduction to a thesis presentation on preparing cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions and assessing their antimicrobial properties against Candida albicans. It summarizes background information on essential oils, cinnamon oil, nanoemulsions, and Candida albicans. The document outlines the aims and objectives of preparing cinnamon oil nanoemulsions and evaluating their anticandidal activity. It also reviews relevant literature and provides an outline of the contents to be included in the thesis.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated callus induction from Calophyllum brasiliense (Cambes) explants and the production of anti-HIV calanolide metabolites. Seed and leaf explants were cultured on media with different plant growth regulators. Highest callus induction was achieved from seeds on media with BA and picloram, and from leaves on media with kinetin and NAA. Analysis found higher production of calanolide B and C in calluses from seeds compared to leaves. The study demonstrates the potential of tissue culture for producing these anti-HIV metabolites.
Phytotherapeutics and Endodontics - A ReviewQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : Over the years, Phytomedicine has been gaining attention worldwide. It has been used in dentistry as anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, analgesic, sedative and also as endodontic irrigant. The herbal alternatives for endodontic usage might prove to be advantageous. This review focuses on various natural drugs and products as well as their therapeutic applications when used as phytomedicine in endodontics.
Antioxidant activity of Indian propolis and its chemical constituentsAbu Sayeed
This document outlines a study on the antioxidant properties of Indian propolis and its chemical constituents. It provides background on antioxidants and defines propolis as a natural resinous mixture collected by honeybees from plant sources. The document discusses the composition and sources of Indian propolis in different regions of India. It examines the chemical constituents galangin and pinocembrin that are active components in Indian propolis. The advantages and uses of Indian propolis are outlined, including in traditional medicines, cosmetics, and food products. The aim of the project is to study the antioxidant activity and pharmacological effects of Indian propolis and its chemical components.
A disfunção erétil pode ser entendida como uma dificuldade ou incapacidade de obter ou manter uma ereção firme o suficiente para o ato sexual.
O processo de ereção peniana inicia-se pela estimulação via sistema nervoso parassimpático através da inervação colinérgica, liberando acetilcolina no endotélio do corpo cavernoso que ativa receptores muscarínicos do tipo M3. Estes receptores ativados aumentam os níveis de Inositol Trifosfato (IP3) e o cálcio intracelular que, por sua vez ativa a enzima óxido nítrico endotelial (eNOS), que a partir de citrulina e oxigênio, óxido nítrico como produto gasoso, rapidamente difusível pelo meio. Ao difundir-se para a fibra muscular lisa, o NO ativa a enzima guanilato ciclase aumentando os níveis de GMPc, incrementando a ativação da Proteina Quinase GMPc-dependente (PKG). Os níveis de GMPc são controlados endogenamente pela enzima Fosfodiesterase do GMPc do tipo 5 (PDE5). PKG por sua vez fosforila sítios proteicos intracelulares como por exemplo canais de potássio, abrindo esses canais e gerando hiperpolarização da membrana das células musculares lisas, e promovendo o relaxamento. Esse relaxamento permite um maior aporte de sangue nos corpos cavernosos, promovendo a ereção peniana persistente.
Sensacional... Ainda não preciso mas quero saber muito mais sobre isso no curso de Farmácia Clínica na Medical Lex Gestão de Informações & Cursos Ltda.
Esperamos por você!!!
O documento descreve os mecanismos fisiológicos pelos quais a obesidade está ligada à resistência à insulina e ao diabetes tipo 2, incluindo o aumento da liberação de insulina e da captação de glicose pelas células devido aos carboidratos, insulina exógena e agonistas muscarínicos M2, bem como a modulação pela inervação simpática e parassimpática.
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This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of different buccal drug delivery systems, including oral sprays, mucoadhesive wafers, and orally fast-dissolving tablets. For oral sprays, a microemulsion-based clove oil spray was developed for treating oral candidiasis and was evaluated for particle size, pH, viscosity, drug content, antimicrobial activity, release, and stability. Mucoadhesive wafers containing probiotic bacteria were prepared via lyophilization and evaluated for morphology, viability of bacteria, mucoadhesion, and mechanical properties. Orally fast-dissolving tablets of etilefrine hydrochloride were developed for rapid systemic absorption via direct compression and
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Synergistic effects of 18 flavonoids (11 glycosides and flavones, 01 flavones diglycoside, 04 chalcones and 02 aglycones) in combination with different anti-fungal agents against fungal strains were investigated. The agar diffusion assay of these flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents was tested. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each of the flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents were determined by using checkerboard broth micro dilution assay. Flavones diglycoside (3, 5-dihydroxy flavones 7-O-b-D-glucuronide-4-O-b-D-glucopyranside) potentiated the in vitro and in vivo activity against fungal strains. The flavones diglycoside reduced MIC of amphotericin-B to one half against different fungal strains, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans 1202. Although moderate change between in vitro and in vivo studies have been found, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in flavonoid action will have many health benefits to man. In conclusion, these findings suggested that flavonoid combination regimens may be considered as an useful candidate for the treatment of fungal infection.
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Similar to Jornada Acadêmica de Farmácia UNIAN 2014 Prof. Dr. Niraldo Paulino (20)
A disfunção erétil pode ser entendida como uma dificuldade ou incapacidade de obter ou manter uma ereção firme o suficiente para o ato sexual.
O processo de ereção peniana inicia-se pela estimulação via sistema nervoso parassimpático através da inervação colinérgica, liberando acetilcolina no endotélio do corpo cavernoso que ativa receptores muscarínicos do tipo M3. Estes receptores ativados aumentam os níveis de Inositol Trifosfato (IP3) e o cálcio intracelular que, por sua vez ativa a enzima óxido nítrico endotelial (eNOS), que a partir de citrulina e oxigênio, óxido nítrico como produto gasoso, rapidamente difusível pelo meio. Ao difundir-se para a fibra muscular lisa, o NO ativa a enzima guanilato ciclase aumentando os níveis de GMPc, incrementando a ativação da Proteina Quinase GMPc-dependente (PKG). Os níveis de GMPc são controlados endogenamente pela enzima Fosfodiesterase do GMPc do tipo 5 (PDE5). PKG por sua vez fosforila sítios proteicos intracelulares como por exemplo canais de potássio, abrindo esses canais e gerando hiperpolarização da membrana das células musculares lisas, e promovendo o relaxamento. Esse relaxamento permite um maior aporte de sangue nos corpos cavernosos, promovendo a ereção peniana persistente.
Sensacional... Ainda não preciso mas quero saber muito mais sobre isso no curso de Farmácia Clínica na Medical Lex Gestão de Informações & Cursos Ltda.
Esperamos por você!!!
O documento descreve os mecanismos fisiológicos pelos quais a obesidade está ligada à resistência à insulina e ao diabetes tipo 2, incluindo o aumento da liberação de insulina e da captação de glicose pelas células devido aos carboidratos, insulina exógena e agonistas muscarínicos M2, bem como a modulação pela inervação simpática e parassimpática.
Segundo a Associação Brasileira de Reumatologia, artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma doença auto-imune de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada por poliartrite periférica, simétrica, que leva à deformidade e à destruição das articulações por erosão do osso e cartilagem (1). Afeta mulheres duas vezes mais do que os homens e sua incidência aumenta com a idade. Em geral, acomete grandes e pequenas articulações em associação com manifestações sistêmicas como rigidez matinal, fadiga e perda de peso (2).
O estimulo inicializador multifatorial desencadeia a apresentação de um autoantígeno que é apresentado ao sistema imune, reconhecido pelos Linfócitos T, B e macrófagos, que modulam através da produção de uma rede de citocinas (TNFα, IL1, IL6, IL8) e metaloproteinases (MMPs) a as atividades dos condrócitos, fibroblastos sinoviais e osteoclastos. A ativação desse conjunto de células inicializa, promove e cronifica um processo inflamatório articular e sistêmico que associado a degeneração da matrix de cartilagem e óssea, degenera a articulação e promove o surgimento dos sinais clínicos específicos.
(1) Lipski PE. Rheumatoid arthitis. In: Harrison´s Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw Hill; 1998. (2) American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis Guidelines. Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46:328-46.
Incrível... Quero saber mais sobre isso no curso de Farmácia Clínica na Medical Lex Gestão de Informações & Cursos Ltda.
Esperamos por você!!!
Modelo da regulação da pressão arterial através do Sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona que pode servir de base para a compreensão do mecanismo de ação para inúmeros grupos de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos, tais como: os diuréticos: tiazídicos (hidroclorotiazida, clortalidona), de alça (bumetanida, furosemida), poupadores de potássio (espirinolactona, amilorida); os antagonistas de angiotensina II (losartana e valsartana); os vasodilatadores diretos: como os doadores de óxido nítrico (nitroprussiato de sódio, mono ou di nitrato de glicerila), bloqueadores de canais de cálcio (nitrendipina, nifedipina), ativadores de canais de potássio (minoxidil); os inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina: captopril, enalapril, ramipril; os inibidores de renina (alisquireno); os de ação central: agonistas 2 (clonidina, alfametildopa), ou de ação periférica adrenérgicos: antagonistas 1 (doxazosina, prazosina) ou β1 (atenolol,carvedilol, bisoprolol). Os protocolos de tratamento e suas melhores opções de escolha você verá em nosso Curso de Farmácia Clínica na Medical Lex Ltda... Vem aprender com a gente!
O documento lista e descreve mecanismos de ação de vários medicamentos antiepilépticos, incluindo como eles afetam receptores de GABA e canais de sódio e potássio. É fornecida uma lista de drogas antiepilépticas comuns e seus alvos moleculares correspondentes.
Os antibióticos são uma das classes de fármacos mais amplamente consumidas em hospitais e na comunidade. Seu uso indiscriminado pode afetar a sua eficácia terapêutica e interferir de forma significativa no ambiente hospitalar por alteração da ecologia microbiana. O conhecimento dos mecanismos de ação, doses e indicações, assim como as propriedades e características básicas dos antimicrobianos, são essenciais para uma escolha terapêutica adequada.
Os protocolos de tratamento e suas melhores opções de escolha você verá em nosso Curso de Farmácia Clínica na Medical Lex Ltda... Vem aprender com a gente!
Segundo a Associação Brasileira de Nefrologia, diuréticos são substâncias que aumentam a velocidade de formação da urina. Aumentam a excreção de eletrólitos (especialmente íons sódio e cloreto) e água, a partir da ação sobre alvos farmacológicos localizados na estrutura do nefron. O principal efeito é a redução do volume dos fluidos corporais. Usados no tratamento de condições edematosas (ex: insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, síndrome nefrótica, doenças do fígado crônicas) e controle da hipertensão. Também: hipercalcemia (excesso de cálcio), diabetes insipidus, hiperaldosteronismo primário e glaucoma. Os principais alvos de ação dos medicamentos diuréticos são a anidrase carbônica tubular; a ação osmótica direta; os cotransportadores de sódio, potássio e cloreto, os transportadores de çloreto de sódio; bem como os receptores de aldosterona.
Bem legal... Agora quero saber quais as doses, usos e aplicações de cada diurético... Por isso vou fazer o curso de Farmácia Clínica na Medical Lex Gestão de Informações & Cursos Ltda.
Esperamos por você!!!
El propóleo es un producto natural a base de secreciones de los árboles, las flores, las hojas y polen, y recibe la adición de sustancias secretadas por el metabolismo glandular de las abejas. Debido a la importancia farmacológica, terapéutica, científica y económica de este producto, el objetivo de este curso es dar a conocer las principales técnicas de control de calidad química y farmacológica de propóleos y analizar los potenciales, las características y la evolución de las habilidades tecnológicas, traducidas a través de la evidencia científica y las estadísticas de patentes en el mundo, con respecto a los procesos de extracción y obtención de compuestos activos de propóleos, así como sus aplicaciones industriales desde nuevos desarrollos u otros productos relacionados de la colmena.
Objetivo General:
Formar profesionales (apicultores, estudiantes, funcionarios y / o empresarios) en las posibilidades de innovación y la introducción de productos a base de propóleos.
Objetivos Específicos:
Estandarizar los métodos de análisis, agregando valor al producto producido;
Desarrollar la capacidad crítica para valorar los conocimientos científicos sobre los productos de la colmena como el propóleo y relacionados;
Reconocer la eficacia y seguridad en el tratamiento de enfermedades con el uso de propóleos;
Desarrollo de prototipos semi-industriales o productos hechos a mano con propóleos.
1) O documento discute conceitos gerais sobre câncer, incluindo agentes cancerígenos, neoplasias malignas e benignas, e síndromes paraneoplásticas.
2) São apresentados mecanismos de ação de agentes antitumorais como indução de apoptose, controle da diferenciação celular e da neoangiogênese.
3) Princípios gerais do processo tumoral são descritos, como alterações genéticas e aumento do metabolismo celular.
1) O documento discute os princípios gerais de farmacocinética, incluindo absorção, distribuição, metabolismo e excreção de fármacos.
2) São revisados tópicos como a passagem de fármacos através de membranas, fatores que afetam a absorção e as características fisiológicas do trato gastrointestinal.
3) O texto também aborda diferentes vias de administração de fármacos e seus aspectos farmacocinéticos.
O documento discute a importância da elaboração de monografias de plantas medicinais. O autor é um professor e pesquisador da área de farmacologia de plantas medicinais. As monografias devem estabelecer padrões de qualidade para as plantas medicinais, incluindo identificação botânica, características físico-químicas, conteúdo de princípios ativos e propriedades farmacológicas. Publicações internacionais sobre o tema também são citadas.
O documento discute a asma, uma doença inflamatória das vias aéreas caracterizada por uma inflamação de eosinófilos, linfócitos e mastócitos, levando a episódios de broncoespasmo em resposta a diversos estímulos.
This document discusses Polypodium leucotomos, an herbal extract from the fern plant. It provides details on the botanical validation, chemical composition analysis, biological validation, and technological development of Fernblock, a specific P. leucotomos extract. The extract has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits UV-induced free radical generation, apoptosis, and immunosuppression. Studies demonstrate it can protect against UV damage, reduce photoinflammation, and help prevent photodamage and photoaging from long-term sun exposure. P. leucotomos is a promising natural photoprotective agent that provides benefits beyond traditional sunscreens.
Este documento discute aspectos históricos, legais e éticos da fitoterapia médica no Brasil. Apresenta as credenciais acadêmicas e experiência profissional do professor Niraldo Paulino, que é especialista em fitoterapia. Também fornece breves resumos sobre tópicos como a história da fitoterapia, conceitos e regulamentações relacionadas a medicamentos fitoterápicos no Brasil.
1) O documento discute novos produtos alimentícios e fitoterápicos e seus registros legais.
2) Apresenta conceitos sobre plantas medicinais, metabólitos primários e secundários, e discute as bases legais para registro de novos alimentos, café e chás, e medicamentos fitoterápicos.
3) Explica a diferença entre alimentos, medicamentos fitoterápicos e medicamentos convencionais com base na legislação brasileira.
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Jornada Acadêmica de Farmácia UNIAN 2014 Prof. Dr. Niraldo Paulino
1. UNIVERSIDADE ANHANGUERA DE SÃO PAULO
Jornada Acadêmica de Farmácia - 2014
Data: 26/ 11/ 2014
Prof. Dr. Niraldo Paulino
Evidências científicas para a ação anticancer da própolis de Baccharis dracunculifolia (SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCES TO PHARMACOLOGICAL ANTICANCER ACTION OF Baccharis dracunculifolia BRAZILIAN PROPOLIS)
2. Doutor em Farmacologia pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e Maximilian Universität München (2005). Atualmente é Coordenador do Grupo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Biomedicamentos, no Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Farmácia na UNIBAN (SP), Assessor Técnico-Científico e Diretor de Negócios da MEDLEX Gestão de Informações e Cursos Ltda. Tem experiência na área de Farmacologia, com ênfase em Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular de Plantas Medicinais. Atuando principalmente nos temas: Mecanismo de ação de Plantas Medicinais e Produtos Naturais, Inflamação e seus mecanismos farmacodinâmicos.
Contatos:
Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo
Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Farmácia
Grupo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Biomedicamentos
Rua Maria Cândida, 1813, Vila Guilherme - São Paulo, SP
Prof. Niraldo Paulino
E-mail: niraldop@yahoo.com.br
(11) 2967-9147 (48) 9986-6003
MEDLEX Gestão de Informações e Cursos Ltda. Av. Desemb. Vitor Lima, 260 sala 908, Ed. Madson Center Trindade - Florianópolis/SC - CEP 88040-400. Fone 48 32261616 diretoria@medlex.com.br
3. Talk during the RLHH Journal Club Schedule
60 Great Ormond Street - London WC1N 3HR
Tel: 0845 1555 000 - Website: http://www.rlhh.org.uk
Palestra extraída das conferencias do autor no:
Royal London Homeopathic Hospital, e no
Imperial College London, ambas em Londres na Inglaterra.
5. Própolis é coletado, limpo, triturado e percolado em condições padronizadas (em geral em alcool) para produzir extrato.
Essas substâncias são transformadas na colméia e usada para fechar a abertura e protege-la da proliferação de micro-organismos: bactérias,fungos e virus.
Esta substância resinosa é chamada de própolis.
O extrato de própolis é usado para preparar várias formulações farmacêuticas: capsulas, cremes, spray oral, shampoos...
Abelhas coletam substâncias resinosas de determinadas plantas
Própolis
6. Própolis Européia
No Europa Central e Leste a principal fonte botânica para produzir própolis é o Populos nigra.
Populos nigra
Os principais componentes são Flavonóides e ésteres do Ácido Cafeico (CAPE) e derivados allyl (ALERGENICOS).
7. Própolis do Brasil
Brasilia(DF)
Amazonas
Roraima
No Brasil nos temos muitas regiões fitogeográficas e muitos tipos de própolis (pelo menos 14) com diferentes constituições químicas.
Marrom
Verde
Amazônia
Pantanal
Vermelho
Floresta das Araucárias
Mata Atlântica
Cerrado
Mangue
8. Própolis Brasileira
Brasilia(DF)
Amazonas
Roraima
MG
SP
PR
SC
RS
Maiores produtores de própolis no Brasil estão no sul e sudeste. A maior parte da produção é exportada para o mercado Asiático (Japão) e Europa (Alemanha)!
Marrom
Verde
11. Própolis de Baccharis dracunculifolia
Abelhas coletam de Baccharis dracunculifolia uma resina verde.
Apicultores em operação para a coleta de própolis de Baccharis
Look at this!
12. A composição química da própolis varia de região para região.
55% de resinas e bálsamos,
30% de ceras,
10% de pólens
e de metabólitos secundários incluindo:
Ácidos graxos, ácidos fenólicos e seus esteres, flavonóides (flavonas, flavononas, chalconas, etc.), terpenos, b-esteroides, aldeídos aromáticos e álcoois, sesquiterpenos, naftaleno e derivados do estilbeno.
Química da própolis
13. The chemical composition of Baccharis dracunculifolia Premium Brazilian Propolis was determined by high performance liquid chromatograpy using a Merck-Hitachi apparatus (Germany), equipped with a pump (model L-7100, Merck-Hitachi) and a diode array detector (model L-7455, Merck- Hitachi). phenolic compounds (mg/g) (1) coumaric acid (3.81), (2) rutin (9.87), (3) pinobanksin (3.48), (4) quercetin (2.15), (5) kaempferol (0.78), (6) apigenin (1.86), (7) pinocembrin (22.55), (8) pinobanksin-3-acetate (4.10), (9) chrysin (2.49), (10) galangin (4.14), (11) kaempferide (5.59), (12) tectochrysin (2.90), (13) ARTEPILLIN C (87.97).
Própolis de Baccharis
16. O
O
H
H
O
3-Prenyl 4-hydroxycinnamic acid
O
O
OH
2,2-Dimethy-6-carboxyetenil-2H-1- benzopiran
Prenilados e Artepillin C
17. O
H
O
O
2,2-Dimethyl-6-carboxyetenil-8- prenyl-2H-1-benzopiran
Artepillin C®
3,5-Diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
H
O
O
H
O
Prenilados e Artepillin C
18. Atividades biológicas
Própolis
Antiviral
Antimicrobiano
Fungicida
Debiaggi,1990
Schimidt, 1996
Burdock, 1998
Scheller et al.,1998
Kujumgiev et al., 1999
Vynograd et al., 2000
Huleihel e Isanu, 2002
Abd Al Hady et al., 2003
Ilhan et al., 2004
Metzner et al., 1975
Metzner et al., 1979
Grange et al, 1990
Aga et al., 1994
Kain et al., 1996
Kujumgiev et al., 1999
Kartal et al., 2003
Santos et al., 2003
Ugur e Arsian 2004
Scheller et al.,1977a e b
Millet-Clerc et al. 1987
Scheller et al., 1998
Kujumgiev et al., 1999
Ozean 2004
Anti protozoário
Metzner et al, 1975
Holderna e Kedzia, 1987
Torres et al, 1990
Higashi et al, 1991
Amoros et al., 1992a, 1992b
Matsuno, 1992
Krol et al, 1993
Scheller et al 1998
da Silva Filho et al., 2004
da Silva Cunha et al., 2004
Anticárie
Ikeno et al., 1991
Steinberg et al., 1996
Botushanov et al., 2004
19. Própolis
Imunomodulatório
Metzner et al, 1975
Holderna e Kedzia, 1987
Torres et al, 1990
Higashi et al, 1991
Amoros et al., 1992a, 1992b
Matsuno, 1992
Krol et al, 1993
Scheller et al 1998
da Silva Filho et al., 2004
da Silva Cunha et al., 2004
Atividades biológicas
Antiinflamatória
Paintz e Metzner, 1979
Bankova et al.,1983
Wang et al., 1993
Khayyal et al., 1993
Schimidt, 1996
Volpert e Elstner, 1996
Mirzoeva e Calder, 1996
Menezes et al., 1999
Paulino et al., 2003
Silva et al., 2004
Antioxidante
Krol et al., 1990
Scheller et al., 1990
Dobrowolski et al., 1991
Schmidt, 1996
Volpert e Elstner, 1996
Ichikawa et al., 2002
Shinohara et al., 2002
Simões et al., 2004
Shimizu et al., 2004
Hepatoprotetor
Merino et al., 1996
Basnet et al., 1996
Lin et al., 1997
Banskota et al., 2001
El-Khatib et al., 2002
Seo et al., 2003
Shukla et al., 2004
Liu et al., 2004
Antihiperalgésico
Paintz e Metzer, 1979
Schimidt, 1996
Paulino et al.,1996d
Campos et al., 1998
Paulino et al., 2003
20. Própolis
ANTITUMORAL
Ribeiro et al. 2006
Padmavathi et al., 2006a
Scifo et al., 2006
Chen et al., 2006
Bestwick et al., 2006
Padmavathi et al., 2006b
Padmavathi etal., 2006c
Chen et al., 2005
Abdel-Latif et al., 2005
Shimizu et al., 2005a
Shimizu et al., 2005b
Hwang et al., 2006
Orsolic et al., 2005a
Orsolic et al., 2005b
Gunduz et al., 2005
Orsolic et al., 2005c
Jin et al., 2005
Mishima et al., 2005
Kuo et al., 2006
Weng et al., 2005
Shieh et al., 2005
Orsolic et al., 2005
Woo et al., 2005
Lee et al., 2004
Atividades biológicas
De Lima et al., 2005
Russo et al., 2004
Woo et al., 2004
Scifo et al., 2004
Kumazawa et al., 2004
Aso et al., 2004
Orsolic et al., 2003
Shimizu et al., 2004
Gambelunghe et al., 2003
Liao et al., 2003
Chen et al., 2004
Lee et al., 2003
Asao et al., 2003
Chen et al., 2003
Sugimoto et al., 2003
Kimono et al., 2001a
Kimoto et al., 2001b
Kimono et al., 2000
Kimono et al., 1998
Kimoto et al., 1996
Scheller et al., 1989
21. Biological Therapy using Propolis as Nutritional Supplement in Cancer Treatment Galvao, J.; Lemos, S.R.; Abreu, J.A.; Cruz, T.; Machado, G.A.S.; Daugsch, A.; Moraes, C.S.; Fort, P.; Park, Y.K. Paulino, N. International Journal of Cancer Research
24. Conceitos gerais em Câncer
Câncer é o nome dado a um conjunto de mais de 100 doenças que têm em comum o crescimento desordenado (maligno) de células que invadem os tecidos e órgãos, podendo espalhar-se (metástase) para outras regiões do corpo.
NÓS TEMOS VÁRIAS ESTRATÉGIAS PARA TRATAR O CANCER: Indução de apoptose, Controle da diferenciação celular e controle da neoangiogenese e/ou inflamação local.
28. Dos 6 alvos farmacológicos identificados pela indústria para novas drogas no tratamento do câncer, 4 deles já foram investigadas e tem publicações para a Própolis ou seus compostos.
Recentes avanços no estudo do cancer
30. Cyt C APAF1
Caspase 9
Smac
AIF
Cell cycle
G1 - S
Caspase 3
Mit
External
stimulus
Nucleus
fragmentation
DNA
Indução de Apoptose em Células Tumorais
BAX/
BAK
Estímulos repetitivos,
persistentes, induzem
resposta celular.
Após o estímulo a
célula produz proteinas
pró-apoptótica:
BAX/BAK, que atuam
na mitocôndria
A mitocondria, fonte
energética na célula,
libera três proteinas
principais
Proteina Smac Diablo,
modula a resposta
apoptótica
Citocromo C liga-se
rapidamente a proteina
APAF1 formando um
complexo que ativa a
caspase 9
Proteina AIF que
funciona como fator de
transcrição nuclear pró-apoptótico
Caspase 9 proteina
apoptótica com função
protease que ativa a
caspase 3
Ciclo de crescimento e
diferenciação celular.
Definido pelos estágio
da evolução da célula.
Caspase 3, protease
extremamente potente,
inibe a diferenciação
celular G1-S
A fragmentação do
DNA induzido pela
caspase 3 promove o
desmonte programado
da célula
Além disso, a Caspase 3
transloca para o núcleo
e promove dano ao
DNA.
Cyt C
Redutase
Citocromo C redutase
inibe a formação do
complexo Cyt C + APAF1
31. Cyt C APAF1
Caspase 9
Smac
AIF
Caspase 3
Mit
External
stimulus
Nucleus
fragmentation
DNA
BAX/
BAK
Cyt C
Redutase
Green
Propolis
Artepillin C
Kimoto T, Arai S, Aga M, Hanaya T, Kohguchi M,
Nomura Y, Kurimoto M. Cell cycle and apoptosis in
cancer induced by the artepillin C extracted from
Brazilian propolis. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1996
Nov;23(13):1855-9
Kimoto T, Arai S, Kohguchi M, Aga M, Nomura Y,
Micallef MJ, Kurimoto M, Mito K. Apoptosis and
suppression of tumor growth by artepillin C extracted
from Brazilian propolis. Cancer Detect Prev.
1998;22(6):506-15
Lee YJ, Kuo HC, Chu CY, Wang CJ, Lin WC, Tseng
TH. Involvement of tumor suppressor protein p53
and p38 MAPK in caffeic acid phenethyl ester-induced
apoptosis of C6 glioma cells. BiochBiochem
Pharmacol. 2003 Dec 15;66(12):2281-9
CAPE
Akao Y, Maruyama H, Matsumoto K, Ohguchi K,
Nishizawa K, Sakamoto T, Araki Y, Mishima S,
Nozawa Y. Cell growth inhibitory effect of cinnamic
acid derivatives from propolis on human tumor cell
lines. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Jul;26(7):1057-9
Chen CN, Wu CL, Lin JK. Propolin C from propolis
induces apoptosis through activating caspases, Bid
and cytochrome c release in human melanoma cells.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 1;67(1):53-66
Propolin C
Woo KJ, Jeong YJ, Park JW, Kwon TK. Chrysin-induced
apoptosis is mediated through caspase
activation and Akt inactivation in U937 leukemia
cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Dec
24;325(4):1215-22
Bacharin, Drupanin e Crisina
Artepillin C
Scheller S, Krol W, Swiacik J, Owczarek S, Gabrys J,
Shani J. Antitumoral property of ethanolic extract of
propolis in mice-bearing Ehrlich carcinoma, as
compared to bleomycin. Z Naturforsch [C]. 1989
Nov-Dec;44(11-12):1063-5.
Green
Propolis
Kimoto T, Koya S, Hino K, Yamamoto Y, Nomura
Y, Micallef MJ, Hanaya T, Arai S, Ikeda M,
Kurimoto M. Renal carcinogenesis induced by ferric
nitrilotriacetate in mice, and protection from it by
Brazilian propolis and artepillin C. Pathol Int. 2000
Sep;50(9):679-89
Kimoto T, Koya-Miyata S, Hino K, Micallef MJ, Hanaya
T, Arai S, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M. Pulmonary
carcinogenesis induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate in mice
and protection from it by Brazilian propolis and artepillin
C. Virchows Arch. 2001 Mar;438(3):259-70
Própolis induz Apoptose em Células Tumorais
A fragmentação do
DNA induzido pela
caspase 3 promove o
desmonte programado
da célula
32.
33. Conclusão:
Artepillin C, Drupanina e Bacharina (derivados do ácido cinâmico) São efetivos contra linhagens celulares tumorais:
Câncer de colo
Câncer Gastric
Leucemia
34. Cell cycle
G1 - S
Nucleus
DAMAGE
DNA
Radiação ionizante,
UV, Quimioterápicos,
Hiperóxia
External
stimulus
Antiapoptotic p53
p21
Ciclyn B1
Cdk1, 2, 4 e 6
Inhibit topoisomerase II
Inhibit DNA-Polymerase
Proto-oncogene CAAT
Proto-oncogene Myc
Proto-oncogene STAT3
Inhibit NFB
Em resposta a célula
expressa a p53.
Que promove a
transcrição da p21
P21 reprime a
expressão e/ou a
atividade de proteinas
que atuam sobre o
ciclo celular
Retardo na maturação
da celula tumoral
Regulação da Diferenciação Celular em Células
Tumorais
Crisin
CAPE
Artepillin C
Compostos promovem
a expressão da p21
p38
35. Cell cycle
G1 - S
Nucleus
DAMAGE
DNA
External
stimulus
Antiapoptotic p53
p21
Ciclyn B1
Cdk1, 2, 4 e 6
Inhibit topoisomerase II
Inhibit DNA-Polymerase
Proto-oncogene CAAT
Proto-oncogene Myc
Proto-oncogene STAT3
Inhibit NFB
Regulação da Diferenciação Celular em Células
Tumorais
Crisin
CAPE
Artepillin C
p38
Weng MS, Ho YS, Lin JK. Chrysin induces G1 phase
cell cycle arrest in C6 glioma cells through inducing
p21Waf1/Cip1 expression: involvement of p38
mitogen-activated protein kinase. Biochem
Pharmacol. 2005 Jun 15;69(12):1815-27
Kuo HC, Kuo WH, Lee YJ, Lin WL, Chou FP, Tseng
TH. Inhibitory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester
on the growth of C6 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo.
Cancer Lett. 2006 Mar 28;234(2):199-208
Shimizu K, Das SK, Hashimoto T, Sowa Y, Yoshida
T, Sakai T, Matsuura Y, Kanazawa K. Artepillin C in
Brazilian propolis induces G(0)/G(1) arrest via
stimulation of Cip1/p21 expression in human colon
cancer cells. Mol Carcinog. 2005 Dec;44(4):293-9
36. Conclusão: Crisina aumenta a expressão da p21 e induz a parada no ciclo celular em linhagem de células de glioma.
39. Conceitos Gerais em Inflamação
INFLAMAÇÃO é uma resposta produzida por tecido vivo e vascularizado em resposta a um estímulo lesivo
Inflamação envolve o sistema vascular, químico e celular de maneira estereotipada e sequencial.
40. Estímulos
TLR
Myd-88 IRAK
TRAF6
NIK
p50 p65
p50 p65
IKK
IKKb
IB
TNF-
iNOS
COX-2
IL-12
NO
PG
IL1
Redução da inflamação e da angiogênese
associada ao tumor Quimioterápicos, LPS
Ativação de
receptores tipo TLR
Desencadeia uma
cascata de fosforilação
Ativação da
quinase do
IkappaB
Fosforilação do
inibidor do NFkB
Liberação do Fator
de Transcrição
Nuclear NFkB
Translocação
nuclear para a
ativação da
expressão gênica
Expressão de
inúmeros genes
pró-inflamatórios
Expressão de
genes das citocinas
IL1, 12 e TNF-
Expressão de
genes da
cicloxigenase 2
Aumento da
produção de PGE2,
PGF2 ...
Inflamação:
aumento da
permeabilidade
vascular,
vasodilatação,
migração celular,
etc…
Condições ideiais
para o crescimento
do tumor e
metástase
41. Estímulos
TLR
Myd-88 IRAK
TRAF6
NIK
IKK
IKKb
IB
p50 p65
p50 p65
TNF-
iNOS
COX-2
IL-12
NO
PG
IL1
Própolis Reduz a inflamação e da angiogenese
Liao HF, Chen YY, Liu JJ, Hsu ML, Shieh HJ, Liao
HJ, Shieh CJ, Shiao MS, Chen YJ. Inhibitory effect
of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on angiogenesis, tumor
invasion, and metastasis. J Agric Food Chem. 2003
Dec 31;51(27):7907-12
Hwang HJ, Park HJ, Chung HJ, Min HY, Park EJ,
Hong JY, Lee SK. Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid
phenethyl ester on cancer cell metastasis mediated by
the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase
expression in human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. J
Nutr Biochem. 2006 May;17(5):356-62.
Abdel-Latif MM, Windle HJ,
Homasany BS, Sabra K, Kelleher D.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester modulates
Helicobacter pylori-induced nuclear
factor-kappa B and activator protein-1
expression in gastric epithelial cells. Br
J Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;146(8):1139-47
Paulino N, Teixeira C, Martins R,
Scremin A, Dirsch VM, Vollmar AM,
Abreu SR, de Castro SL, Marcucci
MC. Evaluation of the Analgesic and
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a
Brazilian Green Propolis. Planta Med.
2006 Aug 10;
Paulino N, Teixeira C, Martins R,
Scremin A, Dirsch VM, Vollmar AM,
Abreu SR, de Castro SL, Marcucci
MC. Evaluation of the Analgesic and
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a
Brazilian Green Propolis. Planta Med.
2006 Aug 10;
43. Conclusão: Própolis verde é antiinflamatória, reduz a produção de óxido nítrico e reduz a atividade do NF kappa B (NFB: p50-p65).
44. Epiderm
Epiderm
OERITEMA
Inflammatory mediator
PGE2
O2-
Vaso
Macrophage
PMN
ROS
Apoptose or Necrose
PGs
AA
COX
OEDEMA
NO
Cytokines
PGE2
G1
Linfocyte
Carrageina
Inflammation
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
Paulino N, Teixeira C, Martins R, Scremin A, Dirsch VM, Vollmar AM, Abreu SR, de Castro SL,
Marcucci MC. Evaluation of the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Brazilian Green Propolis.
Planta Med. 2006 Aug 10.
Este efeito foi mediado pela inibição do NFB
46. Conceitos Gerais em Imunomodulação
IMUNOMODULAÇÃO significa a modulação da resposta imunológica desencadeada por estímulos externos: biológicos (bacterias, virus, fungos), físico-químicos (radiação ionizante, UV) ou químicos (LPS, proteinas estranhas, radicais livres).
Resposta controlada por uma complexa rede de mediadores químicos que envolvem citocinas, quimiocinas, prostanóides e fatores de transcrição gênica
47. Regulação fisiológica da resposta imunológica
O sistema hematopoiético humano é extremamente complexo e suas células interagem entre si para definir o grau de resposta celular do nosso organismo aos estímulos nocivos do ambiente.
48. Regulação fisiológica da resposta imunológica
Sob determinadas condições ou estímulos ambientais os linfócitos T assumem os fenótipos de Th1 ou Th2 e modulam a maioria das respostas imunológicas no organismo.
50. Carcinogenic
stimulus
Rac2 Cdc42
GTP
Rac2 Cdc42
GDP
P
+
MKK3
MKK6
p38
TLR
Myd-88 IRAK
TRAF6
NIK
IKK
IKKb
IB
p50 p65
p50 p65
TNF-
IL-1
iNOS
COX-2
IL-12
NO
PG
Carcinogenic
stimulus
External mitogenic
stimulus
Activation of proteins:
Ras (GTPase)
Prenylation pos-translational
Activation of proteins
kinase activated by
mitogen
Activation of p38-MAPK
Green
Propolis
Activation of
immunological
modulating factor
Increase the
cell immunity
Green
Propolis
Green
Propolis
Regulação do sistema imune nos Linfócitos T
51. Carcinogenic
stimulus
Rac2 Cdc42
GTP
Rac2 Cdc42
GDP
P
+
MKK3
MKK6
p38
TLR
Myd-88 IRAK
TRAF6
NIK
IKK
IKKb
IB
p50 p65
p50 p65
TNF-
IL-1
iNOS
COX-2
IL-12
NO
PG
Carcinogenic
stimulus
Green
Propolis
Green
Propolis
Green
Propolis
Kimoto T, Arai S, Kohguchi M,
Aga M, Nomura Y, Micallef
MJ, Kurimoto M, Mito K.
Apoptosis and suppression of
tumor growth by artepillin C
extracted from Brazilian
propolis. Cancer Detect Prev.
1998;22(6):506-15
Paulino N, Teixeira C,
Martins R, Scremin A,
Dirsch VM, Vollmar AM,
Abreu SR, de Castro SL,
Marcucci MC. Evaluation
of the Analgesic and Anti-
Inflammatory Effects of a
Brazilian Green Propolis.
Planta Med. 2006 Aug 10;
Paulino N, Teixeira C,
Martins R, Scremin A,
Dirsch VM, Vollmar AM,
Abreu SR, de Castro SL,
Marcucci MC. Evaluation
of the Analgesic and Anti-
Inflammatory Effects of a
Brazilian Green Propolis.
Planta Med. 2006 Aug 10;
Paulino N, et al.,
umpublished results
Própolis Regula o sistema imune nos Linfócitos T
52.
53. Fig. 3. Gel de agarose da eletroforese do produto de RT-PCR para o mRNA do IFN-γ em esplenócitos.
Fig. 1. Títulos de anticorpos (Log2) de camundongos imunizados com SuHV-1 associados ao Al(OH)3, Al(OH)3 + 5 mg/dose de extrato etanólico de própolis de Baccharis or 5 mg/dose of ethanolic extract of green propolis.
Em conclusão: Em camundongos imunizados com SuHV-1, a associação da própolis com o hidróxido de alumínio aumentou a potencia da resposta humoral e celular e aumentou a proteção dos animais tratados, podendo com isso melhorar a eficácia vacinal contra o Herpes Vírus.
54. Atividade Imunomodulatória da própolis
Aumento da atividade imunológica inespecífica
Orsolic N, Saranovic AB, Basic I. Direct and indirect mechanism(s) of antitumour activity of propolis and its polyphenolic compounds. Planta Med. 2006 Jan;72(1):
Orsi RO, Sforcin JM, Funari SR, Bankova V. Effects of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis on bactericidal activity of macrophages against Salmonella Typhimurium. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 Feb;5(2):359-68.
Orsolic N, Knezevic AH, Sver L, Terzic S, Basic I. Immunomodulatory and antimetastatic action of propolis and related polyphenolic compounds. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Oct;94(2-3):307-15.
Orsolic N, Sver L, Terzic S, Tadic Z, Basic I. Inhibitory effect of water-soluble derivative of propolis and its polyphenolic compounds on tumor growth and metastasizing ability: a possible mode of antitumor action. Nutr Cancer. 2003;47(2):156-63.
Orsolic N, Basic I. Immunomodulation by water-soluble derivative of propolis: a factor of antitumor reactivity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Feb;84(2-3):265-73.
Neychev H, Dimov V, Vuleva V, Shirova L, Slavcheva E, Gegova G, Manolova N, Bankova V.. Immunomodulatory action of propolis. II. Effect of water-soluble fraction on influenza infection in mice. Acta Microbiol Bulg. 1988;23:58-62.
Ivanovska ND, Dimov VB, Bankova VS, Popov SS. Immunomodulatory action of propolis. VI. Influence of a water soluble derivative on complement activity in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995 Jul 28;47(3):145-7.
Ivanovska ND, Dimov VB, Pavlova S, Bankova VS, Popov SS.. Immunomodulatory action of propolis. V. Anticomplementary activity of a water-soluble derivative. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995 Jul 28;47(3):135- 43
55. Aumento da produção de anticorpos
Sforcin JM, Orsi RO, Bankova V. Effect of propolis, some isolated compounds and its source plant on antibody production J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Apr 26;98(3):301-5
Modulação da produção de citocinas
Park JH, Lee JK, Kim HS, Chung ST, Eom JH, Kim KA, Chung SJ, Paik SY, Oh HY.. Immunomodulatory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in Balb/c mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 Mar;4(3):429-36
Blonska M, Bronikowska J, Pietsz G, Czuba ZP, Scheller S, Krol W.. Effects of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and its flavones on inducible gene expression in J774A.1 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Mar;91(1):25-30
Marquez N, Sancho R, Macho A, Calzado MA, Fiebich BL, Munoz E.. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits T-cell activation by targeting both nuclear factor of activated T-cells and NF-kappaB transcription factors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004
Natarajan K, Singh S, Burke TR Jr, Grunberger D, Aggarwal BB.. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a potent and specific inhibitor of activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Aug 20;93(17):9090-5Sa-Nunes A, Faccioli LH, Sforcin JM. Propolis: lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma production. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Jul;87(1):93-7.
Dimov V, Ivanovska N, Bankova V, Popov S.. Immunomodulatory action of propolis: IV. Prophylactic activity against gram-negative infections and adjuvant effect of the water-soluble derivative. Vaccine. 1992;10(12):817-23.
Atividade Imunomodulatória da própolis
57. REGULAÇÃO BIOQUIMICA NA CÉLULA
O sistema bioquímico complexo que produz espontaneamente formas radicalares de oxigênio reativo (ROS) a cada movimento de respiração celular. Esses radicias livres são consumidos pelos nossos sistemas de defesa antioxidante: SOD, CAT, GSHpx, etc...
58. REGULAÇÃO DA RESPOSTA ANTIOXIDANTE
Além disso, fatores ambientais: inflamação, radiação, agentes químicos, lesão de reperfusão, podem induzir radicais livres adicionais nas células levando a danos celulares.
59. Green
Propolis
Green
Propolis
Green
Propolis
PRÓPOLIS REGULA A RESPOSTA ANTIOXIDANTE
60. Atividade Antioxidante da própolis
Inibição direta da oxidação induzida por radicais livres:
1.Redução da peroxidação lipídica
2.Aumento da expressão de SOD, CAT e GSHpx
3.Aumento da NAPHquinona oxidoredutase
4.Inibição da xantina-oxidase e sequestro de O2- e alcoxil. Okonenko LB. Propolis as an inhibitor of free radical lipid oxidation in salmonellosis. Vopr Med Khim. 1986 May-Jun;32(3):45-8. Marquele FD, Di Mambro VM, Georgetti SR, Casagrande R, Valim YM, Fonseca MJ. Assessment of the antioxidant activities of Brazilian extracts of propolis alone and in topical pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005 Sep 15;39(3-4):455-62 Liu CF, Lin CC, Lin MH, Lin YS, Lin SC. Cytoprotection by propolis ethanol extract of acute absolute ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions. Am J Chin Med. 2002;30(2-3):245-54 Shinohara R, Ohta Y, Hayashi T, Ikeno T. Evaluation of antilipid peroxidative action of propolis ethanol extract. Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):340-7 Ozyurt H, Irmak MK, Akyol O, Sogut S. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester changes the indices of oxidative stress in serum of rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injuryCell Biochem Funct. 2001 Dec;19(4):259-63.
61. Cagli K, Bagci C, Gulec M, Cengiz B, Akyol O, Sari I, Cavdar S, Pence S, Dinckan H. In vivo effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and apoptotic changes in rats. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2005 Autumn;35(4):440-8
Okonenko LB, Aidarkhanov BB, Rakhmetova AA, Zhakisheva SSh, Iksymbaeva ZhS. Vitamin E and propolis as antioxidants after excessive administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Vopr Pitan. 1988 Jul-Aug;(4):68-70.
Sun F, Hayami S, Haruna S, Ogiri Y, Tanaka K, Yamada Y, Ikeda K, Yamada H, Sugimoto H, Kawai N, Kojo S. In vivo antioxidative activity of propolis evaluated by the interaction with vitamins C and E and the level of lipid hydroperoxides in rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 May;48(5):1462-5
Scheller S, Gazda G, Krol W, Czuba Z, Zajusz A, Gabrys J, Shani J. The ability of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) to protect mice against gamma irradiation. Z Naturforsch [C]. 1989 Nov-Dec;44(11- 12):1049-52
.Sud'ina GF, Mirzoeva OK, Pushkareva MA, Korshunova GA, Sumbatyan NV, Varfolomeev SD. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester as a lipoxygenase inhibitor with antioxidant properties. FEBS Lett. 1993 Aug 23;329(1-2):21-4
Volpert R, Elstner EF. Biochemical activities of propolis extracts. I. Standardization and antioxidative properties of ethanolic and aqueous derivatives. Z Naturforsch [C]. 1993 Nov-Dec;48(11-12):851- 7.
Strehl E, Volpert R, Elstner EF. Biochemical activities of propolis-extracts. III. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase. Z Naturforsch [C]. 1994 Jan-Feb;49(1-2):39-43
Strehl E, Volpert R, Elstner EF. Biochemical activities of propolis-extracts. III. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase. Z Naturforsch [C]. 1994 Jan-Feb;49(1-2):39-43
Atividade Antioxidante da própolis
62. Basnet P, Matsuno T, Neidlein R. Potent free radical scavenging activity of propol isolated from Brazilian propolis. Z Naturforsch [C]. 1997 Nov-Dec;52(11-12):828-33
Ichikawa H, Satoh K, Tobe T, Yasuda I, Ushio F, Matsumoto K, Endo K, Ookubo C. Free radical scavenging activity of propolis. Redox Rep. 2002;7(5):347-50
Pascual C, Gonzalez R, Torricella RG. Scavenging action of propolis extract against oxygen radicals. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994 Jan;41(1-2):9-13
Shimizu K, Ashida H, Matsuura Y, Kanazawa K. Antioxidative bioavailability of artepillin C in Brazilian propolis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004 Apr 15;424(2):181-8
Mirzoeva OK, Sud'ina GF, Pushkareva MA, Korshunova GA, Sumbatian NV, Varfolomeev SD. Lipophilic derivatives of caffeic acid as lipoxygenase inhibitors with antioxidant properties. Bioorg Khim. 1995 Feb;21(2):143-51
Mirzoeva OK, Calder PC. The effect of propolis and its components on eicosanoid production during the inflammatory response. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1996 Dec;55(6):441-9.
Chopra S, Pillai KK, Husain SZ, Giri DK. Propolis protects against doxorubicin-induced myocardiopathy in rats. Exp Mol Pathol. 1995 Jun;62(3):190-8.
Merino N, Gonzalez R, Gonzalez A, Remirez D. Histopathological evaluation on the effect of red propolis on liver damage induced by CCl4 in rats. Arch Med Res. 1996 Autumn;27(3):285-9
Mahran LG, el-Khatib AS, Agha AM, Khayyal MT. The protective effect of aqueous propolis extract on isolated rat hepatocytes against carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1996;22(6):309-16
Atividade Antioxidante da própolis
63. Rodriguez S, Ancheta O, Ramos ME, Remirez D, Rojas E, Gonzalez R. Effects of Cuban red propolis on galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. Pharmacol Res. 1997 Jan;35(1):1-4.
Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Adnyana IK, Midorikawa K, Matsushige K, Message D, Huertas AA, Kadota S. Cytotoxic, hepatoprotective and free radical scavenging effects of propolis from Brazil, Peru, the Netherlands and China. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Sep;72(1-2):239-46
Jaiswal AK, Venugopal R, Mucha J, Carothers AM, Grunberger D. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester stimulates human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene. : Cancer Res. 1997 Feb 1;57(3):440-6
Lee S, Kim KS, Park Y, Shin KH, Kim BK. In vivo anti-oxidant activities of tectochrysin. Arch Pharm Res. 2003 Jan;26(1):43-6.
Ozen S, Akyol O, Iraz M, Sogut S, Ozugurlu F, Ozyurt H, Odaci E, Yildirim Z. Role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an active component of propolis, against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Appl Toxicol. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):27-35
Hosnuter M, Gurel A, Babuccu O, Armutcu F, Kargi E, Isikdemir A. The effect of CAPE on lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in the plasma of rats following thermal injury. Burns. 2004 Mar;30(2):121-5.
Oktem F, Ozguner F, Sulak O, Olgar S, Akturk O, Yilmaz HR, Altuntas I. Lithium-induced renal toxicity in rats: protection by a novel antioxidant caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Sep;277(1-2):109-15
Ozguner F, Oktem F, Ayata A, Koyu A, Yilmaz HR. A novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents long-term mobile phone exposure-induced renal impairment in rat. Prognostic value of malondialdehyde, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and nitric oxide determination. Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Sep;277(1-2):73-80
Atividade Antioxidante da própolis
64. CLINICAL EVIDENCE
Are preclinical effects reproducible in humans with cancer, during nutritional supplementation with propolis?
65. Breast Cancer: A Case Report
Dr Ellen R. T. Silveira MD PhD mail@ellensilveira.com Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte Centro de Pesquisa em Cardiologia e Doenças Crônico-degenerativas Av. Francisco Sales 1111 - 8 andar Centro CEP 30150-221, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Tel: +55 (31) 3238 8698
Clinical history:
Female, aged 60 years, apprx. 70kgs, married, 3 children, social drinker, non-smoker, family history negative for breast cancer.
Had 2 extranumerary breasts surgically removed in 1998. Started annual check-up mammograms at age 40.
Started HRT at age 44 years, irregularly and mainly as skin patches.
67. First Step: Ultrasonography Medical Report
9h : Hypoecoic image with bizarre and irregular form, and internal calcification (12 x 12 mm).
11h: From 3 cm to areolas board line, hypoecoic image with the same characteristics (7,3 x 7,6 mm).
12-1h : hypoecoic image with regular boards and homogeneous internal (10 x 6,9 mm).
Suggesting biopsy.
69. First Step: Diagnosis
Nodular image observed in the upper left quadrant with calcification. We suggest correlation with ultrasonography.
Inconclusive mammography contents.
72. Radiatherapy
Had a total of 31 sessions of radiotherapy daily, from Nov to Dec 2004.
73. Tamoxifen and Propolis
From January 2005 started on Tamoxifen (one tablet daily, recommended 5 years) and propolis extract (aqueous and alcoolic) initially for 3 months, then as capsules until Dec 2005.
Since January 2006 has been taking a total of 4 capsules daily of cytopropolis. Reports increase in level of energy with propolis. The patient is in good condition currently.
74. no-Hodgkin‘s lymphoma
Clinical history:
Male, aged 65 years, apprx 77kgs, married, social drinker, past of heavy smoking (1 pack/daily for 50 years, stopped in 2002). Reported in mid 2002 (at age 61 years) high temperature (39-40C) and sudoresis for 2 months.
Had treatment with antipyretic, antiinflamatory and antibiotic drugs with no improvement. Also presented frequent headaches, cough and hoarseness (this last started two years before the diagnosis of Ca was made). A mass (node) was detected in the right cervical region the same year (2002). He was then referred to a throat specialist.
Had an excisional biopsy of a right cervical linfonode followed by immunohistochemistry which revealed a Non-Hodgkin'b4s lymphoma. Had 8 sessions of chemotherapy (from beginning of March to August 2003 at 20-day intervals apprx).
75. Lymphoma: A Case Report
An anatomic pathological exam of a right cervical lymphonode (21/02/03) (measuring 2cms in diameter) suggested Hodgkin'b4s Lymphoma (CID-10 C81; nodular sclerosis type)
21/02/2003
76. Lymphoma: A Case Report
Immunohistochemistry revealed a Non-Hodgkin'b4s lymphoma
28/02/2003
78. Lymphoma: A Case Report
Scarce nodules in both lungs, the biggest with 6 cm.
12/05/2003
79. Cisto with regular walls and
Homogenic anecoic containing,
Size 4,6 x 4,4 cm
10/03/2004
80. Propolis Supplement Protocol:
Propolis was started initially as aqueous/alcoholic extracts for three months then in the form of capsules around the same time the chemo was started.
81. Lymphoma: A Case Report
only paraseptal emphysema in both superior pulmonary lobes
18/04/2005
82. Follow-up Thorax CT on 18/04/05 showed only paraseptal emphysema in both superior pulmonary lobes and some residual pleuropulmonary alterations (discrete opacity) in the right lung apex. Liver steatosis in the thoracoabdominal transition shown on CT. No linfoadenomegaly.
18/04/2005
83. Propolis Suplemment Protocol: A CT and Rx of the thorax done in April 2005 did not show any Ca signs (nodes). He is in good condition currently. He continue to intake 4 caps/day of Cytopropolis.
84. Propolis in Wound:
Male patient, aged 17 years, who had pre-auricular furunculosis (lymphadenopathy) due to MRSA (Methycillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The pus was extracted and propolis extract was applied for 7 days with good resolution of the infection.
86. Teenager (14 years old) was burnt with hot water. Damaged skin was removed and the surface was cleaned with sterile saline and then recovers with a propolis curative. 48 hours after, without remove the curative, was applied daily a propolis loction (16/06 to 3/07).
Propolis in Wound: