1) Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India. He emerged as a central leader in the Indian independence movement under Mahatma Gandhi and led India from 1947 until his death in 1964. 2) Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule, employing nonviolent civil disobedience. He led India to independence and inspired civil rights movements worldwide. 3) Narendra Modi is the current Prime Minister of India, having held the office since 2014. He previously served as Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014. 4) Indira Gandhi was one of the most important leaders in Indian political history,

1. Jawaharlal Nehru
(1) Jawaharlal Nehru (/ˈneɪruː, ˈnɛruː/;[1] Hindustani: [ˈdʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru] ( listen); 14
November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure
in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as the paramount leader of
the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and ruled
India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He
is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist,
secular, and democratic republic. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots
with the Kashmiri Pandit community while many Indian children knew him as Chacha
Nehru (Hindi, lit., "Uncle Nehru").[2][3]
Mohandas Gandhi
(2) The son ofMotilal Nehru, a prominent lawyer and nationalist statesman and Swaroop Rani,
Nehru was a graduate of Trinity College,Cambridge and the Inner Temple, where he
trained to be a barrister. Upon his return to India, he enrolled at the Allahabad High Court,
and took an interest in national politics, which eventually replaced his legal practice.A
committed nationalist since his teenage years,he became a rising figure in Indian politics
during the upheavals ofthe 1910s. He became the prominent leader ofthe left-wing factions
of the Indian National Congress during the 1920s,and eventually ofthe entire Congress,
with the tacit approval of his mentor, Gandhi. As Congress President in 1929, Nehru called
for complete independence from the British Rajand instigated the Congress's decisive shift
towards the left. Mahatma Gandhi.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Gandhi" redirects here. For other uses, see Gandhi (disambiguation).
Mahatma
Mohandas Gandhi
Born
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
2 October 1869
Porbandar State, Kathiawar Agency,
British Indian Empire[1]
(now in Gujarat, India)
Died 30 January 1948 (aged 78)

2. Jawaharlal Nehru
New Delhi, Delhi, India
Cause of
death
Assassination
Resting place Ashes scattered in various rivers
Other names Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu, Gandhiji
Education barrister-at-law
Alma mater
Kathiawar High School, Rajkot,
Samaldas College, Bhavnagar,
University College, London
Known for
Leadership of Indian independence
movement,
philosophy of Satyagraha, Ahimsa or
nonviolence,
pacifism
Movement Indian National Congress
Spouse(s) Kasturba Gandhi
Children
Harilal
Manilal
Ramdas
Devdas
Parents
 Karamchand Gandhi (father)
 Putlibai Gandhi (mother)
Signature
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (/ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡæn-/;[2] Hindustani: [ˈmoːɦənd̪ aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪
ˈɡaːnd̪ ʱi] ( listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the leader of the Indian independence
movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to
independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The
honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable")[3]—applied to him first in 1914 in
South Africa[4]—is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment
for "father",[5] "papa"[5][6]) and Gandhiji. He is unofficially called the Father of the Nation.[7][8]
Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, western India, and trained
in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an
expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights.
After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers
to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian
National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various social causes and for
achieving Swaraj or self-rule
(3). Narendra Modi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

3. Jawaharlal Nehru
Narendra Modi
14th Prime Minister of India
Incumbent
Assumed office
26 May 2014
President Pranab Mukherjee
Preceded by Manmohan Singh
14th Chief Minister of Gujarat
In office
7 October 2001 – 22 May 2014
Governor
 Sunder Singh Bhandari
 Kailashpati Mishra
 Balram Jakhar
 Nawal Kishore Sharma
 S. C. Jamir
 Kamla Beniwal
Preceded by Keshubhai Patel
Succeeded
by
Anandiben Patel
Member of the Indian Parliament
for Varanasi
Incumbent
Assumed office
16 May 2014
Preceded by Murli Manohar Joshi
Member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly for
Maninagar
In office
1 January 2002 – 16 May 2014
Preceded by Kamlesh Patel
Succeeded Suresh Patel

4. Jawaharlal Nehru
by
Personal details
Born
Narendra Damodardas Modi
17 September 1950 (age 66)
Vadnagar, Bombay State (presently
Gujarat), India
Political
party
Bharatiya Janata Party
Spouse(s) Jashodaben Modi (m. 1968) (estranged)
Residence 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, New Delhi
Alma mater
 University of Delhi
 Gujarat University
Signature
Website
 Official website
 Government website
This article is part of a series about
Narendra Modi
 Early life and education
 Public image
 Bibliography
Early political career
 Gujarat Legislative Assembly
o 2002
o 2007
o 2012

5. Jawaharlal Nehru
Prime Minister of India
 Campaign
o Achhe din aane waale hain
 Swearing-in
 Council of Ministers
 Timeline
 Mann Ki Baat
 International trips
 Premiership
National policy [show]
Foreign policy [show]
Controversies [show]
 v
 t
 e
Narendra Damodardas Modi (Gujarati: [ˈnəɾeːnd̪ rə d̪ aːmoːd̪ əɾˈd̪ aːs ˈmoːd̪ iː] ( listen), born 17
September 1950) is an Indian politician who is the 14th and current Prime Minister of India, in
office since May 2014. He was the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014, and is the
Member of Parliament for Varanasi. Modi, a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), is a
Hindu nationalist and member of the right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).
Born to a Gujarati family in Vadnagar, Modi helped his father sell tea as a child, and later ran his
own stall. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, beginning a long association with the
organisation. He left home after graduating from school, partly because of an arranged marriage
which he rejected. Modi traveled around India for two years, and visited a number of religious
centres. He returned to Gujarat and moved to Ahmedabad in 1969 or 1970. In 1971 he became a
full-time worker for the RSS. During the state of emergency imposed across the country in 1975,

6. Jawaharlal Nehru
Modi was forced to go into hiding. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he held
several positions within the party hierarchy until 2001, rising to the rank of general secretary.
Modi was appointed Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001, due to Keshubhai Patel's failing health
and poor public image following the earthquake in Bhuj. Modi was elected to the legislative
assembly soon after. His administration has been considered complicit in the 2002 Gujarat
riots,[a] or otherwise criticised for its handling of it, although a court found no evidence to
prosecute Modi.[b] His policies as chief minister, credited with encouraging economic growth,
have received praise.[8] His administration has been criticised for failing to significantly improve
health, poverty, and education indices in the state.[c]
Modi led the BJP in the 2014 general election, which gave the party a majority in the Lok Sabha,
the first time a single party had achieved this since 1984. Modi himself was elected to parliament
from Varanasi. Since taking office, Modi's administration has tried to raise foreign direct
investment in the Indian economy, increased spending on infrastructure, and reduced spending
on healthcare and social welfare programmes. Modi has attempted to improve efficiency in the
bureaucracy, and centralised power through the abolition of the planning commission. He has
begun a high-profile sanitation campaign, and weakened or abolished environmental and labour
laws. Credited with engineering a political realignment towards right-wing politics, Modi
remains a figure of controversy domestically and internationally over his Hindu nationalist
beliefs and his role during the 2002 Gujarat riots, cited as evidence of an exclusionary
(4). Indira Gandhi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indira Gandhi
3rd Prime Minister of India
In office
14 January 1980 – 31 October 1984
President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

7. Jawaharlal Nehru
Zail Singh
Preceded by Charan Singh
Succeeded by Rajiv Gandhi
In office
24 January 1966 – 24 March 1977
President
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Zakir Husain
V. V. Giri
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Deputy Morarji Desai
Preceded by Gulzarilal Nanda (Acting)
Succeeded by Morarji Desai
Minister of External Affairs
In office
9 March 1984 – 31 October 1984
Preceded by P. V. Narasimha Rao
Succeeded by Rajiv Gandhi
In office
22 August 1967 – 14 March 1969
Preceded by M. C. Chagla
Succeeded by Dinesh Singh
Minister of Defence
In office
14 January 1980 – 15 January 1982
Preceded by Chidambaram Subramaniam
Succeeded by R. Venkataraman
In office
30 November 1975 – 20 December 1975
Preceded by Swaran Singh
Succeeded by Bansi Lal
Minister of Home Affairs
In office
27 June 1970 – 4 February 1973
Preceded by Yashwantrao Chavan
Succeeded by Uma Shankar Dikshit
Minister of Finance
In office
16 July 1969 – 27 June 1970
Preceded by Morarji Desai
Succeeded by Yashwantrao Chavan
Minister of Information and Broadcasting
In office
9 June 1964 – 24 January 1966
Prime
Minister
Lal Bahadur Shastri

8. Jawaharlal Nehru
Preceded by Satya Narayan Sinha
Succeeded by Kodardas Kalidas Shah
Personal details
Born
Indira Priyadarshini Nehru
19 November 1917
Allahabad, United Provinces, British
India
Died
31 October 1984 (aged 66)
New Delhi, India
Political party Indian National Congress
Spouse(s) Feroze Gandhi
Relations See Nehru–Gandhi family
Children
Rajiv Gandhi
Sanjay Gandhi
Parents
Jawaharlal Nehru
Kamala Nehru
Alma mater
Visva-Bharati University
Somerville College, Oxford
Religion Hinduism
Awards Bharat Ratna (1971)
Signature
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindustani: [ˈɪnːdɪrə ˈɡaːnd̪ ʱi] ( listen); née Nehru; 19 November
1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and central figure of the Indian National
Congress party. She was the first (and to date is the only) female Prime Minister of India. Indira
Gandhi was the daughter of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. Despite her surname
Gandhi, she is not related to the family of independence leader Mahatma Gandhi. She served as
Prime Minister from 1966 to 1977 and then again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984,
making her the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India after her father.
Gandhi served as her father's personal assistant and hostess during his tenure as prime minister
between 1947 and 1964. She was elected Congress President in 1959. Upon her father's death in
1964, Gandhi refused to enter the Congress party leadership contest.However, she served as
minister of information and broadcasting in the government led by Nehru's successor, Lal
Bahadur Shastri. In the Congress Party's parliamentary leadership election held in early 1966,
upon the death of Shastri, she defeated her rival, Morarji Desai, to become leader, and thus
succeeded Shastri as Prime Minister of India.
As the Prime Minister of India, Gandhi was known for her political ruthlessness and
unprecedented centralisation of power. She went to war with Pakistan in support of the
independence movement and war of independence in East Pakistan, which resulted in an Indian
victory and the creation of Bangladesh, as well as increasing India's influence to the point where
it became the regional hegemon of South Asia. Gandhi also presided over a controversial state of
emergency from 1975 to 1977 during which she ruled by decree. Akin to Mahatma Gandhi's fate,
she was assassinated by Sikh nationalists in 1984. In her case, her elimination by her bodyguards
was a retaliation for the storming of the Harmandir Sahib(Golden Temple) in Amritsar that she
ordered to counter the Punjab insurgency, less than a month before her 67th birthday. The

9. Jawaharlal Nehru
assassins, Beant Singh and Satwant Singh, were both shot by other security guards. Satwant
Singh recovered from his injuries and was executed after being found guilty of murder.
In 1999, Indira was named "Woman of the Millennium" in a poll organised by the BBC.[
(5). Rabindranath Tagore
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Tagore" redirects here. For other uses, see Tagore (disambiguation).
Rabindranath Tagore
Tagore (c. 1925)
Native name রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর
Born
Rabindranath Thakur
7 May 1861
Calcutta, British India[1]
Died
7 August 1941 (aged 80)
Calcutta, British India[1]
Occupation
Writer
Painter
 Musician
Language Bengali, English
Ethnicity Bengali
Literary
movement Contextual Modernism

10. Jawaharlal Nehru
Notable
works
Gitanjali, Gora, Ghare-Baire, Jana
Gana Mana, Rabindra Sangeet, Amar
Shonar Bangla (other works)
Notable
awards
Nobel Prize in Literature
1913
Spouse Mrinalini Devi (m. 1883–1902)
Children 5 (two of whom died in childhood)
Relatives Tagore family
Signature
Santiniketan
Shilaidaha
Jorasanko, Kolkata
Locations of places associated with Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore[a] FRAS ( i
/rəˈbindrəˈnɑːt ˈtɑːɡɔːr/; Bengali: [robind̪ ro nat̪ʰ ʈʰakur]), also
written Ravīndranātha Thākura[2] (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941),[b] sobriquet Gurudev,[c] was
a Bengali polymath[4][5] who reshaped Bengali literature and music, as well as Indian art with
Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of Gitanjali and its
"profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse",[6] he became the first non-European to win the
Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.[7] Sometimes referred to as "the Bard of Bengal",[8] Tagore's
poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his "elegant prose and magical
poetry" remain largely unknown outside Bengal.[9]
A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an
eight-year-old.[10] At the age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the

11. Jawaharlal Nehru
pseudonym Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-
lost classics.[11][12] By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his
real name. As a humanist, universalist internationalist, and ardent anti-nationalist,[13] he
denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the
Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles,
hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy endures also in the institution he
founded, Visva-Bharati University.[14][15][16][17][18]
Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic
strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and
personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the
World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed—or
panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His
compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: India's Jana Gana Mana and
Bangladesh's Amar Shonar Bangla. The Sri Lankan national anthem was inspired by his
work.[19][20][21