INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LECTURE NOTES

1. ST. STEPHEN’S HIGH SCHOOL
COMPUTER DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2014-2015
COMPUTER SCIENCE
 is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications
 study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical processes (or algorithms)
 It underlies the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information
 A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems
PROGRAMMING
 is the art and science of creating computer programs
 is also called software engineering which is a multistep process for creating a program
 ALGORITHM – is a set of ordered steps for solving a problem
 PROGRAMMER – the person who creates a program, he makes the computer to “act intelligently” or not
 PROGRAM – is a list of instructions that the computer must follow to process data into information
 LOGIC – is the theory and art of critical and analytical reasoning
 CODING – is simply typing words and numbers onto a computer
 ENCODER – the person who type characters onto the computer
 GIGO – Garbage In, Garbage Out
CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
 Language is a medium for communication. Languages we speak are called natural languages
 Programming language is a subset of the set of natural languages. It contains all the symbols, characters, and usage
rules that permit a human being to communicate with computers
 Low Level Language – machine language, these are codes that are difficult to interpret
 Middle Level Language – English-like codes
 High Level Language – computer instructions that uses words that can be found in the English dictionary
SDLC – SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
1. PROBLEM ANALYSIS
a. Define the problem and the user
b. Determine the desired output
c. Determine the desired inputs
d. Determine the desired processing
e. Double check the feasibility of implementing the program
f. Document the analysis
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2. ST. STEPHEN’S HIGH SCHOOL
COMPUTER DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2014-2015
2. PROGRAM DESIGN
a. Top-Down Approach
b. Algorithm
c. Pseudocode
d. Flowchart
e. Do a structured walkthrough
3. PROGRAM CODING
a. Select the appropriate programming language
 Computations
 Database
 Web
 Information System
b. Follow the syntax
 syntax of a computer language is the set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are
considered to be a correctly structured document or fragment in that language
4. PROGRAM TESTING
a. PERFORM DESK-CHECKING
 Review from step 1
b. DEBUGGING
 Syntax Error
 Run-Time Error
 Logical Error
c. RUN REAL DATA
 Input dummy data
5. DOCUMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE
a. User Documentation
b. Operator Documentation
c. Programmer documentation
d. Maintain the program
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