Programming involves writing computer code to solve problems by implementing algorithms. A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. A programmer writes computer software and applications using specific programming languages. There are different programming methodologies and languages. Procedural languages specify the steps to solve a problem using variables, conditions, and functions. Functional programming uses pure mathematical functions and expressions instead of statements. Structured programming facilitates creating programs with readable code and reusable components. Modular programming separates program functionality into independent and interchangeable modules.

1. PRESENTATION OF PROGRAMMING IN
METHODOLOGY
1) Introduction
2) Programming techniques

2. Introduction of programming
What is programming? Programming is writing computer
code to create a program, to solve a problem. Programs
are created to implement algorithms . Algorithms can be
represented as pseudocode or a flowchart , and
programming is the translation of these into a computer
program.

3. What is program ?
A program is a set of instructions that a computer
follows in order to perform a particular task.
[computing] The chances of an error occurring in a
computer program increase with the size of the
program

4. What is programmer ?
A programmer is someone who writes/creates computer
software or applications generally by providing instructions
(commonly through the use of a specific programming
language) to the computer or by configuring already
existing code (such as a framework or existing code base).

5. Features of good programming language

7. Programming Methodologies - Introduction
When programs are developed to solve real-life problems like
inventory management, payroll processing, student admissions,
examination result processing, etc. they tend to be huge and
complex. The approach to analyzing such complex problems,
planning for software development and controlling the
development process is called programming methodology.
Types of programming methodology

8. •A procedural language is a sort of computer programming language
that has a set of functions, instructions, and statements that must be
executed in a certain order to accomplish a job or program. In
general, procedural language is used to specify the steps that the
computer takes to solve a problem. Computer procedural languages
include BASIC, C, FORTRAN, Java, and Pascal, to name a few. To
create programs, they use variables, conditional statements, and
functions that permit a computer to process and provide the desired
output.
•Although it allows the users to give computers instructions in a
natural language like Chinese, French, or English, computers are
unable to understand human communication. Therefore, users cannot
do that. Human intelligence can create ambiguities in communication
with natural language, but a computer needs a clear instruction,
mathematically precise communication system.
Procedural language

9. Functional programming is a programming paradigm in
which we try to bind everything in pure mathematical
functions style. It is a declarative type of programming
style. Its main focus is on “what to solve” in contrast to an
imperative style where the main focus is “how to solve”. It
uses expressions instead of statements. An expression is
evaluated to produce a value whereas a statement is
executed to assign variables. Those functions have some
special features discussed below.
Functional Programming is based on Lambda Calculus
Functional programming language

10. Structured programming, or modular programming, is a
programming paradigm that facilitates the creation of
programs with readable code and reusable components. All
modern programming languages support structured
programming, but the mechanisms of support -- like
the syntax of the programming languages -- vary.
When modules or elements of code can be reused from a
library, it may also be possible to build structured code
using modules written in different languages, as long as they
can obey a common module interface or application
program interface specification.
structured programming language

11. Modular programming is defined as a software design technique that
focuses on separating the program functionality into independent,
interchangeable methods/modules. Each of them contains everything
needed to execute only one aspect of functionality.
Talking of modularity in terms of files and repositories, modularity can
be on different levels -
Libraries in projects
Function in the files
Files in the libraries or repositories
Modularity is all about making blocks, and each block is made with the
help of other blocks. Every block in itself is solid and testable and can
be stacked together to create an entire application.

12. END
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