Jams and jellies tend to have long shelf lives when kept refrigerated.pdf
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Jams and jellies tend to have long shelf lives when kept refrigerated because A. the refrigeration temperature is too cold and prevents microbial growth B. their osmolarity causes plasmolysis of most microbes that may get into the jam or jelly C. their pH is too acidic for most microbes, causing denaturation of their proteins and enzymes D. their osmolarity causes osmotic lysis of most microbes that may get into the jam or jelly Which will have the steepest positive slope (fastest rate of growth) when graphed as log of population number versus time? Assume the microbes have identical generation times. A. a microaerophile grown in the presence of atmospheric oxygen B. a facultative anaerobe grown in the presence of atmospheric oxygen C. an obligate anaerobe grown in the presence of reduced oxygen D. an obligate anaerobe grown in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
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Jams and jellies tend to have long shelf lives when kept refrigerated because
the refrigeration temperature is too cold and prevents microbial growth
their osmolarity causes plasmolysis of most microbes that may get into the jam or jelly
their pH is too acidic for most microbes, causing denaturation of their proteins and enzymes
their osmolarity causes osmotic lysis of most microbes that may get into the jam or jelly.
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throughout the entire tube. The organism is most likely a(n) _____.
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The archaebacteria
group members
Rameen nadeem
Syeda iqra hussain
Hina zamir
Mahnoor khan
Maleeha inayat
Background
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There are six of them:
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Protista
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Some recent findings…
In 1996, scientists decided to split Monera into two groups of bacteria:
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“ancient” bacteria
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They live in extreme environments (like hot springs or salty lakes) and normal environments (like soil and ocean water).
All are unicellular (each individual is only one cell).
No peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
Some have a flagella that aids in their locomotion.
Most don’t need oxygen to survive
They can produce ATP (energy) from sunlight
They can survive enormous temperature extremes
They can survive under rocks and in ocean floor vents deep below the ocean’s surface
They can tolerate huge pressure differences
STRUCTURE
Size
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A micron is 1/1,000 of a millimeter.
In order to see their cellular features, scientists use powerful electron microscopes.
Shape
Shapes can be spherical or ball shaped and are called coccus.
Others are rod shaped, long and thin, and labeled bacillus.
Variations of cells have been discovered in square and triangular shapes.
STRUCTURE
Locomotion
Some archaea have flagella, hair-like structures that assist in movement.
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Cell Features
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STRUCTURE
Phospholipids
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The archaebacteria
group members
Rameen nadeem
Syeda iqra hussain
Hina zamir
Mahnoor khan
Maleeha inayat
Background
Biologists have long organized living things into large groups called kingdoms.
There are six of them:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Some recent findings…
In 1996, scientists decided to split Monera into two groups of bacteria:
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Because these two groups of bacteria were different in many ways scientists created a new level of classification called a DOMAIN.
Now we have 3 domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Any of a large group of primitive bacteria having unusual cell walls, membrane lipids, ribosomes, and RNA sequences, and having the ability to produce methane and to live in anaerobic, extremely hot, salty, or acidic conditions
The Domain Archaea
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They live in extreme environments (like hot springs or salty lakes) and normal environments (like soil and ocean water).
All are unicellular (each individual is only one cell).
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Some have a flagella that aids in their locomotion.
Most don’t need oxygen to survive
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Size
Archaea are slightly less than 1 micron long.
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In order to see their cellular features, scientists use powerful electron microscopes.
Shape
Shapes can be spherical or ball shaped and are called coccus.
Others are rod shaped, long and thin, and labeled bacillus.
Variations of cells have been discovered in square and triangular shapes.
STRUCTURE
Locomotion
Some archaea have flagella, hair-like structures that assist in movement.
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Cell Features
Within the cell membrane, the archaea cell contains cytoplasm and DNA, which are in single-looped forms called plasmids.
Most archaeal cells also have a semi-rigid cell wall that helps it to maintain its shape and chemical balance.
This protects the cytoplasm, which is the semi-liquid gel that fills the cell and enables the various parts to function.
STRUCTURE
Phospholipids
The molecules that make up cell membranes are called phospholipids, which act as building blocks for the cell.
In archaea, these molecules are made of glycerol-ether lipids.
Ether Bonding
The ether bonding makes it possible for archaea to survive in environments that are extremely acidic or al
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