This document provides an overview and summary of a report titled "Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Practices into Planning" published by the American Planning Association. The report was funded by FEMA to provide guidance to planners on integrating hazard mitigation best practices into local comprehensive plans, zoning codes, and other planning tools. It includes an introduction of the roles of different stakeholders in hazard mitigation planning, discusses how the Disaster Mitigation Act framework guides this process, and provides case studies of jurisdictions that have successfully integrated hazard mitigation into their local planning.
James c. schwab, editor hazard mitigation integrating beADDY50
This document provides an overview and summary of a report titled "Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Practices into Planning" published by the American Planning Association. The report examines the role of planners in hazard mitigation and integrating hazard mitigation practices into local planning. It includes chapters on the Disaster Mitigation Act, integrating hazards into comprehensive and local plans, implementation tools like zoning and capital improvement plans, and case studies of jurisdictions that have incorporated hazard mitigation planning.
This handbook from the Council on Environmental Quality presents best practices for incorporating collaboration into the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process. It introduces the concept of collaboration in NEPA analyses and outlines the benefits. The handbook provides guidance on when collaboration works best and less well, and the basic approach to designing a collaborative NEPA process. It identifies opportunities for collaboration within each stage of the NEPA process and addresses common challenges to collaboration. The goal is to expand effective use of collaboration and improve environmental decision-making.
Report of UNDP Ghana "Nkitahodie" Policy Dialogue on Climate ChangeHeather Troutman
Prior to the 2016 Presidential elections, UNDP Ghana hosted a Policy Dialogue with the top five political parties to discuss how their manifestos addressed Ghana's Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Climate Change Agreement.
This document summarizes the findings of a three-year research project on the role of civil society in peacebuilding. The project analyzed 13 case studies using a framework that identified 7 potential functions of civil society: protection, monitoring, advocacy, socialization, social cohesion, facilitation, and service delivery.
The research found that civil society plays an important supportive role in peacebuilding, though political actors and conflict parties are more decisive. The relevance of civil society's functions varies significantly depending on the phase of conflict. While protection is highly relevant during wars, it is not always well implemented by civil society. Conversely, less relevant functions like socialization receive more attention and funding.
The document outlines three main policy implications:
The Practice of Low Impact Development -PATHSotirakou964
PATH (Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing) is a public-private partnership managed by HUD that aims to improve the quality, durability, environmental efficiency, and affordability of future homes. The report discusses low impact development (LID) as an approach to site planning and design that manages stormwater runoff and wastewater on-site. LID utilizes practices like infiltration trenches and rain gardens to mimic natural hydrologic functions. It also explores alternatives to conventional wastewater systems like sand filters and mounds that can treat wastewater on-site. The report provides guidance to help communities and developers successfully plan and implement LID practices.
This document provides the provisional agenda, annotations, list of documents and workplan for the first regular session of the United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund and United Nations Office for Project Services Executive Board in 2014. The session will consider matters related to gender, country programmes, South-South cooperation, evaluation, and financial and administrative issues for UNDP, UNFPA and UNOPS. It will also discuss the strategic frameworks for UNDP, UNFPA, UNOPS and the United Nations Capital Development Fund for 2014-2017.
A quarterly report on lessons learned, published June 2010. The lessons learned program aims to foster continuous improvement by publishing time and cost metrics as well as guidance on public participation and interagency co-ordination procedures for NEPA implementation and compliance.
This document summarizes key findings about regional development and cooperation related to climate change mitigation from the IPCC's 5th Assessment Report. It finds that there is considerable heterogeneity across and within regions in their opportunities and capacities for low-carbon development. While the poorest regions have the most potential to "leapfrog" to low-carbon paths, they lack financial and technological capacities. Emerging economies have more lock-in effects but more opportunities through rapid development. Industrialized regions have the highest capacities but largest lock-in effects. Regional cooperation has had limited impact on mitigation to date but could play an enhanced role by incorporating mitigation objectives into trade agreements and infrastructure projects.
James c. schwab, editor hazard mitigation integrating beADDY50
This document provides an overview and summary of a report titled "Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Practices into Planning" published by the American Planning Association. The report examines the role of planners in hazard mitigation and integrating hazard mitigation practices into local planning. It includes chapters on the Disaster Mitigation Act, integrating hazards into comprehensive and local plans, implementation tools like zoning and capital improvement plans, and case studies of jurisdictions that have incorporated hazard mitigation planning.
This handbook from the Council on Environmental Quality presents best practices for incorporating collaboration into the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process. It introduces the concept of collaboration in NEPA analyses and outlines the benefits. The handbook provides guidance on when collaboration works best and less well, and the basic approach to designing a collaborative NEPA process. It identifies opportunities for collaboration within each stage of the NEPA process and addresses common challenges to collaboration. The goal is to expand effective use of collaboration and improve environmental decision-making.
Report of UNDP Ghana "Nkitahodie" Policy Dialogue on Climate ChangeHeather Troutman
Prior to the 2016 Presidential elections, UNDP Ghana hosted a Policy Dialogue with the top five political parties to discuss how their manifestos addressed Ghana's Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Climate Change Agreement.
This document summarizes the findings of a three-year research project on the role of civil society in peacebuilding. The project analyzed 13 case studies using a framework that identified 7 potential functions of civil society: protection, monitoring, advocacy, socialization, social cohesion, facilitation, and service delivery.
The research found that civil society plays an important supportive role in peacebuilding, though political actors and conflict parties are more decisive. The relevance of civil society's functions varies significantly depending on the phase of conflict. While protection is highly relevant during wars, it is not always well implemented by civil society. Conversely, less relevant functions like socialization receive more attention and funding.
The document outlines three main policy implications:
The Practice of Low Impact Development -PATHSotirakou964
PATH (Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing) is a public-private partnership managed by HUD that aims to improve the quality, durability, environmental efficiency, and affordability of future homes. The report discusses low impact development (LID) as an approach to site planning and design that manages stormwater runoff and wastewater on-site. LID utilizes practices like infiltration trenches and rain gardens to mimic natural hydrologic functions. It also explores alternatives to conventional wastewater systems like sand filters and mounds that can treat wastewater on-site. The report provides guidance to help communities and developers successfully plan and implement LID practices.
This document provides the provisional agenda, annotations, list of documents and workplan for the first regular session of the United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund and United Nations Office for Project Services Executive Board in 2014. The session will consider matters related to gender, country programmes, South-South cooperation, evaluation, and financial and administrative issues for UNDP, UNFPA and UNOPS. It will also discuss the strategic frameworks for UNDP, UNFPA, UNOPS and the United Nations Capital Development Fund for 2014-2017.
A quarterly report on lessons learned, published June 2010. The lessons learned program aims to foster continuous improvement by publishing time and cost metrics as well as guidance on public participation and interagency co-ordination procedures for NEPA implementation and compliance.
This document summarizes key findings about regional development and cooperation related to climate change mitigation from the IPCC's 5th Assessment Report. It finds that there is considerable heterogeneity across and within regions in their opportunities and capacities for low-carbon development. While the poorest regions have the most potential to "leapfrog" to low-carbon paths, they lack financial and technological capacities. Emerging economies have more lock-in effects but more opportunities through rapid development. Industrialized regions have the highest capacities but largest lock-in effects. Regional cooperation has had limited impact on mitigation to date but could play an enhanced role by incorporating mitigation objectives into trade agreements and infrastructure projects.
The National Designated Authority (NDA) is Albania's focal point for engagement with the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The NDA oversees GCF activities in Albania to ensure alignment with national climate priorities. It convenes stakeholders to identify priority sectors for funding and nominates entities for direct access to GCF resources. The NDA works with a coordination mechanism including an Inter-Ministerial Working Group and Technical Secretariat to review funding proposals and accreditation applications. The mechanism supports strategic oversight of GCF investments and country ownership of climate finance.
This document outlines the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) Open Government Plan. The plan details initiatives to increase transparency, encourage public engagement, and drive collaboration through open government. Key initiatives include establishing an innovation lab, utilizing predictive analytics to combat homelessness, creating a business practices exchange for housing providers, and making regulations and data more accessible online. The plan aims to strengthen HUD's mission and better serve the public through openness, participation, and cooperation.
This document summarizes an evaluation of family planning promotion campaigns in Nigeria that used public service announcements on radio and television as well as a national logo. Household surveys were conducted before and after the campaigns to assess their impact on awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and use of family planning methods. The campaigns were found to increase exposure to family planning messages through various media and raise awareness of the national family planning organization. Multivariate analysis showed that greater exposure to the campaigns was associated with more positive attitudes toward family planning and increased modern contraceptive use.
Mission
To support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a Nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.
Ethos
To serve the Nation by helping its people and first responders, especially when they are most in need.
Core Values
Compassion, Fairness, Integrity, Respect
November 2010 comprehensive preparedness guide (cpg) 101JUST36
The document announces the release of Version 2.0 of the Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 101 (CPG 101) which provides guidance for developing emergency operations plans. It promotes risk-informed and integrated planning to examine hazards and produce coordinated response plans. The updated version places greater emphasis on community engagement and inclusion. CPG 101 is the foundation for emergency planning in the United States and can help planners at all levels of government.
The document provides a Harbour Area Plan for Gibsons, British Columbia. It summarizes the planning process which included public engagement. Key themes that emerged from public input include preserving the village scale and character of the harbour area, improving pedestrian access to the waterfront while maintaining views of nature, ensuring environmentally sustainable development, supporting social and cultural activities, and ensuring the economic viability of the area. The plan establishes a vision and goals to guide development over the next 10-20 years to create a sustainable and vibrant harbour area that balances these themes.
This document is a sanitation handbook published by UNICEF and USAID. It provides an overview of sanitation issues and guidelines for developing better sanitation programs. The handbook emphasizes community participation, a variety of technology options, and financing strategies. It is intended to help program designers work as catalysts for more effective sanitation programming and policy development.
The document is a thesis submitted by Maximilian Dixon for a Master's degree in Urban Planning. It examines how an asset-based appreciative inquiry risk assessment model could improve FEMA's Risk MAP process to help communities become more resilient. The thesis reviews literature on key concepts like risk, resilience, risk assessment, human well-being and capital. It then presents the ABAIRA model, an expanded version of an asset-based workshop model developed for FEMA, for comparing to Risk MAP. The ABAIRA model aims to address eight areas for improving Risk MAP, such as defining resilience, engaging communities, and incorporating various types of community assets and goals.
Companion Planting and Sustainability Plan for City of College of San FranciscoMaria857qx
This document outlines City College of San Francisco's Sustainability Plan Part 1, which addresses sustainability in construction, retrofitting, and operations. The plan provides policies and guidelines for managing resources using sustainability practices. It covers topics like green building standards for construction projects, sustainable operations practices, and energy and water conservation measures. The plan is intended to guide the college's facilities development and day-to-day efforts according to sustainability and environmental stewardship principles.
Between 2007 and 2012 the Rural Territorial Dynamics Program worked with more than 50 organizations in 11 Latin American countries to explain why some rural territories have achieved greater economic growth, environmental sustainability and social inclusion, while others have demonstrated notable lags in development. With the knowledge from this work, the program collaborated in the design and implementation of public strategies, policies, programs and projects throughout the region. The program benefited from the support of IDRC Canada, IFAD and the New Zealand Aid Programme. The final report prepared by the implementation agency, the Rimisp Latin American Center for Rural Development, highlights the lessons learned from this innovative program.
Learn more by visiting the Rural Territorial Dynamics web portal www.rimisp.org/dtr
Guidance Note For Developing a National Climate Change Learning StrategyUN CC:Learn
This technical document provides methodological and organizational guidance to countries interested in taking a strategic approach to climate change learning and skills development. In particular, it lays out the process of developing a National Strategy to Strengthen Human Resources and Skills to Advance Green, Low Emission and Climate Resilient Development - or short “National Climate Change Learning Strategy” - through cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder collaboration, and with an engagement of national education and training institutions.
The ULI panel report summarizes its findings and recommendations from assessing how to design the city of Arvada, Colorado to promote active lifestyles. The panel reviewed the local economy, best practices for designing healthy communities, specific site recommendations, strategies for programming, financing options, and approaches for implementation. The goal was to provide objective advice to Arvada on responsibly using land to enhance health through physical activity.
This document provides a toolkit for conducting a comprehensive community needs assessment. It acknowledges that many agencies conduct needs assessments primarily for funding purposes. The toolkit aims to help agencies conduct a single, integrated needs assessment to better coordinate services, direct change, and set the framework for more innovative service delivery. It covers data collection from statistical sources, surveys, focus groups, interviews and partners. It also provides guidance on analyzing information, prioritizing issues, and using the needs assessment to inform strategic planning through logic models. The overall goal is for the assessment to help agencies understand and address the underlying causes of poverty in their community.
The official report of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM) "Developing Institutional Capacities of Public Administration for the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Post Conflict and Crisis Situations: Challenges, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned in Preparedness, Prevention, and Reconstruction " is now available for viewing and download. The EGM was held in June 2010 at
United Nations Headquarters, New York.
The document is a guide for state officials on environmental management systems (EMS). It provides an overview of EMS, including their evolution, benefits, and potential applications. It also examines different models of state programs that encourage the adoption of EMS, such as recognition programs, menu-based approaches, and tiered programs. The guide aims to help states design leadership programs that spur environmental innovation through public-private partnerships.
This report summarizes findings from a pilot project between the EPA and Iowa stakeholders to incorporate climate change considerations into local hazard mitigation and community planning. It identifies 9 key findings, including that local governments are on the front lines of climate adaptation, land use planning is critical to adaptation capacity, and climate data needs to be accessible to local planners. The report also discusses challenges of using climate science, opportunities to incorporate it into planning, and case studies of Coralville and Story County that integrated climate adaptation. The overall goal is to help Iowa communities better plan for increasing flood risks and improve resilience to climate impacts.
Gender and Recycling: Tools for Project Design and ImplementationReciclajeInclusivo
This document provides tools for integrating a gender perspective into projects related to inclusive recycling. It begins with an introduction on the purpose and structure of the guide. It then describes the methodology used to develop the guide, which included a literature review and focus groups. The literature review found that most informal recyclers are women who face disadvantages. The guide outlines how to conduct a gender assessment and integrate gender considerations into project design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. This includes tools like stakeholder analysis, time use surveys and analyzing access to resources. The goal is to empower women recyclers by improving their participation, working conditions and access to markets.
This book provides the basic understanding of resilience and how to translate it into practical do how, therefore the separation of roles between humanitarian or development should be avoided and facts on how to be resilient needs to be transformed by everyone.
RiverFirst: A Park Design Proposal and Implementation Framework for the Minneapolis Upper Riverfront.
A 20-year vision to re-create the quintessential Mississippi Riverfront city -- for the 21st century and beyond.
Authors: Tom Leader Studio, Kennedy & Violich Architecture under the Minneapolis Park Board's Minneapolis Riverfront Development Initiative, with Groundwork City Building and HR&A Advisors.
Gender, cities and climate change thematic studygenderURRworkshop
This document discusses the importance of addressing gender equality in climate change policy at the city level. It notes that while cities, climate change, and gender issues have each received attention, the intersection of all three has not been fully explored. Gender inequalities mean that climate change impacts and mitigation strategies may differently and disproportionately affect women and men. It is important for climate policy to consider gender issues to promote equitable outcomes and ensure effective policymaking that engages all relevant stakeholders. The document provides background on these topics and proposes a conceptual framework and recommendations for mainstreaming gender perspectives into urban climate change responses.
This document is a program for the 2013 GIS in the Rockies conference. It includes a welcome letter, information about the board of directors and planning committee, sponsoring organizations, keynote speakers, the conference program schedule with session titles and presenters, maps of the conference venue, information on exhibitors, posters, social events, and post-conference tours. The program provides details on the various sessions, events, locations and speakers for the annual GIS in the Rockies conference taking place that year.
The National Designated Authority (NDA) is Albania's focal point for engagement with the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The NDA oversees GCF activities in Albania to ensure alignment with national climate priorities. It convenes stakeholders to identify priority sectors for funding and nominates entities for direct access to GCF resources. The NDA works with a coordination mechanism including an Inter-Ministerial Working Group and Technical Secretariat to review funding proposals and accreditation applications. The mechanism supports strategic oversight of GCF investments and country ownership of climate finance.
This document outlines the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) Open Government Plan. The plan details initiatives to increase transparency, encourage public engagement, and drive collaboration through open government. Key initiatives include establishing an innovation lab, utilizing predictive analytics to combat homelessness, creating a business practices exchange for housing providers, and making regulations and data more accessible online. The plan aims to strengthen HUD's mission and better serve the public through openness, participation, and cooperation.
This document summarizes an evaluation of family planning promotion campaigns in Nigeria that used public service announcements on radio and television as well as a national logo. Household surveys were conducted before and after the campaigns to assess their impact on awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and use of family planning methods. The campaigns were found to increase exposure to family planning messages through various media and raise awareness of the national family planning organization. Multivariate analysis showed that greater exposure to the campaigns was associated with more positive attitudes toward family planning and increased modern contraceptive use.
Mission
To support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a Nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.
Ethos
To serve the Nation by helping its people and first responders, especially when they are most in need.
Core Values
Compassion, Fairness, Integrity, Respect
November 2010 comprehensive preparedness guide (cpg) 101JUST36
The document announces the release of Version 2.0 of the Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 101 (CPG 101) which provides guidance for developing emergency operations plans. It promotes risk-informed and integrated planning to examine hazards and produce coordinated response plans. The updated version places greater emphasis on community engagement and inclusion. CPG 101 is the foundation for emergency planning in the United States and can help planners at all levels of government.
The document provides a Harbour Area Plan for Gibsons, British Columbia. It summarizes the planning process which included public engagement. Key themes that emerged from public input include preserving the village scale and character of the harbour area, improving pedestrian access to the waterfront while maintaining views of nature, ensuring environmentally sustainable development, supporting social and cultural activities, and ensuring the economic viability of the area. The plan establishes a vision and goals to guide development over the next 10-20 years to create a sustainable and vibrant harbour area that balances these themes.
This document is a sanitation handbook published by UNICEF and USAID. It provides an overview of sanitation issues and guidelines for developing better sanitation programs. The handbook emphasizes community participation, a variety of technology options, and financing strategies. It is intended to help program designers work as catalysts for more effective sanitation programming and policy development.
The document is a thesis submitted by Maximilian Dixon for a Master's degree in Urban Planning. It examines how an asset-based appreciative inquiry risk assessment model could improve FEMA's Risk MAP process to help communities become more resilient. The thesis reviews literature on key concepts like risk, resilience, risk assessment, human well-being and capital. It then presents the ABAIRA model, an expanded version of an asset-based workshop model developed for FEMA, for comparing to Risk MAP. The ABAIRA model aims to address eight areas for improving Risk MAP, such as defining resilience, engaging communities, and incorporating various types of community assets and goals.
Companion Planting and Sustainability Plan for City of College of San FranciscoMaria857qx
This document outlines City College of San Francisco's Sustainability Plan Part 1, which addresses sustainability in construction, retrofitting, and operations. The plan provides policies and guidelines for managing resources using sustainability practices. It covers topics like green building standards for construction projects, sustainable operations practices, and energy and water conservation measures. The plan is intended to guide the college's facilities development and day-to-day efforts according to sustainability and environmental stewardship principles.
Between 2007 and 2012 the Rural Territorial Dynamics Program worked with more than 50 organizations in 11 Latin American countries to explain why some rural territories have achieved greater economic growth, environmental sustainability and social inclusion, while others have demonstrated notable lags in development. With the knowledge from this work, the program collaborated in the design and implementation of public strategies, policies, programs and projects throughout the region. The program benefited from the support of IDRC Canada, IFAD and the New Zealand Aid Programme. The final report prepared by the implementation agency, the Rimisp Latin American Center for Rural Development, highlights the lessons learned from this innovative program.
Learn more by visiting the Rural Territorial Dynamics web portal www.rimisp.org/dtr
Guidance Note For Developing a National Climate Change Learning StrategyUN CC:Learn
This technical document provides methodological and organizational guidance to countries interested in taking a strategic approach to climate change learning and skills development. In particular, it lays out the process of developing a National Strategy to Strengthen Human Resources and Skills to Advance Green, Low Emission and Climate Resilient Development - or short “National Climate Change Learning Strategy” - through cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder collaboration, and with an engagement of national education and training institutions.
The ULI panel report summarizes its findings and recommendations from assessing how to design the city of Arvada, Colorado to promote active lifestyles. The panel reviewed the local economy, best practices for designing healthy communities, specific site recommendations, strategies for programming, financing options, and approaches for implementation. The goal was to provide objective advice to Arvada on responsibly using land to enhance health through physical activity.
This document provides a toolkit for conducting a comprehensive community needs assessment. It acknowledges that many agencies conduct needs assessments primarily for funding purposes. The toolkit aims to help agencies conduct a single, integrated needs assessment to better coordinate services, direct change, and set the framework for more innovative service delivery. It covers data collection from statistical sources, surveys, focus groups, interviews and partners. It also provides guidance on analyzing information, prioritizing issues, and using the needs assessment to inform strategic planning through logic models. The overall goal is for the assessment to help agencies understand and address the underlying causes of poverty in their community.
The official report of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM) "Developing Institutional Capacities of Public Administration for the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Post Conflict and Crisis Situations: Challenges, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned in Preparedness, Prevention, and Reconstruction " is now available for viewing and download. The EGM was held in June 2010 at
United Nations Headquarters, New York.
The document is a guide for state officials on environmental management systems (EMS). It provides an overview of EMS, including their evolution, benefits, and potential applications. It also examines different models of state programs that encourage the adoption of EMS, such as recognition programs, menu-based approaches, and tiered programs. The guide aims to help states design leadership programs that spur environmental innovation through public-private partnerships.
This report summarizes findings from a pilot project between the EPA and Iowa stakeholders to incorporate climate change considerations into local hazard mitigation and community planning. It identifies 9 key findings, including that local governments are on the front lines of climate adaptation, land use planning is critical to adaptation capacity, and climate data needs to be accessible to local planners. The report also discusses challenges of using climate science, opportunities to incorporate it into planning, and case studies of Coralville and Story County that integrated climate adaptation. The overall goal is to help Iowa communities better plan for increasing flood risks and improve resilience to climate impacts.
Gender and Recycling: Tools for Project Design and ImplementationReciclajeInclusivo
This document provides tools for integrating a gender perspective into projects related to inclusive recycling. It begins with an introduction on the purpose and structure of the guide. It then describes the methodology used to develop the guide, which included a literature review and focus groups. The literature review found that most informal recyclers are women who face disadvantages. The guide outlines how to conduct a gender assessment and integrate gender considerations into project design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. This includes tools like stakeholder analysis, time use surveys and analyzing access to resources. The goal is to empower women recyclers by improving their participation, working conditions and access to markets.
This book provides the basic understanding of resilience and how to translate it into practical do how, therefore the separation of roles between humanitarian or development should be avoided and facts on how to be resilient needs to be transformed by everyone.
RiverFirst: A Park Design Proposal and Implementation Framework for the Minneapolis Upper Riverfront.
A 20-year vision to re-create the quintessential Mississippi Riverfront city -- for the 21st century and beyond.
Authors: Tom Leader Studio, Kennedy & Violich Architecture under the Minneapolis Park Board's Minneapolis Riverfront Development Initiative, with Groundwork City Building and HR&A Advisors.
Gender, cities and climate change thematic studygenderURRworkshop
This document discusses the importance of addressing gender equality in climate change policy at the city level. It notes that while cities, climate change, and gender issues have each received attention, the intersection of all three has not been fully explored. Gender inequalities mean that climate change impacts and mitigation strategies may differently and disproportionately affect women and men. It is important for climate policy to consider gender issues to promote equitable outcomes and ensure effective policymaking that engages all relevant stakeholders. The document provides background on these topics and proposes a conceptual framework and recommendations for mainstreaming gender perspectives into urban climate change responses.
This document is a program for the 2013 GIS in the Rockies conference. It includes a welcome letter, information about the board of directors and planning committee, sponsoring organizations, keynote speakers, the conference program schedule with session titles and presenters, maps of the conference venue, information on exhibitors, posters, social events, and post-conference tours. The program provides details on the various sessions, events, locations and speakers for the annual GIS in the Rockies conference taking place that year.
Advancing Healthy Housing. A Strategy for ActionLoyedi Waite
This document outlines goals and priorities for healthy housing over the next 3-5 years as agreed upon by the federal Healthy Homes Work Group. The goals are to: 1) establish recommendations for assessing health and safety hazards in housing; 2) encourage adoption of the recommendations; 3) support training and workforce development to address housing hazards; 4) educate the public about healthy homes; and 5) support research to advance healthy housing cost-effectively. The initiatives aim to remedy unsafe housing conditions and the shortage of decent housing for low-income families, as directed by the U.S. Housing Act of 1937.
This document summarizes the revised prospectus for the 2000-2003 phase of the Managing Natural Resources-People Land and Water (PLaW) program initiative. The initiative aims to promote sustainable and equitable use of land and water resources by rural communities in threatened ecosystems in Africa and the Middle East. The goal is to improve lives and livelihoods by increasing food and water security, particularly for poor and marginalized groups. The prospectus outlines the research focus, expected outputs, implementation approach, resources, and evaluation plan for the second phase of the initiative.
The Calgary Wetland Conservation Plan was developed over one year with input from various individuals and groups. It aims to guide future urban development in a way that ensures the conservation of Calgary's significant wetland areas. The plan establishes policies and procedures for wetland protection as the city continues to grow. It seeks to ensure "no net loss" of wetlands by promoting their conservation and mitigation. Key goals include maintaining water quality and quantity, reducing flooding risk, and providing habitat while allowing for orderly development.
Similar to James c. schwab, editor hazard mitigation integrating be (20)
Macy’s, inc.—2018 david, f. r., david, f. r., & david, m. e. (ssuserd93c47
- Macy's is a large department store chain operating under various brands like Macy's, Bloomingdale's, and Bluemercury. It has over 800 stores across the US and reported $25 billion in revenues in 2017.
- Macy's has been struggling financially in recent years with declining sales and profits. It has responded by closing underperforming stores, expanding private label brands, and focusing on online and omnichannel capabilities.
- Key competitors include department stores like JC Penney and Nordstrom, mass retailers like Target, and online-only clothing retailers. Macy's is facing challenges from shifting consumer preferences toward online shopping.
Level 2—permission level 2 is based entirely on relationships. ssuserd93c47
Level 2 leadership is based on relationships and influence rather than position. Leaders develop trust and positive relationships with followers by treating people as individuals with value. The focus is on getting to know people and building solid relationships rather than preserving one's position. You cannot lead people well without liking them. Positional leadership relies on rules and authority rather than influence. Positional leaders have subordinates rather than team members and rarely get extra effort from people.
Lecture 6 hello everyone. welcome back to lh 4430, history ofssuserd93c47
This lecture discusses slavery and colonial society in late colonial Mexico. It notes that while slavery was important, free black labor was even more significant in urban and regional economies. The lecturer also provides context on the Bourbon Reforms in the late 18th century. The reforms aimed to centralize control over the colonies, curb smuggling, and increase royal revenues through measures like taxes and monopolies over key industries. This caused unrest among colonial elites and merchants who lost economic autonomy and faced higher taxes under the new system.
Learning resources required readingsthyer, b. a. (2013). ssuserd93c47
This document lists required readings and media for a learning module, including two journal articles discussing evidence-based and evidence-guided social work practice and an audio introduction on evaluation. It also provides an optional link to additional resources on the MSW program homepage.
Learning resources required readingsdudley, j. r. (2020).ssuserd93c47
This document provides instructions for an assignment to outline two logic models - one at the practice level and one at the program level - for a support group for caregivers like Helen Petrakis. Students are asked to review the case study of the Petrakis family, research support programs for caregivers, and complete the provided logic model templates describing the inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes of a support group designed to address Helen's needs and improve her stress and anxiety at both the individual practice level and broader program level. The outlines should be accompanied by 2-3 paragraphs elaborating on each logic model.
Learning resources note to access this module’s required librassuserd93c47
The document provides learning resources for a course module, including required readings from textbooks and peer-reviewed journal articles that can be accessed through the university library databases. Students are instructed to read a chapter on patient concerns, choices and clinical judgment in evidence-based practice, as well as several journal articles on topics like shared decision-making, return on investment for professional development, and using decision aids to facilitate patient choices. One article is from a website providing information on patient decision aids.
Last name 1 last name 1namemy nameclassdatethssuserd93c47
The document discusses outlining a term paper in three parts:
I. Developing the outline, including reviewing the assignment, choosing a topic, doing research, developing the topic, and writing a thesis statement.
II. Outlining the paper by writing topic sentences, organizing paragraphs with Roman numerals and subpoints with letters and numbers, and filling in the outline.
III. Revising the outline by reverse outlining the first draft, examining the logical flow, rearranging paragraphs physically, and revising the outline and paper.
June 2013 (122) mis quarterly executive 65 misq uarterlssuserd93c47
The document discusses how a CIO's responsibilities are expanding beyond traditional IT services due to increasing business digitization. It identifies four main types of activities that CIOs engage in: IT services, embedded activities working with business units, external customer activities, and managing enterprise-wide processes. The document reports on a study that surveyed over 1,500 CIOs globally and found they on average spend 44% of their time on IT services, 36% on embedded activities, 10% on external customers, and 10% on enterprise processes. It explores how different CIO activity allocations relate to firm performance and strategies.
Its 531 – business intelligence research project you are team of ssuserd93c47
Your team has been contracted by an organization to provide a presentation on the benefits of a business intelligence solution. You will identify a key problem the solution could solve, provide an example of the information it could deliver, and propose an OLAP software tool. You have access to the organization's databases and must select a relevant dataset. Your paper and presentation should explain business intelligence, describe the data and proposed consolidation, how the data will be prepared, features of the chosen software, why it was selected over competitors, and an analysis model. Sources must include scholarly materials.
It for management on demand strategies for performance, growth,ssuserd93c47
This document discusses various topics relating to computer networks and network fundamentals. It defines different types of networks including LANs, WANs, WLANs, MANs, SANs, CANs and PANs. It also discusses network terminology such as bandwidth, intranets, extranets, virtual private networks, and quality of service (QoS). The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate these network concepts. Learning objectives and sample questions are also included to help assess understanding of the key network fundamentals.
Ism3230 in class lab module 3 – working with strings and strinssuserd93c47
This document provides instructions for a program that takes in information about lettuce - the variety, location ID, and harvest date - and outputs a barcode string. The program prompts the user to input the three pieces of information. It then extracts elements from each input to include in the barcode format: the first 3 letters of the variety in uppercase, the first and last letters of the month from the date with the first uppercase and last lowercase, the field ID and farm ID from the location ID, separated by hyphens.
Introduction to macroeconomics 1 page 2 of 2 introduction to mssuserd93c47
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Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
2. APA headquarters office is at 1776 Massachusetts Ave., NW,
Suite 400, Washington, DC 20036.
E-mail: [email protected]
Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Practices into Planning is
the result
of a contract between the American Planning Association (APA)
and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The
work that provided the basis for this publication was supported
by funding under Department of Homeland Security (DHS)/Fed-
eral Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) contract
#HSFEHQ-
07-C-0078 with the American Planning Association. The
substance
and findings of that work are dedicated to the public.
The report was developed under the auspices of the Hazards
Planning Research Center, one of APA’s National Centers for
Planning. The Center engages in research, policy, outreach, and
education that advance hazard mitigation and disaster recovery
through planning. For more information, visit www.planning
.org/nationalcenters/hazards/index.htm. APA’s National Cen-
ters for Planning conduct policy-relevant research and education
involving community health, natural and man-made hazards,
and green communities. For more details, visit www.planning
.org/nationalcenters/index.htm.
James C. Schwab, aicp, served as the project manager and prin-
cipal investigator. He is the manager of APA’s Hazards
Planning
Research Center, a senior research associate, and co-editor of
Zon-
ing Practice.
Kenneth C. Topping, faicp, is president, Topping Associates In-
ternational, Cambria, California, and lecturer with the City and
3. Regional Planning Department, California Polytechnic State
Uni-
versity–San Luis Obispo, where he serves as project director,
2010
State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan.
David R. Godschalk, faicp, is the Stephen Baxter Professor
Emeri-
tus in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the Uni-
versity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Joseph A. MacDonald, aicp, is a program development senior
as-
sociate for APA.
Ann Dillemuth is a research associate for APA and co-editor of
PAS
Memo.
Rebecca Little Leitschuh, formerly an APA project intern, is the
city
planner for the City of Wooster, Ohio.
The authors would like to thank the following individuals who
contributed to or supported this project, including Bill Klein,
aicp,
Director of Research at APA, who provided valuable input and
leadership; Tre Jerdon, research associate at APA who assisted
the
project; Rana Salzmann, Knowledge Management Associate,
who
helped identify research materials; Kathleen Smith, aicp, of
FEMA,
who served as project monitor; Terry Baker, Frederick
Sharrocks,
Karen Helbrecht, Diana Coho, Jennifer Burmester, Julie Baxter,
4. and
Tom Smith of FEMA, who reviewed the manuscript and
provided
other vital support; Pete Fogg, Jeff Bielling, Deepa Srinavasan,
Mark Stewart, Gavin Smith, Chad Berginnis (who also assisted
with Chapter 4), and Tina Sanchez, who along with authors
David
Godschalk and Ken Topping, participated in a scoping
symposium
that helped define goals and objectives for the project at its
outset;
Edward A. Thomas, Attorney/Manager, Homeland Security Pro-
grams, Michael Baker, Jr., Inc., who provided input on legal
issues;
Laurie Johnson, aicp, consultant; Robert E. Deyle, professor of
urban planning at Florida State University, and Darrin
Punchard,
aicp, senior project manager at AECOM Water, who reviewed
the
manuscript and provided numerous valuable suggestions; and
the following who all participated in a roundtable discussion on
ecology and mitigation: Kimberly Bitters, Environmental Spe-
cialist, Floodplain Management Program, Ohio Department of
Natural Resources; David Carlton, Engineer, ESA Adolfson;
Craig
Colten, Carol O. Sauer Professor, Department of Geography and
Anthropology, Louisiana State University; David Fowler,
Milwau-
kee Metropolitan Sanitary District; and Michele Steinberg, aicp,
Firewise Communities Support Manager, National Fire
Protection
Association.
In addition, the following provided valuable information to the
case study authors: for Lee County, Florida: John Wilson, Lee
5. County Public Safety Director; Mary Gibbs, Lee County
Commu-
nity Development Director; and Bill Spikowski, planning
consul-
tant and former Lee County Growth Management Department
Director; for Charlotte/Mecklenburg County, North Carolina:
David Canaan, Director, Mecklenburg County Land & Water
Re-
sources; Julie Clark, Division Director, Greenway Planning and
Development; Garet Johnson, Assistant Director, Long-Range
Planning Services & Strategic Planning Services; Gavin Smith,
Executive Director, Center for the Study of Natural Hazards and
Disasters at the University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill; and
Tim Trautman, Program Manager, Mecklenburg County Flood
Mitigation; for Roseville, California: Julia Burrows, Deputy
City Manager, Rhon Herndon, Engineering Manager, and Paul
Richardson, Planning Director, all with the City of Roseville;
and Robert Flaner, Senior Planner, Tetra Tech, Inc.; for
Berkeley,
California: Arrietta Chakos, formerly assistant city manager but
now at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University;
Gil Dong, Berkeley Fire Department, and Debra R. Pryor, Fire
Chief; and Dan Lambert, Senior Management Analyst, Planning
and Development Department, City of Berkeley; for Bourne,
Massachusetts: Ted Brovitz, Associate Planner, Stantec
Planning
and Landscape Architecture; Stacey Justus, Coastal Resources
Specialist, Cape Cod Commission; Kate Kennen, Landscape Ar-
chitect, Kennen Landscape Architecture; Coreen Moore, Town
Planner, Town of Bourne, Massachusetts; Sallie Riggs,
Executive
Director, Bourne Financial Development Corporation; and Sarah
White, Hazard Mitigation Planner, Massachusetts Emergency
Management Agency; and for Morgan County, Utah: Brad Bar-
tholomew, Mitigation Planner/Recovery Officer, State of Utah;
Sherrie Christensen, former Community Development Direc-
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Morgan County, Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Chapter 9 . Findings and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 131
What Works? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
What Does Not Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
The Road Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
apa-pas560-00fm.indd 2 5/14/10 11:46:45 AM
iii
foreword
Integrating Hazards into Local Planning
We will always live on a restless planet with natural hazards
covering the
gamut of flood, fire, wind and earthquake. Today, more than
ever, Ameri-
can communities know more and can do more to take actions to
reduce the
devastating consequences of natural hazards left unchecked.
Over the last
century, we have faced our threats in a number of ways . We
spent billions
10. to control those hazards we knew about, but in some cases
nature reacted
in ways we did not expect and ways we could not predict .
Mitigation, a cornerstone of emergency management, is defined
as taking
sustained actions to reduce or eliminate the long-term risks to
people and
property from hazards . Mitigation builds community resilience
and commu-
nity sustainability. When a tornado or flood is upon us, it is too
late to take
mitigative actions; but by taking steps to lower our risk across
generations,
we can ensure that our communities recover more quickly from
those natural
events when they do occur . Building our homes and buildings
outside of
high-risk flood areas; fortifying our schools and hospitals and
office buildings
against earthquakes; constructing safe rooms for our neighbors,
our friends,
and our families to shelter in during high wind events are all
examples of
ways planners, developers, architects, engineers, and
community leaders can
take those necessary and sustainable actions to protect existing
and future
development against natural functions of the environment and
reduce the
need—and cost—for response and recovery after an event
occurs .
Community planners have an integral role as advocates in
shaping their
communities . Tools that are the mainstay of the planning
11. professional—
such as building codes, zoning, and land-use plans—are keys to
mitigation .
However, unless the public understands that we need to change
where and
how we develop and live, this work won’t matter . Therefore,
better com-
munication, citizen involvement, and proactive leadership set
the priorities,
tone, and attitude for development decisions .
Experience has also shown that emergency managers continue to
take
the lead on addressing hazards in their communities.
Frequently, emer-
gency managers lead mitigation planning efforts but may not
always take
advantage of the unique expertise that community development
or zoning
officials can bring to bear in the preparation of these plans.
Community
planners share the responsibility to seek out their emergency
management
counterparts and become part of the emergency management
team to jointly
determine what shared values and potential solutions work best
for their
community .
apa-pas560-00fm.indd 3 5/14/10 11:46:45 AM
iv Foreword
The national emergency management system has evolved to
12. address
comprehensively at all levels protection, recovery,
preparedness, response,
and mitigation needs . Communities that have suffered from
disasters are
acutely aware that disasters are inherently local, but the
regional and global
impacts of a disaster can be far-reaching . This knowledge
places a huge
responsibility on local governments to incorporate resilience
and sustain-
ability to natural hazards into their decision making .
This report is the result of a contract between the Federal
Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) and the American Planning
Association
(APA) . In 1998, under a separate FEMA contract, APA
completed the widely
disseminated guide, Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and
Reconstruction
(PAS Report 483/484). That report reflected the need for greater
inclusion
of hazards as a factor in local planning during a time when
emergency
management, in the postdisaster environment, was the primary
driver of
change. The practice of community planning has evolved
significantly in a
very short time, with sophisticated and creative results evident
in hazard-
prone communities throughout our nation . The case studies
highlighted in
the pages of this report illustrate this change . However, the
basic tenets of
Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction are
13. still widely appli-
cable for recovery and mitigation planning efforts today .
When developing this report, there was no expectation of
finding a perfect
solution in any one community . Integration of hazards into
local plans does
not exist in one ideal template . The comprehensive plans that
are the most
effective are unique, living documents that evolve over time.
Comprehensive
planning recognizes the long-term benefits of our actions, even
if the process
of developing a long-term plan can be a challenge . Integrating
hazards into
the planning process on paper is easy; putting that integration
into practice
amid a myriad of local variables is much tougher . The
commitment and politi-
cal will to address hazards wane when the immediate threat of
or response
to a disaster is gone . This is our challenge to address together .
The participants who assisted with the development of this
report know
intuitively what integration of hazards into local planning
means . As a result
of the groundbreaking change in federal policy with regard to
the Robert T .
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as
amended by the
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, and the requirement for
mitigation plans
for federal disaster assistance, a national repository of almost
20,000 state,
local, and tribal mitigation plans has been developed over the
14. last decade .
Hazard mitigation plans previously existed within only a few
select states
that included hazards as a component of comprehensive
planning in land-
use enabling laws . This report shows what can be accomplished
when that
integration goes beyond the minimum federal requirements.
I am extremely impressed by the ability of communities to go
beyond the
bare minimum in community planning to achieve true reduction
of risks
to their built environment, future development, and, most
important, to
protect the people that live in, work in, or visit them . I hope
that community
leaders and practicing planners with the skills, knowledge, and
influence
are inspired to think a little bit differently about how hazards
affect their
communities, and how they can help their communities become
resilient
and sustainable .
W . Craig Fugate, Administrator
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Department of Homeland Security
apa-pas560-00fm.indd 4 5/14/10 11:46:46 AM
v
15. Executive Summary
This PAS Report resulted from a growing awareness by both the
American
Planning Association and the Federal Emergency Management
Agency
that effective hazard mitigation requires exploiting every
opportunity a
community has at its disposal to promote safe growth . This
awareness has
grown rapidly as a result of the experience that FEMA and
communities
nationwide have acquired in implementing the Disaster
Mitigation Act of
2000 amendments to the Robert T . Stafford Disaster Assistance
and Relief
Act . Planners must be able to learn from the best practices for
integrating
hazard mitigation into all aspects of the local planning process .
The study
thus includes six major case studies from across the nation .
The report’s initial chapters present a framework for
understanding
those case studies . Chapter 1 is a brief for expanding the role
of planners in
hazard mitigation, detailing the value of what they bring to the
table while
summarizing the roles of other actors in the process . Chapter 2
explains
the often complex relationships among federal and state hazard
mitigation
laws and local hazard mitigation planning . Chapter 3 then
details the rela-
tionships between hazard-related elements and other elements in
the local
16. comprehensive plan and discusses the various types of hazard
elements
prescribed in state planning legislation . Chapter 4 goes on to
describe how
hazard mitigation can be integrated into other types of
community and
regional plans—specifically, area, functional, and operational
plans. Chapter
5 then offers best practices for integrating hazard mitigation
into the tools
for implementing local policy . It also prescribes the
methodology for Safe
Growth Audits .
Chapters 6, 7, and 8 each offer pairs of case studies of large,
intermedi-
ate, and small town and rural jurisdictions . That division helps
to show
that communities large and small can use best practices for
integration to
achieve meaningful results in reducing losses of both life and
property on
account of natural hazards . Finally, Chapter 9 summarizes what
the report’s
authors have learned about what works, what does not work, and
what lies
ahead for our nation’s communities with regard to natural
hazards . The key
points of those findings are:
WHAT WORKS
• Complementary Goals and Objectives in the Local Hazard
Mitigation
Plan and Comprehensive Plan
17. • Implementing Hazard Mitigation through Government
Expenditures
and Development Regulations
apa-pas560-00fm.indd 5 5/14/10 11:46:46 AM
vi Executive Summary
• Documenting Existing and Predicted Future Conditions and
Raising
Awareness of What Can Be Done about Them
• Mutual Reinforcement Between Hazard Mitigation and Other
Planning
Goals
• Sustaining Leadership for Hazard Mitigation
• Strong Culture of Preparedness and Mitigation
• Using External Drivers As Leverage While Focusing on
Community
Needs
• Proactive Outreach and Stakeholder Involvement in Planning
WHAT DOES NOT WORK
• Procrastination
• Failure to Involve Planners in Local Hazards Planning
• Failure to Engage Public Participation or to Communicate
about
18. Hazards
• Investment in Redevelopment without Accounting for Hazards
• Failure to Use Other Plans to Address Hazards
THE ROAD AHEAD
• Learn from Disasters
• Start Change Now
• Strengthen Integration of Hazards with Other Planning
Activities
• Think Linkages
apa-pas560-00fm.indd 6 5/14/10 11:46:46 AM
1
Chapter 1
Hazard Mitigation: An Essential Role for Planners
James C. Schwab, aicp, and Kenneth C. Topping, faicp
One of the primary goals of planning has always been the
enhancement of
quality of life in our communities. Most planners practice in the
firm belief
that their efforts are helping to improve the lives of people in
the communi-
ties they serve.
Nothing is more essential to protecting quality of life than
19. ensuring
personal safety. All other benefits or public goods that people
might regard
as elements of a high-quality life—aesthetics, cultural activity,
peaceable
civic life, prosperity—are difficult or impossible to cultivate or
enjoy when
personal safety is in jeopardy.
s
apa-pas560-01.indd 1 5/14/10 11:52:56 AM
2 Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Practices into Planning
Much the same can be said about public health. Protecting
public health
and safety has long been enshrined as an essential justification
for the use of
police power at all levels of government. The role of police and
fire services
in protecting public health and safety is made apparent on a
daily basis.
As we have learned more about the environment and the risks
inherent
in the forces of nature, government has acquired new
responsibilities to
address those risks—including not allowing development to
occur in ways
that would be likely to increase threats to public health and
safety. This
responsibility has long formed the legal, constitutional, and
philosophical
20. basis of environmental law, which has strengthened over time as
scientific
research has strengthened causal connections between
environmental qual-
ity and public health.
In the United States, both environmental and hazards-related
laws are
subject to the same sorts of restraint on governmental authority
that apply
in many other areas of public safety. The most important
restraint is the
injunction against takings—the appropriation by government of
private
property without just compensation—in the Fifth Amendment to
the U.S.
Constitution. As with so many issues in the law, however, this
is less a mat-
ter of absolutes than of balancing considerations. Common law
has never
bestowed an absolute right on property owners to do whatever
they please
on their own land, if for no other reason than that some things
they may
choose to do can pose a nuisance or danger to others. For
instance, a prop-
erty owner who tears down part of a coastal dune system not
only may be
jeopardizing the integrity of that system on his own land but, by
creating a
breach in the natural protection those dunes afford against
coastal storms
and erosion, may also be jeopardizing the safety and viability of
use of many
neighboring property owners and renters as well. Likewise, as
Firewise
21. Communities (2009) has noted, a landowner in the wildland-
urban inter-
face who fails to manage properly the vegetation on her own
property may
well be endangering not only her own property in the event of a
wildfire
but the property of neighbors who may as a result face the
consequences of
an enlarged fire. Clearly, regulating development in order to
minimize risk
or prevent unreasonable risks is a key function of the police
power in any
government that has responsibility for such decisions.
While the question of regulation is usually phrased to ask
whether gov-
ernment is going too far in a particular case, it is also important
to discuss
whether government has gone far enough, particularly in
situations where
the danger posed by development is clear (Thomas and Medlock
2008).
Whether the issue is one of properly assessing the potential for
slope failure
resulting in landslides, of anticipating the impact of
obstructions in a flood-
way, or some similar failure to prevent foreseeable
consequences, officials as
well as developers must anticipate the possibility that victims
will pursue
claims based on real or perceived negligence. Those who
threaten claims for
takings often seek to persuade officials to loosen regulations on
development
with threats of lawsuits, but the opposite can be true as well —
after the fact,
22. suits for damages resulting from foreseeable consequences can
also tug at
the public purse. As Thomas and Medlock (2008) conclude,
contemporary
law supports using a preventive approach to promote the public
health,
safety, and welfare in the face of potential disasters. When
public safety is
at risk, advocates of property rights ought not to be the only
people gaining
the attention of local elected officials.1
This PAS Report is, above all else, a brief for why planners
must make
hazard mitigation a central consideration in the comprehensive
planning
process and all that flows from it. It also examines how that
process can
establish the framework for successful mitigation and,
ultimately, greater
community resilience in the face of disasters. In order to
achieve these goals,
DEfinition: HAzARD
MitigAtion
What exactly is hazard mitigation?
According to the website of the Fed-
eral Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA), “Mitigation is the effort to
reduce loss of life and property by
lessening the impact of disasters.
This is achieved through risk analy-
sis, which results in information
that provides a foundation for mitiga-
23. tion activities that reduce risk, and
flood insurance that protects finan-
cial investment” (www.fema.gov/
government/mitigation.shtm#1).
According to the Code of Federal
Regulations, “Hazard mitigation
means any sustained action taken
to reduce or eliminate the long-term
risk to human life and property from
hazards” (44 CFR 201.2). ◀
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Chapter 1. Hazard Mitigation: An Essential Role for Planners 3
planners must become familiar enough with the language and
logic of natural
and other hazards to assert a primary role for planning in
addressing them.
This report aims to establish that framework.
WHAt RoLE SHoULD PLAnnERS PLAY?
The field of hazard mitigation is not unoccupied. Emergency
managers, in
particular, have carved out significant roles there. So have civil
engineers
and others involved in planning for and developing public
infrastructure.
There are many people and institutions with stakes in the wide
range of
structural and nonstructural approaches to hazard mitigation.
24. Nevertheless, planners’ role in the process is central, and the
process is
less robust and less comprehensive without them. Planners
typically have
combinations of skills that can abet success for mitigation
plans. In turn,
the adoption of mitigation tools can strengthen the role of
planning in both
the short and long term. It is critical that planners perceive the
centrality of
their role in this area and use their talents to the maximum
benefit of public
health and safety.
facilitating Public Participation
Most planners have at least some training in facilitating public
involve-
ment, and …